| Title: |
SOFIA FEEDBACK Survey: The Eagle Nebula in [C ii] and Molecular Lines |
| Authors: |
Ramsey L. Karim; Marc W. Pound; Alexander G.G.M. Tielens; Jelle S. Kaastra; Leisa K. Townsley; Patrick S. Broos; Maitraiyee Tiwari; Lars Bonne; Ümit Kavak; Mark G. Wolfire; Nicola Schneider; Robert Simon; Rolf Güsten; Jürgen Stutzki; Marc Mertens; Oliver Ricken; Friedrich Wyrowski; Lee G. Mundy |
| Source: |
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol 995, Iss 2, p 196 (2025) |
| Publisher Information: |
IOP Publishing |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
| Subject Terms: |
Photodissociation regions; Interstellar clouds; Stellar feedback; Astrophysics; QB460-466 |
| Description: |
We characterize the physical conditions and energy budget of the M16 H ii region using Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy FEEDBACK observations of the [C ii ] 158 μ m line. The O stars in the ∼10 ^4 M _⊙ NGC 6611 cluster powering this H ii region have blown at least two cavities into the giant molecular cloud: the large M16 cavity and the small N19 bubble. We detect the spectroscopic signature of an expanding photodissociation region shell toward N19, and traces of a thin, fragmented expanding shell toward M16. Our [C ii ] observations are resolved to 0.5 km s ^−1 and 15 $\mathop{.}\limits^{\unicode{x02033}}$ 5 and analyzed alongside similarly resolved CO J = 3–2 observations as well as archival data ranging from the radio to X-ray tracing a variety of gas phases spanning dense ∼10 K molecular gas, 10 ^4 K photoionized gas, and 1,000,000 K collisionally ionized plasma. With this dataset, we evaluate the coupling of energetic feedback from NGC 6611 and the O9 V star within N19 to the surrounding gas. Winds from NGC 6611 have blown a 20 pc radius cavity constrained in size along the major axis of the natal giant molecular filament, and much of the mechanical wind energy (>90%) has escaped through breaches in the ≲10 ^4 M _⊙ shell. Reservoirs of dense gas remain within a few parsecs of the cluster. N19, younger than M16 by ≳10 ^6 yr, is driven by a combination of mechanical wind energy and thermal pressure from photoionized gas and has swept up ∼10 ^3 M _⊙ into neutral atomic and molecular shells. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae17cc; https://doaj.org/toc/1538-4357; https://doaj.org/article/070ccdd23e9e4c4f94e3c462193c7232 |
| DOI: |
10.3847/1538-4357/ae17cc |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae17cc; https://doaj.org/article/070ccdd23e9e4c4f94e3c462193c7232 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.28F1ADF |
| Database: |
BASE |