Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
| Title: | Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 |
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| Authors: | Murray, Christopher J. L.; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zimsen, Stephanie M.; Thou, Maigeng; Zhang, Kai; Zhang, Hao; Zhang, Anthony Lin; Zavala-Arciniega, Luis; Zamani, Mohammad; Bin Zaman, Sojib; Zaidi, Zoubida; Yu, Chuanhua; Yousefifard, Mahmoud; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yotebieng, Marcel; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yisma, Engida; Yip, Paul; Yimer, Ebrahim M.; Yeshanely, Alex; Yasin, Jemal Yasin; Yaseri, Mehdi; Yano, Yuichiro; Yan, Lijing L.; Yamada, Tomohide; Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh; Yadollahpour, Ali; Yadgir, Simon; Xu, Gelin; Xavier, Denis; Wu, Shoaling; Wong, Tien Yin; Wolfe, Charles D. A.; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Wiyeh, Alison B.; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Wijeratne, Tissa; Widecka, Justyna; Whiteford, Harvey A.; Westerman, Ronny; West, J. Jason; Weiknah, Adhena Ayaliew; Werdecker, Andrea; Weldegebreal, Fitsum; Weintraub, Robert G.; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Wang, Yuan-Pang; Wang, Yanping; Wang, Yafeng; Walson, Judd L.; Waller, Stephen G.; Waheed, Yasir; Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw; Vujcic, Isidora S.; Vu, Giang Thu; Vbsoughi, Kia; Vos, Theo; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vlassov, Vasily; Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch; Violante, Francesco S.; Villafaina, Santos; Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy; Venkateswaran, Vidhya; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Varughese, Santosh; Varavikova, Elena; Van Donkelaar, Aaron; Valdez, Pascual R.; Vaezi, Afsane; Vaduganathan, Mutblab; Uthman, Olalekan A.; Usman, Muhammad Shariq; Updike, Rachel L.; Ullah, Irfan; Ukwaja, Kingsley N.; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Tuzcu, E. Murat; Car, Lorainne Tudor; Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel; Nu Thi Truong; Truelsen, Thomas Clement; Tran, Khanh Baca; Tran, Bach Xuan; Towbin, Jeffrey A.; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Touvier, Mathilde; Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel; Torre, Anna E.; Topor-Madry, Roman; Tonelli, Marcello; Tobollik, Myriarn; To, Quyen G.; Tillmana, Taavi; Tilahun, Binyam; Thurston, George D.; Thomas, Nihal; Thomas, Matthew Lloyd; Thomas, Hannah J.; Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish; Theis, Andrew; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu; Tessema, Belay; Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman; Temsah, Omar; Temsah, Mohamad-Rani; Temesgen, Habtamu; Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin; Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wandey; Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Taveira, Nuno; Tavakkoli, Mohammad; Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel; Tandon, Nikhil; Takahashi, Ken; Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael; Szoeke, Cassandra E. I.; Sykes, Bryan I.; Sur, Patrick John; Sunguya, Bruno F.; Sulo, Gerhard; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sudaryanto, Agus; Subart, Michelle L.; Sturua, Lela; Stokes, Mark A.; Stockfelt, Leo; Stevanovic, Goran; Stein, Murray B.; Stein, Dan J.; Steckling, Nadine; Starodubow, Vladimir I.; Srinivasan, Vinay; Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T.; Sposato, Luciano A.; Spinelli, Angela; Soyiri, Ireneous N.; Soriano, Joan B.; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Soofi, Moslem; Somayaji, Ranjani; Sobhani, Soheila; Sobaih, Badr Hasan; Smith, Mari; Smith, David L.; Skirbekk, Vegard; Skiadaresi, Eirini; Sinha, Dhirendra Narain; Singh, Virendra; Singh, Narinder Pal; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves; Silva, Joao Pedro; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig; Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora; Siddiqi, Tariq J.; Sibai, Abla Mehio; Siabani, Soraya; Si, Si; Shupler, Matthew S.; Shrime, Mark G.; Shoman, Haitham; Shokraneh, Farhad; Shiue, Ivy; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shirt, Rahman; Shin, Min-Jeong; Shigematsu, Mika; Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay; Shibuya, Kenji; Shi, Peilin; Sheikh, Aziz; She, Jun; Sharma, Rajesh; Sharma, Meenakshi; Sharma, Jayendra; Sharifi, Hamid; Sharif-Alhoseini, Matadi; Sharif, Mehdi; Sharafi, Kiomairs; Sharafi, Heidar; Shamsi, Mohammadbagher; Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran; Levy, Teresa Slaamah; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shaheen, Amira A.; Shahbazi, Mehdi; Shafieesabet, Azadeh; Shaddick, Gavin; Shabaninejad, Hosein; Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba; Servan-Mori, Edson; Serre, Marc L.