| Title: |
Long-Term Complications Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices |
| Authors: |
Jamie Simpson; Mason Yoder; Nathaniel Christian-Miller; Heather Wheat; Boldizsar Kovacs; Ryan Cunnane; Michael Ghannam; Jackson J. Liang |
| Source: |
Journal of Clinical Medicine ; Volume 14 ; Issue 6 ; Pages: 2058 |
| Publisher Information: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
| Subject Terms: |
cardiac implantable electronic devices; CIED; long-term complications; lead-related complications; CIED-related arrhythmias; CIED infection |
| Description: |
Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are commonly used for a number of cardiac-related conditions, and it is estimated that over 300,000 CIEDs are placed annually in the US. With advances in technology surrounding these devices and expanding indications, CIEDs can remain implanted in patients for long periods of time. Although the safety profile of these devices has improved over time, both the incidence and prevalence of long-term complications are expected to increase. This review highlights pertinent long-term complications of CIEDs, including lead-related issues, device-related arrhythmias, inappropriate device therapies, and device-related infections. We also explore key clinical aspects of each complication, including common presentations, patient-specific and non-modifiable risk factors, diagnostic evaluation, and recommended management strategies. Our goal is to help spread awareness of CIED-related complications and to empower physicians to manage them effectively. |
| Document Type: |
text |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
Cardiology; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062058 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/jcm14062058 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14062058 |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.466B04DB |
| Database: |
BASE |