| Title: |
Assessment of the Overall and Multidrug-Resistant Organism Bioburden on Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities |
| Authors: |
Shams, Alicia M.; Rose, Laura J.; Edwards, Jonathan R.; Cali, Salvatore; Harris, Anthony D.; Jacob, Jesse T.; LaFae, Anna; Pineles, Lisa L.; Thom, Kerri A.; McDonald, L. Clifford; Arduino, Matthew J.; Noble-Wang, Judith A. |
| Source: |
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology ; volume 37, issue 12, page 1426-1432 ; ISSN 0899-823X 1559-6834 |
| Publisher Information: |
Cambridge University Press (CUP) |
| Publication Year: |
2016 |
| Description: |
OBJECTIVE To determine the typical microbial bioburden (overall bacterial and multidrug-resistant organisms [MDROs]) on high-touch healthcare environmental surfaces after routine or terminal cleaning. DESIGN Prospective 2.5-year microbiological survey of large surface areas (>1,000 cm 2 ). SETTING MDRO contact-precaution rooms from 9 acute-care hospitals and 2 long-term care facilities in 4 states. PARTICIPANTS Samples from 166 rooms (113 routine cleaned and 53 terminal cleaned rooms). METHODS Using a standard sponge-wipe sampling protocol, 2 composite samples were collected from each room; a third sample was collected from each Clostridium difficile room. Composite 1 included the TV remote, telephone, call button, and bed rails. Composite 2 included the room door handle, IV pole, and overbed table. Composite 3 included toileting surfaces. Total bacteria and MDROs (ie, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE], Acinetobacter baumannii , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and C. difficile ) were quantified, confirmed, and tested for drug resistance. RESULTS The mean microbial bioburden and range from routine cleaned room composites were higher (2,700 colony-forming units [CFU]/100 cm 2 ; ≤1–130,000 CFU/100 cm 2 ) than from terminal cleaned room composites (353 CFU/100 cm 2 ; ≤1–4,300 CFU/100 cm 2 ). MDROs were recovered from 34% of routine cleaned room composites (range ≤1–13,000 CFU/100 cm 2 ) and 17% of terminal cleaned room composites (≤1–524 CFU/100 cm 2 ). MDROs were recovered from 40% of rooms; VRE was the most common (19%). CONCLUSIONS This multicenter bioburden summary provides a first step to determining microbial bioburden on healthcare surfaces, which may help provide a basis for developing standards to evaluate cleaning and disinfection as well as a framework for studies using an evidentiary hierarchy for environmental infection control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1426–1432 |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| DOI: |
10.1017/ice.2016.198 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2016.198; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0899823X16001987 |
| Rights: |
https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.27F5D69 |
| Database: |
BASE |