| Title: |
Rapid spread of a new West Nile virus lineage 1 associated with increased risk of neuroinvasive disease during a large outbreak in Italy in 2022 |
| Authors: |
Barzon, Luisa; Pacenti, Monia; Montarsi, Fabrizio; Fornasiero, Diletta; Gobbo, Federica; Quaranta, Erika; Monne, Isabella; Fusaro, Alice; Volpe, Andrea; Sinigaglia, Alessandro; Riccetti, Silvia; Molin, Emanuela Dal; Satto, Sorsha; Lisi, Vittoria; Gobbi, Federico; Galante, Silvia; Feltrin, Giuseppe; Valeriano, Valerio; Favero, Laura; Russo, Francesca; Mazzucato, Matteo; Bortolami, Alessio; Mulatti, Paolo; Terregino, Calogero; Capelli, Gioia |
| Contributors: |
Barzon, Luisa; Pacenti, Monia; Montarsi, Fabrizio; Fornasiero, Diletta; Gobbo, Federica; Quaranta, Erika; Monne, Isabella; Fusaro, Alice; Volpe, Andrea; Sinigaglia, Alessandro; Riccetti, Silvia; Molin, Emanuela Dal; Satto, Sorsha; Lisi, Vittoria; Gobbi, Federico; Galante, Silvia; Feltrin, Giuseppe; Valeriano, Valerio; Favero, Laura; Russo, Francesca; Mazzucato, Matteo; Bortolami, Alessio; Mulatti, Paolo; Terregino, Calogero; Capelli, Gioia |
| Publication Year: |
2022 |
| Collection: |
Padua Research Archive (IRIS - Università degli Studi di Padova) |
| Subject Terms: |
West Nile viru; bird; fever; lineage; mosquito; neuroinvasive disease |
| Description: |
Background: A new strain of WNV lineage 1 (WNV - 1) emerged in the Veneto Region, northern Italy, in 2021, eight years after the last outbreak of WNV - 1 in Italy. The virus, which co-circulates with WNV-2, has become endemic in the Region, where, in 2022, most human cases of neuroinvasive disease (WNND) reported in Europe have occurred. Methods: Comparative analysis of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of WNV-1 and WNV-2 infection in humans, as well as the temporal and geographic distribution of WNV-1 and WNV-2 among wild birds and Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Veneto, from May 16th to August 21st, 2022, to determine if the high number of WNND cases was associated with WNV-1. Results: As of August 21st, 2022, 222 human cases of WNV infection were confirmed by molecular testing, including 103 with fever (WNF) and 119 with WNND. WNV lineage was determined in 201 (90.5%) cases, comprising 138 WNV-1 and 63 WNV-2 infections. During the same period, 35 blood donors tested positive, including 30 in whom WNV lineage was determined (13 WNV-1 and 17 WNV-2). Comparative analysis of the distribution of WNV-1 and WNV-2 infections among WNND cases, WNF cases and WNV-positive blood donors showed that patients with WNND were more likely to have WNV-1 infection than blood donors (odds ratio 3.44; 95% CI 95% 1.54 to 8.24; p = 0.0043). As observed in humans, in wild birds WNV-1 had higher infectious rate (IR) and showed a more rapid expansion than WNV-2. At variance, the distribution of the two lineages was more even in mosquitoes, but with a trend of rapid increase of WNV-1 IR over WNV-2. Conclusions: Comparative analysis of WNV-1 vs WNV-2 infection in humans, wild birds, and mosquitos showed a rapid expansion of WNV-1 and suggested that WNV-1 infected patients might have an increased risk to develop severe disease. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
ELETTRONICO |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/36331269; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000911014000001; journal:JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/874735; https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3462403; https://academic.oup.com/jtm/article/31/8/taac125/6798400?login=true |
| DOI: |
10.1093/jtm/taac125 |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/11577/3462403; https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taac125; https://academic.oup.com/jtm/article/31/8/taac125/6798400?login=true |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; license:Creative commons ; license uri:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.23CB3FE4 |
| Database: |
BASE |