| Title: |
Global, regional, and national progress towards the 2030 global nutrition targets and forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| Authors: |
Arndt, Michael Benjamin; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abidi, Hassan; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abtew, Yonas Derso; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Adamu, Kidist; Adane, Denberu Eshetie; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afrashteh, Fatemeh; Afzal, Saira; Agodi, Antonella; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Luai A A; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akonde, Maxwell; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al Thaher, Yazan; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alhabib, Khalid F; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Syed Shujait; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Almustanyir, Sami; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Al-Tammemi, Alaa B; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amiri, Sohrab; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Anagaw, Tadele Fentabel Fentabil; Ancuceanu, Robert; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anvari, Davood; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Ariffin, Hany; Aripov, Timur; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryastami, Ni Ketut; Asaad, Malke; Asemi, Zatollah; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atomsa, Gamechu Hunde; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Aujayeb, Avinash; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azevedo, Rui M S; B, Darshan B; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L; Balasubramanian, Madhan; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Banach, Maciej; Banik, Palash Chandra; Barchitta, Martina; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barr, Ronald D; Barrow, Amadou; Barua, Lingkan; Bashiri, Azadeh; Baskaran, Pritish; Basu, Saurav; Bekele, Alehegn; Belay, Sefealem Assefa; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bell, Shelly L; Belo, Luis; Bennett, Derrick A; Bensenor, Isabela M; Beressa, Girma; Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C; Beyene, Habtamu B; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharjee, Natalia V; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A; Bitaraf, Saeid; Bodolica, Virginia; Bonakdar Hashemi, Milad; Braithwaite, Dejana; Butt, Muhammad Hammad; Butt, Zahid A; Calina, Daniela; Cámera, Luis Alberto; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Cao, Chao; Cárdenas, Rosario; Carvalho, Márcia; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A; Catapano, Alberico L; Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia; Cembranel, Francieli; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chalek, Julian; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chauhan, Kirti; Chien, Ju-Huei; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Claro, Rafael M; Columbus, Alyssa; Cortese, Samuele; Cruz-Martins, Natalia; Dabo, Bashir; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; D'Amico, Emanuele; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darban, Isaac; Darmstadt, Gary L; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; Darwish, Amira Hamed; Das, Jai K; Das, Saswati; Davletov, Kairat; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; Debele, Aklilu Tamire; Demeke, Dessalegn; Demissie, Solomon; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dias da Silva, Diana; Diaz, Daniel; Diress, Mengistie; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doaei, Saeid; Dongarwar, Deepa; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Edalati, Sareh; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elgendy, Islam Y; Elhadi, Muhammed; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Eshetu, Habitu Birhan; Espinosa-Montero, Juan; Esubalew, Habtamu; Etaee, Farshid; Etafa, Werku; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich; Falzone, Luca; Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá; Farmer, Sam; Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Feigin, Valery L; Feizkhah, Alireza; Feng, Xiaoqi; Ferrara, Pietro; Fetensa, Getahun; Fischer, Florian; Fitzgerald, Ryan; Flood, David; Foigt, Nataliya A; Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin; Fowobaje, Kayode Raphael; Franklin, Richard Charles; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gadanya, Muktar A; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaihre, Santosh; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Galali, Yaseen; Galehdar, Nasrin; Gardner, William M; Garg, Priyanka; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Gerema, Urge; Getacher, Lemma; Getachew, Motuma Erena; Getawa, Solomon; Ghaffari, Kazem; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad; Ghassemi, Fariba; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Gholami, Ali; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Ghozy, Sherief; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Gill, Tiffany K; Glasbey, James C; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Goudarzi, Houman; Grivna, Michal; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Guha, Avirup; Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga; Gupta, Anish