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sekerija, Mario; Seedat, Soraya; Scott, James G.; Schwendicke, Falk; Schwehel, David C.; Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth; Schottker, Ben; Schneider, Ione J. C.; Schmidt, Maria Ines; Schaeffner, Elke; Sayyah, Mehdi; Saylan, Mete; Sawhney, Monika; Sawant, Arundhati R.; Satpathy, Maheswar; Sathian, Brifesh; Sarvi, Shahabeddin; Sartorius, Benn; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo; Sacker, Abdur Razzaque; Sardana, Mayank; Jose, Bruno Piassi Sao; Milicevic, Milena M. Santric; Santos, Joao Vasco; Santos, Itamar S.; Santomauro, Damian Francesco; Sang, Yingying; Sanders, Taren; Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G.; Sanchez-Nino, Maria Dolores; Sanabria, Juan; Samy, Abdullah M.; Satz, Inbal; Salvi, Devashri Digvijay; Salomon, Joshua A.; Salimeadeh, Hamideh; Salimi, Yahya; Saleem, Zikria; Salamati, Payman; Salam, Nasir; Sajadi, Haniye Sadat; Sahraian, Mohammad Ali; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sagar, Rajesh; Safiri, Saeid; Safi, Sare; Safdarian, Mandi; Safari-Faramani, Roya; Safari, Yahya; Safari, Hosein; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Sadeghi, Ehsan; Saddik, Basema; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Rushton, Lesley; Rubagotti, Enrico; Roy, Ambuj; Rothenbacher, Dietrich; Roth, Gregory A.; Rostami, Ali; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Ronfani, Luca; Roman, Yesenia; Roever, Leonardo; Rodrigues-Ramirez, Sonia; Roba, Kedir Teji; Rivera, Juan A.; Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P.; Rezaei, Satar; Reynales-Shigematsu, Luz Myriam; Resnikoff, Serge; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Reitsma, Marissa B.; Reiner, Robert C.; Rehm, Jurgen; Rehm, Colin D.; Reddy, K. Srinath; Rawaf, Salman; Rawaf, David Laith; Rath, Goura Kishor; Ranjan, Prabhat; Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal; Ram, Usha; Raju, Sree Bhushan; Rajsic, Sasa; Rajati, Fatemeh; Rai, Rajesh Kumar; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi, Zohreh; Rahim, Fakher; Rafiei, Alireza; Rafay, Anwar; Radfar, Amir; Qorbani, Mostafa; Purwar, Manorama B.; Purcell, Caroline A.; Prasad, Narayan; Prakash, Swayam; Prabhakaran, Dorairal; Poustchi, Hossein; Pourshams, Akram; Poulton, Richie; Postma, Maarten J.; Polkinghorne, Kevan R.; Polinder, Suzanne; Plass, Dietrich; Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer; Pishgar, Farhad; Pischon, Tobias; Pirsaheb, Meghdad; Piradov, Michael A.; Pillay, Julian David; Phillips, Michael R.; Hai Quang Pham; Petzold, Max; Pesudovs, Konrad; Perico, Norberto; Pereira, David M.; Pereira, Alexandre; Pearce, Neil; Ballesteros, Wayra Citlali Paz; Paulson, Katherine R.; Paudel, Deepak; Patton, George C.; Patle, Ajay; Patil, Snehal T.; Pati, Sanghamitra; Patel, Shanti; Parisian, Hadi; Parry, Charles D. H.; Park, Eun-Kee; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pana, Adrian; Pakpour, Amir H.; Pakhare, Abhijit P.; Pacella, Mahesh P. A. Rosana; Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo; Overland, Simon; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Ota, Erika; Ortiz, Alberto; Orpana, Heather M.; Oren, Eyal; Ong, Sok King; Ong, Kanyin L.; Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun; Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola; Olsen, Helen Elizabeth; Olivares, Pedro R.; Olagunju, Tinuke O.; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Oladimeji, Olanrewaju; Oh, In-Hwan; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Ofori-Asenso, Richard; Odell, Christopher M.; Obermeyer, Carla M.; Nyasulu, Peter S.; Nsoesie, Elaine