| Title: |
Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87 |
| Authors: |
Aharonian, F.; Ait Benkhali, F.; Bi, B.; Ohm, S.; Olivera-Nieto, L.; de Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Panny, S.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Peron, G.; Pita, S.; Prokhorov, D. A.; Prokoph, H.; Böttcher, M.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Reichherzer, P.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Renaud, M.; Rieger, F.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Boisson, C.; Ruiz-Velasco, E.; Sahakian, V.; Salzmann, H.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Schäfer, J.; Schüssler, F.; Schwanke, U.; Shapopi, J. N. S.; Bolmont, J.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Steinmassl, S.; Steppa, C.; Sushch, I.; Suzuki, H.; Takahashi, T.; Borowska, J.; Tanaka, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Tsirou, M.; Tsuji, N.; Uchiyama, Y.; van Eldik, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vecchi, M.; Veh, J.; Bradascio, F.; Venter, C.; Vink, J.; Wach, T.; Wagner, S. J.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Wong, Y. W.; Zacharias, M.; Zargaryan, D.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Breuhaus, M.; Zech, A.; Zouari, S.; Żywucka, N.; HESS collaboration; Brose, R.; Brun, F.; Bruno, B.; Arcaro, C.; Bulik, T.; Burger-Scheidlin, C.; Bylund, T.; Caroff, S.; Casanova, S.; Cecil, R.; Celic, J.; Cerruti, M.; Chand, T.; Chandra, S.; Aschersleben, J.; Chen, A.; Chibueze, J.; Chibueze, O.; Cotter, G.; Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Egberts, K.; Ernenwein, J.-P.; Fichet de Clairfontaine, G.; Filipovic, M.; Backes, M.; Fontaine, G.; Füßling, M.; Funk, S.; Gabici, S.; Ghafourizadeh, S.; Giavitto, G.; Glawion, D.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Goswami, P.; Grolleron, G.; Barbosa Martins, V.; Grondin, M.-H.; Haerer, L.; Haupt, M.; Hermann, G.; Hinton, J. A.; Holch, T. L.; Horns, D.; Jamrozy, M.; Jankowsky, F.; Joshi, V.; Batzofin, R.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kasai, E.; Katarzyński, K.; Khatoon, R.; Khélifi, B.; Kluźniak, W.; Komin, Nu.; Kosack, K.; Kostunin, D.; Lang, R. G.; Becherini, Y.; Le Stum, S.; Leitl, F.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.-P.; Leuschner, F.; Lohse, T.; Luashvili, A.; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J.; Berge, D.; Malyshev, D.; Marandon, V.; Marchegiani, P.; Marcowith, A.; Marinos, P.; Martí-Devesa, G.; Marx, R.; Meyer, M.; Mitchell, A.; Bernlöhr, K.; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L.; Montanari, A.; Moulin, E.; Muller, J.; Nakashima, K.; de Naurois, M.; Niemiec, J.; Priyana Noel, A.; O’Brien, P. |
| Source: |
Astronomy and astrophysics 675, A138 (2023). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346056 |
| Publisher Information: |
EDP Sciences |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Collection: |
DESY Publication Database (PUBDB) |
| Subject Terms: |
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/520; gamma ray: emission; gamma ray: VHE; p: cosmic radiation; cosmic radiation: energy; cosmic radiation: pressure; energy: density; VIRGO; cluster; radio wave; gamma ray: energy spectrum; HESS; AGN; power spectrum; causality; feedback; thermal; Bayesian; rotation; TeV |
| Subject Geographic: |
DE |
| Description: |
The origin of the gamma-ray emission from M87 is currently a matter of debate. This work aims to localize the VHE (100 GeV-100 TeV) gamma-ray emission from M87 and probe a potential extended hadronic emission component in the inner Virgo Cluster. The search for a steady and extended gamma-ray signal around M87 can constrain the cosmic-ray energy density and the pressure exerted by the cosmic rays onto the intra-cluster medium, and allow us to investigate the role of the cosmic rays in the active galactic nucleus feedback as a heating mechanism in the Virgo Cluster. H.E.S.S. telescopes are sensitive to VHE gamma rays and have been utilized to observe M87 since 2004. We utilized a Bayesian block analysis to identify M87 emission states with H.E.S.S. observations from 2004 until 2021, dividing them into low, intermediate, and high states. Because of the causality argument, an extended ($\gtrsim$kpc) signal is allowed only in steady emission states. Hence, we fitted the morphology of the 120h low state data and found no significant gamma-ray extension. Therefore, we derived for the low state an upper limit of 58'(corresponding to $\approx$4.6kpc) in the extension of a single-component morphological model described by a rotationally symmetric 2D Gaussian model at 99.7% confidence level. Our results exclude the radio lobes ($\approx$30 kpc) as the principal component of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the low state of M87. The gamma-ray emission is compatible with a single emission region at the radio core of M87. These results, with the help of two multiple-component models, constrain the maximum cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio $X_{{CR,max.}}$$\lesssim$$0.32$ and the total energy in cosmic-ray protons (CRp) to $U_{CR}$$\lesssim$5$\times10^{58}$ erg in the inner 20kpc of the Virgo Cluster for an assumed CRp power-law distribution in momentum with spectral index $\alpha_{p}$=2.1. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
1432-0746; 0004-6361 |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/arXiv:2305.09607; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001033560900005; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/1432-0746; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/issn/0004-6361 |
| Availability: |
https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/record/587042; https://bib-pubdb1.desy.de/search?p=id:%22PUBDB-2023-04110%22 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.46F0751C |
| Database: |
BASE |