Kumar; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Rahul; Gupta, Sapna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Hagins, Hailey; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Handal, Alexis J; Hanif, Asif; Hankey, Graeme J; Harapan, Harapan; Hargono, Arief; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I; Hasan, Md Mehedi; Hasani, Hamidreza; Hashi, Abdiwahab; Hassanipour, Soheil; Havmoeller, Rasmus J; Hay, Simon I; Hayat, Khezar; He, Jiawei; Heidari-Foroozan, Mahsa; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hessami, Kamran; Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba; Hezam, Kamal; Hiraike, Yuta; Holla, Ramesh; Hoogar, Praveen; Hossain, Sheikh Jamal; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hoveidamanesh, Soodabeh; Huang, Junjie; Humphrey, Kyle Matthew; Hussain, Salman; Hussien, Foziya Mohammed; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Iacoviello, Licia; Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iravanpour, Farideh; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islami, Farhad; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie Declan; J, Linda Merin; Jacob, Louis; Jahrami, Haitham; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jamshidi, Elham; Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar; Jayanna, Krishnamurthy; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jebai, Rime; Jema, Alelign Tasew; Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh; Jonas, Jost B; Joseph, Abel; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Jürisson, Mikk; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Ali; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kamal, Vineet Kumar; Kamble, Bhushan Dattatray; Kandel, Himal; Kapoor, Neeti; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Katoto, Patrick DMC; Kauppila, Joonas H; Kaur, Harkiran; Kayode, Gbenga A; Kebede, Worku Misganaw; Kebira, Jemal Yusuf; Keflie, Tibebeselassie S; Kerr, Jessica A; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalid, Nauman; Khammarnia, Mohammad; Khan, M Nuruzzaman; Khan, Moien AB; Khan, Taimoor; Khan, Yusra H; Khanali, Javad; Khanmohammadi, Shaghayegh; Khatab, Khaled; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khateri, Sorour; Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli; Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kifle, Zemene Demelash; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kimokoti, Ruth W; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kompani, Farzad; Kondlahalli, Shivakumar KM Marulasiddaiah; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Korzh, Oleksii; Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Vijay; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kuddus, Mohammed; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, Nithin; Kurmanova, Almagul; Kurmi, Om P; Kusuma, Dian; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lacey, Ben; Lal, Dharmesh Kumar; Larsson, Anders O; Latief, Kamaluddin; Ledda, Caterina; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Lenzi, Jacopo; Li, Ming-Chieh; Li, Wei; Ligade, Virendra S; Lim, Stephen S; Lindstedt, Paulina A; Lo, Chun-Han; Lo, Justin; Lodha, Rakesh; Loreche, Arianna Maever; Lorenzovici, László; Lorkowski, Stefan; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Madureira-Carvalho, Áurea M; Mahajan, Preetam Bhalchandra; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Malakan Rad, Elaheh; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Manguerra, Helena; Marjani, Abdoljalal; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Masrie, Awoke; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maugeri, Andrea; Mazaheri, Maryam; Mediratta, Rishi P; Mehndiratta, Man Mohan; Melaku, Yohannes Adama; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G; Mensah, George A; Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miller, Ted R; Mini, GK; Mirghafourvand, Mojgan; Mirica, Andreea; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M; Mirza, Moonis; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohseni, Mohammad; Mokdad, Ali H; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi, Yousef; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mougin, Vincent; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Munblit, Daniel; Murillo-Zamora, Efren; Murray, Christopher J L; Mustafa, Ghulam; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nangia, Vinay; Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas; Natto, Zuhair S; Naveed, Muhammad; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria; Nguefack-Tsague, Georges; Ngunjiri, Josephine W; Nguyen, Phuong The; Nguyen, QuynhAnh P; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nnaji, Chukwudi A; Noor, Nurulamin M; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Nurrika, Dieta; Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka; Oancea, Bogdan; Obamiro, Kehinde O; Oghenetega, Onome Bright; Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okello, Daniel Micheal; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Olagunju, Andrew T; Olana, Diriba Dereje; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Ong, Sok King; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V; Ortiz, Alberto; Ostojic, Sergej