O.; Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza; Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour; Nouri, Hamid Reza; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Norrving, Bo; Noroozi, Mehdi; Norheim, Ole F.; Nomura, Shuhei; Nojomi, Marzieh; Nixon, Molly R.; Nishi, Nobuo; Nirayo, Yirga Legesse; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nie, Jing; Nichols, Emma; Nam Ba Nguyen; Minh Nguyen; Huong Thanh Nguyen; Huong Lan Thi Nguyen; Ha Thu Nguyen; Nguyen, Grant; Anh Quynh Nguyen; Ngunjiri, Josephine V.; Newton, Charles Richard James; Neupane, Subas; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Negoi, Iona T.; Neamati, Nahid; Neal, Bruce; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos; Nansseu, Jobert Richie; Nangia, Vinay; Najafi, Farid; Naik, Nitish; Naik, Gurudatta; Nahvijou, Azin; Naheed, Aliya; Naghavi, Mohsen; Nabhan, Ashraf F.; Mustafa, Ghulam; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Muller, Kate; Mukhopadhyay, Satinath; Muhammed, Oumer Sada; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Muchie, Kindle Fentahun; Muche, Achenef Asmamaw; Mruts, Kalayu Brhane; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam; Mouodi, Simin; Moschos, Marilita M.; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morgado-Da-Costa, Joana; Morawska, Lidia; Moraga, Paula; Moradinazar, Mehdi; Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar; Moradi, Ghobad; Moodley, Yoshan; Monasta, Lorenzo; Momeniha, Fatemeh; Molokhia, Mariam; Mokdad, Ali H.; Mohebi, Farnam; Mohammed, Shafiu; Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadi, Moslem; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohajer, Bahram; Moazen, Babak; Mitiku, Habtamu; Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirica, Andreea; Mirarefin, Mojde; Mini, G. K.; Miller-Petrie, Molly Katherine; Miller, Ted R.; Millear, Anoushka I.; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Meretoja, Tuomo J.; Meretola, Atte; Mereta, Seid Tiku; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Mensah, George A.; Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese; Mendoza, Walter; Memish, Ziad A.; Memiah, Peter T. N.; Melku, Mulugeta; Melese, Addisu; Melaku, Yohannes A.; Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew; Meier, Toni; Mehta, Varshil; Mehta, Kala M.; Mehrotra, Ravi; McKee, Martin; McGrath, John J.; McAlinden, Cohn; Mazidi, Mohsen; Maulik, Pallab K.; Matsushita, Kunihiro; Mathur, Prashant; Mathur, Manu Rai; Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard; Marzan, Melvin B.; Marz, Winfried; Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio; Martins, Sheila C.; Martin, Randall V.; Marks, Ashley; Marcenes, Wagner; Maravilla, Joemer C.; Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Manguerra, Helena; Manda, Ana-Laura; Mamum, Abdullah A.; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Malekzadeh, Reza; Majeed, Azeem; Majdzadeh, Reza; Majdan, Marek; Mai, Hue Thi; Madotto, Fabiana; Machado, Isis Eloah; Macarayan, Erlyn Rachele King; Ma, Stefan; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lucas, Tim C. D.; Lozano, Rafael; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lopez, Alan D.; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lodha, Rakesh; Liu, Shiwei; Linn, Shai; Lim, Lee-Ling; Liben, Misgan Legesse; Lian, Yu; Liang, Xiaofeng; Liang, Juan; Li, Yichong; Li, Shanshan; Lewycka, Sonia; Levi, Miriam; Leung, Janni; Leshargie, Chem Tesema; Leili, Mostafa; Leigh, James; Lee, Paul H.; Lazarus, Jeffrey V.; Latifi, Arman; Larson, Samantha Leigh; Lansingh, Van C.; Lang, Justin J.; Lami, Faris Hasan; Lallukka, Tea; Lalloo, Ratilal; Lafranconi, Alessandra; Lad, Sheetal D.; Lad, Deepesh P.; Lachat, Carl; Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe; Kuzin, Igor; Kumar, Manasi; Kumar, G. Anil; Bicer, Burcu Kucuk; Defo, Barthelemy Kuate; Kromhout, Hans; Krohn, Kristopher J.; Krishan, Kewal; Kravchenko, Michael A.; Koyanagi, Ai; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Kosen, Soewarta; Kopec, Jacek A.; Kolola, Tufa; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kochhar, Sonali; Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo; Knibbs, Luke D.; Kivimaki, Mika; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kisa, Adnan; Kinfh, Yohannes; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kim, Yun