| Title: |
Multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure for medicines in China and India |
| Authors: |
Tuan Vu La, D; Zhao, Y; Arokiasamy, P; Atun, R; Mercer, SW; Marthias, T; McPake, B; Pati, S; Palladino, R; Lee, TY |
| Publisher Information: |
BMJ Publishing Group |
| Publication Year: |
2022 |
| Collection: |
Imperial College London: Spiral |
| Description: |
Introduction: Using nationally representative survey data from China and India, this study examined (1) the distribution and patterns of multimorbidity in relation to socioeconomic status and (2) association between multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) for medicines by socioeconomic groups. Methods: Secondary data analysis of adult population aged 45 years and older from WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) India 2015 (n=7397) and China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 (n=11 570). Log-linear, two-parts, zero-inflated and quantile regression models were performed to assess the association between multimorbidity and OOPE for medicines in both countries. Quantile regression was adopted to assess the observed relationship across OOPE distributions. Results: Based on 14 (11 self-reported) and 9 (8 self-reported) long-term conditions in the CHARLS and SAGE datasets, respectively, the prevalence of multimorbidity in the adult population aged 45 and older was found to be 63.4% in China and 42.2% in India. Of those with any long-term health condition, 38.6% in China and 20.9% in India had complex multimorbidity. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with higher OOPE for medicines in both countries (p |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
unknown |
| Relation: |
BMJ Global Health; http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/99882 |
| DOI: |
10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007724 |
| Availability: |
http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/99882; https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007724 |
| Rights: |
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. ; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.414CD111 |
| Database: |
BASE |