M; Otoiu, Adrian; Oumer, Abdu; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pana, Adrian; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Anamika; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R; Papadopoulou, Paraskevi; Pardhan, Shahina; Pasovic, Maja; Patel, Jay; Pathan, Aslam Ramjan; Paudel, Deepak; Pawar, Shrikant; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Pereira, Gavin; Pereira, Marcos; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Plakkal, Nishad; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Radfar, Amir; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raggi, Catalina; Raghav, Pankaja; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Azizur; Rahman, Md Mosfequr; Rahman, Md Obaidur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rahmanian, Vahid; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Raimondo, Ivano; Rajaa, Sathish; Rajput, Prashant; Ram, Pradhum; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rao, Chythra R; Rao, Indu Ramachandra; Rao, Sowmya J; Rasali, Drona Prakash; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Redwan, Elrashdy M Moustafa Mohamed; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Rengasamy, Kannan RR; Renzaho, Andre M N; Rezaee, Malihe; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Riad, Abanoub; Rickard, Jennifer; Rodriguez, Alina; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rohloff, Peter; Roy, Bedanta; Rwegerera, Godfrey M; S N, Chandan; Saad, Aly M A; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Sabour, Siamak; Sachdeva Dhingra, Mamta; Saddik, Basema Ahmad; Sadeghi, Erfan; Sadeghi, Malihe; Sadeghian, Saeid; Saeed, Umar; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar; Safi, Sher Zaman; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Harihar; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Salem, Marwa Rashad; Samy, Abdallah M; Sanabria, Juan; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Sankararaman, Senthilkumar; Santos, Itamar S; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer; Sargazi, Saman; Sarikhani, Yaser; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sawhney, Monika; Saya, Ganesh Kumar; Sayeed, Abu; Scarmeas, Nikolaos; Schlaich, Markus P; Schneider, Rachel D; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Serban, Dragos; Seylani, Allen; Shafie, Mahan; Shah, Pritik A; Shahbandi, Ataollah; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shama, Adisu Tafari T; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Shanawaz, Mohd; Sharew, Mequannent Melaku; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Shiri, Rahman; Shivarov, Velizar; Shorofi, Seyed Afshin; Shuval, Kerem; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Singh, Jasvinder A; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Surjit; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Smith, Amanda E; Solomon, Yonatan; Song, Yi; Sorensen, Reed J D; Stanaway, Jeffrey D; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Suleman, Muhammad; Sun, Jing; Sunuwar, Dev Ram; Szeto, Mindy D; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabatabai, Shima; Taheri Soodejani, Moslem; Tamuzi, Jacques Lukenze JL; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tarigan, Ingan Ukur; Tariku, Zerihun; Tariqujjaman, Md; Tarkang, Elvis Enowbeyang; Tat, Nathan Y; Taye, Birhan Tsegaw; Taylor, Heather Jean; Tefera, Yibekal Manaye; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Teramoto, Masayuki; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Thapar, Rekha; Thiyagarajan, Arulmani; Thrift, Amanda G; Tichopad, Ales; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tillawi, Tala; Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer; Tonelli, Marcello; Topor-Madry, Roman; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc; Ullah, Sana; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Ushula, Tolassa Wakayo; Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad; Vakilian, Alireza; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel; Valizadeh, Rohollah; Van den Eynde, Jef; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Verma, Madhur; Veroux, Massimiliano; Vervoort, Dominique; Vlassov, Vasily; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vukovic, Rade; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wassie, Molla Mesele; Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan; Wei, Melissa Y; Werdecker, Andrea; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wolde, Asrat Arja; Wubetie, Gedif Ashebir; Wulandari, Ratna Dwi; Xu, Rongbin; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yadav, Lalit; Yamagishi, Kazumasa; Yang, Lin; Yano, Yuichiro; Yaya, Sanni; Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh; Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad; Yiğit, Arzu; Yiğit, Vahit; Yon, Dong Keon; Yu, Chuanhua; Yuan, Chun-Wei; Zamagni, Giulia; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zanghì, Aurora; Zangiabadian, Moein; Zare, Iman; Zastrozhin, Michael; Zigler, Bethany; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zou, Zhiyong; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Reiner, Robert C |
| Contributors: |