Jin; Kim, Young-Eun; Kim, Daniel; Kim, Cho-Il; Kiirithio, Daniel N.; Kiadaliri, Aliasghar A.; Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein; Khosravi, Ardeshir; Khoja, Abdullah T.; Khazaie, Habibolah; Khazaei, Mohammad; Khater, Mona M.; Khang, Young-Ho; Khan, Muhammad Ali; Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khalil, Ibrahim A.; Khalid, Nauman; Khajavi, Alireza; Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif; Khafaei, Behzad; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Kesavachandran, Chandrasekharan Nair; Keren, Andre; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Kemp, Grant Rodgers; Keiyoro, Peter Njenga; Kefale, Adane Teshome; Karyani, Ali Kazemi; Kazemi, Zhila; Kawakami, Norito; Kaul, Anil; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kassebaum, Nicholas J.; Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale; Kassa, Getachew Mullu; Kassa, Dessalegn H.; Kasaeian, Amir; Karimi, Seyed M.; Karimi, Narges; Karema, Corine; Karch, Andre; Matin, Behzad Karami; Karami, Manoochehr; Kar, Chittaranjan; Kant, Surya; Kanchan, Tanuj; Kalani, Rizwan; Kahsay, Amaha; Kabir, Zubair; Jurisson, Mikk; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Joshi, Ankur; Shushtari, Zahra Jorjoran; Jonnagaddala, Jitendra; Jonas, Jost B.; Ji, John S.; Jha, Vivekanand; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jeemon, Panniyammakal; Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra; Jassal, Simerjot K.; James, Spencer L.; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo; Jain, Sudhir Kumar; Jahanmehr, Nader; Jahangiry, Leila; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Jackson, Maria D.; Islami, Farhad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter; Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi; Iqbal, Usman; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ikeda, Nayu; Iburg, Kim Moesgaard; Huynh, Chantal K.; Hussen, Mamusha Aman; Huang, John J.; Ha, Howard; Hu, Guoqing; Hsiao, Thomas; Hsairi, Mohamed; Hoy, Damian G.; Hostiuc, Sorin; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hosseini, Seyed Mostafa; Hosgood, H. Dean; Hoogar, Praveen; Rad, Enayatollah Homaie; Hole, Michael K.; Hoffiman, Howard J.; Hoek, Hans W.; Hilawe, Esayas Haregot; Higazi, Tarig B.; Hibstu, Desalegn T.; Heydarpour, Sousan; Heydarpour, Fatemeh; Herteliu, C.; Heredia-Pi, Ileana; Henok, Andualem; Hendrie, Delia; Heidari, Mohsen; Heidari, Behnam; Heibati, Behzad; Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Akbar; Hay, Simon I.; Hawley, Caitlin N.; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hassen, Hamid Yimam; Hassankhani, Hadi; Haro, Josep Maria; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai; Harb, Hilda L.; Liao, Yuantao; Hankey, Graeme J.; Handal, Alexis J.; Hamidi, Samer; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Haj-Mirzaian, Arya; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa; Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa; Hagos, Tekleberhan B.; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hachinski, Vladimir; Habtewold, Tesfa Dejenie; Haagsma, Juanita A.; Gutierrez-Torres, Daniela S.; Gutierrez, Reyna Alma; Gupta, Tanush; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Rahul; Guo, Yuming; Gugnani, Hanish Chander; Grosso, Giuseppe; Grams, Morgan E.; Grada, Ayman; Goulart, Alessandra C.; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gona, Philimon N.; Gomez-Dantes, Hector; Goli, Srinivas; Godwin, William W.; Gnedovskaya, Elena V.; Giussani, Giorgia; Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed; Gillum, Richard F.; Gill, Tiffany K.; Gill, Paramjit Singh; Giampaoli, Simona; Ghoshal, Aloke Gopal; Ghosh, Rakesh; Ghimire, Mamata; Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam; Falavarjani, Khalil Ghasemi; Ghadiri, Keyghobad; Ghadimi, Reza; Geese, Kebede Embaye; Gething, Peter W.; Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Gelano, Tilayie Feto; Gebremichael, Teklu Gebrehiwo; Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay; Gebre, Abadi Kahsu; Gardner, William Ni; Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L.; Ganji, Morsaleh; Gamkrelidze, Amiran; Gallus, Silvan; Gall, Seana; Futran, Neal