| Title: |
Residual Maintenance Using Sodium Hypochlorite, Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, and Chlorine Dioxide in Laboratory Waters of Varying Turbidity |
| Authors: |
Gallandat, Karin; Stack, David; String, Gabrielle; Lantagne, Daniele |
| Publisher Information: |
MDPI AG |
| Publication Year: |
2019 |
| Collection: |
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine: LSHTM Research Online |
| Description: |
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are commonly used for household water treatment (HWT); chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a potential new HWT option. We compared the residual maintenance of NaOCl, NaDCC, and ClO2 over 24 hours using recommended dosages (2 and 4 mg/L) in waters of varying turbidity (0–300 NTU, from kaolin clay or creek-bottom sediments) and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations (0–100 mg/L), for a total of 324 reactors. NaOCl and NaDCC had similar free chlorine decay rates, and ClO2 decayed more rapidly across all of the tested conditions. Little variability was observed across clay-based turbidity levels and TOC concentrations. With a dosage of 2 mg/L, a residual ≥0.2 mg/L was maintained at 30 NTU for NaOCl and 100 NTU for NaDCC; for ClO2, 4 mg/L were required to maintain ≥0.2 mg/L under all conditions except at zero turbidity. Comparisons with data from the literature suggest that the three compounds would inactivate E. coli, rotavirus, and Giardia cysts within 1 hour under all conditions, except 300 NTU for NaOCl and NaDCC. All three disinfectants are similarly efficacious for this usage; however, differences are seen in decay rates that may influence disinfectant selection depending on water storage time. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
text |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4653508/1/Water_Gallandat_2019_pub.pdf; Gallandat, Karin ORCID logo; Stack, David; String, GabrielleORCID logo; and Lantagne, Daniele (2019) Residual Maintenance Using Sodium Hypochlorite, Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, and Chlorine Dioxide in Laboratory Waters of Varying Turbidity. Water, 11 (6). p. 1309. DOI:10.3390/w11061309 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/w11061309 |
| Availability: |
https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4653508/; https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/4653508/1/Water_Gallandat_2019_pub.pdf; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11061309 |
| Rights: |
cc_by |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.29A805E3 |
| Database: |
BASE |