Arndt, Michael Benjamin; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgi; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Abdelmasseh, Michael; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abidi, Hassan; Abiodun, Olumide; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Abtew, Yonas Derso; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen ME; Acuna, Juan Manuel; Adamu, Kidist; Adane, Denberu Eshetie; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Adeyinka, Daniel Adedayo; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Afrashteh, Fatemeh; Afzal, Saira; Agodi, Antonella; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmed, Ali; Ahmed, Luai A A; Ajami, Marjan; Aji, Budi; Akbarialiabad, Hossein; Akonde, Maxwell; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al Thaher, Yazan; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Alhabib, Khalid F; Alhassan, Robert Kaba; Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir; Ali, Syed Shujait; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M; Almustanyir, Sami; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Al-Tammemi, Alaa B; Altirkawi, Khalid A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Amin, Tarek Tawfik; Amiri, Sohrab; Amu, Hubert; Amugsi, Dickson A; Anagaw, Tadele Fentabel Fentabil; Ancuceanu, Robert; Angappan, Dhanalakshmi; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antriyandarti, Ernoiz; Anvari, Davood; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Arabloo, Jalal; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y; Ariffin, Hany; Aripov, Timur; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryastami, Ni Ketut; Asaad, Malke; Asemi, Zatollah; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Astell-Burt, Thoma; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atomsa, Gamechu Hunde; Atorkey, Prince; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Aujayeb, Avinash; Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azevedo, Rui M S; B, Darshan B; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L; Balasubramanian, Madhan; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Banach, Maciej; Banik, Palash Chandra; Barchitta, Martina; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barr, Ronald D; Barrow, Amadou |
| Publication Year: |
2024 |
| Collection: |
IRIS Università degli Studi di Bologna (CRIS - Current Research Information System) |
| Subject Terms: |
Global Nutrition Targets 2030; Malnutrition; Micronutrient Deficiencie; Stunting; Wasting; Overweight; Obesity; Global Burden of Disease Study 2021; Forecasting; Public Health Policy |
| Description: |
Background: The six global nutrition targets (GNTs) related to low birthweight, exclusive breastfeeding, child growth (ie, wasting, stunting, and overweight), and anaemia among females of reproductive age were chosen by the World Health Assembly in 2012 as key indicators of maternal and child health, but there has yet to be a comprehensive report on progress for the period 2012 to 2021. We aimed to evaluate levels, trends, and observed-to-expected progress in prevalence and attributable burden from 2012 to 2021, with prevalence projections to 2050, in 204 countries and territories. Methods: The prevalence and attributable burden of each target indicator were estimated by age group, sex, and year in 204 countries and territories from 2012 to 2021 in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, the most comprehensive assessment of causes of death, disability, and risk factors to date. Country-specific relative performance to date was evaluated with a Bayesian meta-regression model that compares prevalence to expected values based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of societal development status. Target progress was forecasted from 2021 up to 2050 by modelling past trends with meta-regression using a combination of key quantities and then extrapolating future projections of those quantities. Findings: In 2021, a few countries had already met some of the GNTs: five for exclusive breastfeeding, four for stunting, 96 for child wasting, and three for child overweight, and none met the target for low birthweight or anaemia in females of reproductive age. Since 2012, the annualised rates of change (ARC) in the prevalence of child overweight increased in 201 countries and territories and ARC in the prevalence of anaemia in females of reproductive age decreased considerably in 26 countries. Between 2012 and 2021, SDI was strongly associated with indicator prevalence, apart from exclusive breastfeeding (|r-|=0·46-0·86). Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa had a decrease ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
ELETTRONICO |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/39667386; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001399993900001; volume:404; issue:10471; firstpage:2543; lastpage:2583; numberofpages:41; journal:THE LANCET; https://hdl.handle.net/11585/999598; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067362401821X?via=ihub |
| DOI: |
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01821-x |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/11585/999598; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01821-x; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067362401821X?via=ihub |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.33C2210F |
| Database: |
BASE |