D.; Furtado, Joao M.; Furst, Thomas; Fullman, Nancy; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Foreman, Kyle J.; Foigt, Nataliya A.; Fischer, Florian; Finger, Jonas David; Filip, Irina; Ferreira, Manuela L.; Ferrari, Alize J.; Ferrara, Giannina; Fernandes, Joao C.; Fernandes, Eduarda; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Feigl, Andrea B.; Feigin, Valery L.; Fazaeli, Ali Akbar; Fay, Kairsten A.; Fatima, Batool; Farzaei, Mohammad Hosein; Farvid, Maryam S.; Faro, Andre; Farioli, Andrea; Farinha, Carla Sofia E. Sa; Farid, Talha A.; Fareed, Mohammad; Faramarzi, Mahbobeh; Fakhim, Hamed; Estep, Kara; Esteghamati, Alireza; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Erskine, Holly E.; Er, Benjamin; Endries, Aman Yesuf; Enayati, Ahmadali; Elyazar, Iqbal Rf; El-Khatib, Iad; El Bcheraoui, Charbel; Eggen, Anne Elise; Elfiong, Andem; Edvardsson, David; Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Ebert, Natalie; Duraes, Andre R.; Duncan, Bruce B.; Duken, Eyasu Ejeta; Dubljanin, Eleonora; Dubey, Manisha; Driscoll, Tim R.; La Doyle, Kerrie; Doku, David Teye; Dokova, Klara; Huyen Phoc Do; Djalalinia, Shirin; Diro, Helen Derara; Ding, Eric L.; Dinberu, Mesfin Tadese; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda; Dey, Subhojit; Deveber, Gabrielle Aline; Dessie, Getenet Ayalew; Jarlais, Don C. Des; Deshpande, Aniruddha; Dervenis, Nikolaos; Deribe, Kebede; Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar; Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam; Dellavalle, Robert P.; Deiparine, Selina; Degenhardt, Louisa; De Neve, Jan-Walter; De Leo, Diego; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; De la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa; Davletov, Kairat; Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil; Dash, Aditya Prasad; Dasa, Tamirat Tesfaye; Das Neves, Jose; Das Gupta, Rajat; Daryani, Ahmed; Dargan, Paul I.; Darby, Sarah C.; Dandona, Rakhi; Dandona, Lalit; Damasceno, Alberti Antonio Moura; Dadi, Abel Fekadu; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Daba, Alenmeh Kabeta; Cundiff, David K.; Cromwell, Elizabeth A.; Criqui, Michael H.; Cousin, Ewerton; Costa, Megan; Cortinovis, Monica; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Cornaby, Leslie; Coresh, Josef; Cooper, Owen R.; Cooper, Cyrus; Collado-Mateo, Daniel; Cohen, Aaron J.; Grillo, Massimo; Cicuttini, Flavia M.; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Christensen, Hanne; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Choi, Jee-Young J.; Chitheer, Abdulaal; Chin, Ken Lee; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia; Chew, Adrienne; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Chee, Miao Li; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chattopadhyay, Aparajita; Charlson, Fiona J.; Chang, Kai-Lan; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chang, Hying-Ti; Chaiah, Yazan; Cerin, Ester; Cercy, Kelly M.; Causey, Kate; Catala-Lopez, Ferran; Castro, Franz; Rivas, Jacqueline Castillo; Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Carvalho, Felix; Carrero, Juan J.; Carreras, Giulia; Cardenas, Rosario; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero; Cahill, Leah E.; Butt, Zahid A.; Busse, Reinhard; Burnett, Richard T.; Buchbindet, Rachelle; Brugha, Traolach; Britton, Gabrielle; Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich; Brenner, Hermann; Breitborde, Nicholas J. K.; Brazinova, Alexandra; Brauer, Michael; Brady, Oliver J.; Bourne, Rupert; Boufous, Soufiane; Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R.; Borschmann, Rohan; Bleyer, Archie; Blacker, Brigette F.; Bjorge, Tone; Biswas, Tuhin; Bisanzio, Donal; Bin Sayeed, Muhamad Shandaat; Bililign, Nigus; Bilano, Ver; Bikbov, Boris; Bijani, Ali; Biadgo, Belete; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bhattarai, Suraj; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhala, Neeraj; Beyranvand, Tina; Beuran, Mircea; Bemstein, Robert S.; Bemabe, Eduardo; Berhane, Adugnaw; Bergeron, Gilles; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bello, Aminu K.; Bell, Michelle L.; Belay, Yilhalem Abebe; Belay, Ezra; Bekru, Fyasu Tamru; Bekele, Bayu Begashaw; Bejoy, Yannick; Behzadifar, Meysam; Behzadifar, Masoud; Beghi, Ettore; Bedi, Neeraj; Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad; Baune, Bernhard