| Title: |
Community Mobility and Depressive Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States |
| Authors: |
Perlis, Roy H.; Trujillo, Kristin Lunz; Safarpour, Alauna; Quintana, Alexi; Simonson, Matthew D.; Perlis, Jasper; Santillana, Mauricio; Ognyanova, Katherine; Baum, Matthew A.; Druckman, James N.; Lazer, David |
| Source: |
Political Science Faculty Publications |
| Publisher Information: |
The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Collection: |
The Cupola - Scholarship at Gettysburg College |
| Subject Terms: |
covid-19; depression; stay-at-home orders; survey research; Psychiatry and Psychology; Public Health |
| Description: |
Importance Marked elevation in levels of depressive symptoms compared with historical norms have been described during the COVID-19 pandemic, and understanding the extent to which these are associated with diminished in-person social interaction could inform public health planning for future pandemics or other disasters. Objective To describe the association between living in a US county with diminished mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic and self-reported depressive symptoms, while accounting for potential local and state-level confounding factors. Design, Setting, and Participants This survey study used 18 waves of a nonprobability internet survey conducted in the United States between May 2020 and April 2022. Participants included respondents who were 18 years and older and lived in 1 of the 50 US states or Washington DC. Main Outcome and Measure Depressive symptoms measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); county-level community mobility estimates from mobile apps; COVID-19 policies at the US state level from the Oxford stringency index. Results The 192 271 survey respondents had a mean (SD) of age 43.1 (16.5) years, and 768 (0.4%) were American Indian or Alaska Native individuals, 11 448 (6.0%) were Asian individuals, 20 277 (10.5%) were Black individuals, 15 036 (7.8%) were Hispanic individuals, 1975 (1.0%) were Pacific Islander individuals, 138 702 (72.1%) were White individuals, and 4065 (2.1%) were individuals of another race. Additionally, 126 381 respondents (65.7%) identified as female and 65 890 (34.3%) as male. Mean (SD) depression severity by PHQ-9 was 7.2 (6.8). In a mixed-effects linear regression model, the mean county-level proportion of individuals not leaving home was associated with a greater level of depression symptoms (β, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.57-3.58) after adjustment for individual sociodemographic features. Results were similar after the inclusion in regression models of local COVID-19 activity, weather, and county-level economic features, and persisted after widespread ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
unknown |
| Relation: |
https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/poliscifac/71; https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/context/poliscifac/article/1079/viewcontent/perlis_2023_oi_231005_1695236252.19189.pdf |
| DOI: |
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.34945 |
| Availability: |
https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/poliscifac/71; https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.34945; https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/context/poliscifac/article/1079/viewcontent/perlis_2023_oi_231005_1695236252.19189.pdf |
| Rights: |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.1D1F1507 |
| Database: |
BASE |