T.; Basu, Sanjay; Barrero, Lope H.; Bamighausen, Till Winfried; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Barac, Aleksandra; Banoub, Joseph Adel Mattar; Banach, Maciej; Bellew, Shoshana H.; Ball, Kylie; Bali, Ayele Geleto; Balakrishnan, Kalpana; Badawi, Alaa; Badali, Hamid; Babazadeff, Arefeh; Azzopardi, Peter S.; Ayuk, Tanabe B.; Ayer, Rakesh; Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala; Awasthi, Ashish; Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A.; Ausloos, Marcel; Ataro, Zerihun; Asayesh, Hamid; Aryal, Krishna K.; Artaman, Al; Amlov, Johan; Aremu, Olatunde; Arabloo, Jalal; Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw; Appiah, Lambert Tetteh; Anwari, Palwasha; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T.; Anto, Josep M.; Ansha, Mustafa Geleto; Anjomshoa, Mina; Animut, Megbaru Debalkie; Androudi, Sofia; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Anderson, Jason A.; Anber, Nahla Hamed; Ammar, Walid; Amare, Azmeraw T.; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Altirkawi, Khalid; Alsharif, Ubai; Alla, Francois; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza; Alijanzadeh, Mehran; Ali, Syed Mustafa; Ali, Komal; Alene, Kefyalew Addis; Alavian, Seyed Moayed; Alashi, Alaa; Alam, Tahiya; Alam, Samiah; Alam, Khurshid; Alandab, Fares; Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M.; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Akseer, Nadia; Akinyemiju, Tomi; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine; Aichour, Ibtihel; Aichour, Amani Nidhal; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Ahmadieh, Hamid; Ahmadi, Mehdi; Ahmadi, Alireza; Agrawal, Sutapa; Agrawal, Anurag; Aghayan, Sargis Aghast; Aggarwal, Anju; Agarwal, Gina; Afarideh, Mohsen; Afanvi, Kossivi Agbelenko; Adsuar, Jose C.; Admasie, Amha; Adib, Mina G.; Adetokunboh, Olatunji; Ademi, Zanfina; Adekanmbi, Victor; Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji; Adebayo, Oladimeji M.; Adane, Akikw Awoke; Adamu, Abdu A.; Acharya, Pawan; Acharya, Dilaram; Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal; Abrham, Aklilu Roba; Abraha, Haftom Niguse; Abil, Olifan Zewdie; Abera, Semaw F.; Abebe, Zegeye; Abebe, Molla; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abdollahpour, Ibrahim; Abdelalim, Ahmed; Abdela, Jemal; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abbasi, Nooshin; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abate, Kalkidan Hassell; Abate, Degu; Lim, Stephen S.; Gakidou, Emmanuela; Afshin, Ashkan; Stanaway, Jeffrey D. |
| Publisher Information: | Elsevier |
| Publication Year: | 2018 |
| Collection: | LSBU Research Open (London South Bank University) |
| Description: | Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the ... |
| Document Type: | article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: | application/pdf |
| Language: | unknown |
| Relation: | https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/download/53952c6dcc458c11d982a43aac3105aa40c44579a9100368b00007152c8938bb/10125801/PIIS0140673618322256.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32225-6; Murray, Christopher J. L., Zodpey, Sanjay, Zimsen, Stephanie M., Thou, Maigeng, Zhang, Kai, Zhang, Hao, Zhang, Anthony Lin, Zavala-Arciniega, Luis, Zamani, Mohammad, Bin Zaman, Sojib, Zaidi, Zoubida, Yu, Chuanhua, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Younis, Mustafa Z., Yotebieng, Marcel, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yisma, Engida, Yip, Paul, Yimer, Ebrahim M., Yeshanely, Alex, Yasin, Jemal Yasin, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yano, Yuichiro, Yan, Lijing L., Yamada, Tomohide, Jabbari, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yadgir, Simon, Xu, Gelin, Xavier, Denis, Wu, Shoaling, Wong, Tien Yin, Wolfe, Charles D. A., Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wiyeh, Alison B., Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wijeratne, Tissa, Widecka, Justyna, Whiteford, Harvey A., Westerman, Ronny, West, J. Jason, Weiknah, Adhena Ayaliew, Werdecker, Andrea, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiderpass, Elisabete, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wang, Yanping, Wang, Yafeng, Walson, Judd L., Waller, Stephen G., Waheed, Yasir, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Vujcic, Isidora S., Vu, Giang Thu, Vbsoughi, Kia, Vos, Theo, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vlassov, Vasily, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Violante, Francesco S., Villafaina, Santos, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Venkateswaran, Vidhya, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Varughese, Santosh, Varavikova, Elena, Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Valdez, Pascual R., Vaezi, Afsane, Vaduganathan, Mutblab, Uthman, Olalekan A., Usman, Muhammad Shariq, Updike, Rachel L., Ullah, Irfan, Ukwaja, Kingsley N., Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Tymeson, Hayley D., Tuzcu, E. Murat, Car, Lorainne Tudor, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Nu Thi Truong, Truelsen, Thomas Clement, Tran, Khanh Baca, Tran, Bach Xuan, Towbin, Jeffrey A., Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Touvier, Mathilde, Tortajada-Girbes, Miguel, Torre, Anna E., Topor-Madry, Roman, Tonelli, Marcello, Tobollik, Myriarn, To, Quyen G., Tillmana, Taavi, Tilahun, Binyam, Thurston, George D., Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Matthew Lloyd, Thomas, Hannah J., Thirunavukkarasu, Sathish, Theis, Andrew, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman, Teweldemedhin, Mebrahtu, Tessema, Belay, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Temsah, Omar, Temsah, Mohamad-Rani, Temesgen, Habtamu, Tekle, Merhawi Gebremedhin, Tekelemedhin, Shishay Wandey, Tekalign, Tigist Gashaw, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Taveira, Nuno, Tavakkoli, Mohammad, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Tandon, Nikhil, Takahashi, Ken, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Szoeke, Cassandra E. I., Sykes, Bryan I., Sur, Patrick John, Sunguya, Bruno F., Sulo, Gerhard, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Sudaryanto, Agus, Subart, Michelle L., Sturua, Lela, Stokes, Mark A., Stockfelt, Leo, Stevanovic, Goran, Stein, Murray B., Stein, Dan J., Steckling, Nadine, Starodubow, Vladimir I., Srinivasan, Vinay, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Sposato, Luciano A., Spinelli, Angela, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Soriano, Joan B., Sorensen, Reed J. D., Soofi, Moslem, Somayaji, Ranjani, Sobhani, Soheila, Sobaih, Badr Hasan, Smith, Mari, Smith, David L., Skirbekk, Vegard, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Singh, Virendra, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Jasvinder A., Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Silva, Joao Pedro, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Siddiqi, Tariq J., Sibai, Abla Mehio, Siabani, Soraya, Si, Si, Shupler, Matthew S., Shrime, Mark G., Shoman, Haitham, Shokraneh, Farhad, Shiue, Ivy, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirt, Rahman, Shin, Min-Jeong, Shigematsu, Mika, Shiferaw, Mekonnen Sisay, Shibuya, Kenji, Shi, Peilin, Sheikh, Aziz, She, Jun, Sharma, Rajesh, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Jayendra, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharif-Alhoseini, Matadi, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharafi, Kiomairs, Sharafi, Heidar, Shamsi, Mohammadbagher, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Levy, Teresa Slaamah, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaheen, Amira A., Shahbazi, Mehdi, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaddick, Gavin, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Servan-Mori, Edson, Serre, Marc L., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sekerija, Mario, Seedat, Soraya, Scott, James G., Schwendicke, Falk, Schwehel, David C., Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schottker, Ben, Schneider, Ione J. 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| Availability: | https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/item/91v34; https://openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk/download/53952c6dcc458c11d982a43aac3105aa40c44579a9100368b00007152c8938bb/10125801/PIIS0140673618322256.pdf |
| Rights: | CC BY 4.0 |
| Accession Number: | edsbas.3F6FE05F |
| Database: | BASE |