| Title: |
The Simons Observatory: forecasted constraints on primordial gravitational waves with the expanded array of Small Aperture Telescopes |
| Authors: |
Abril-Cabezas, I; Adachi, S; Ade, P; Adler, A.E; Agrawal, P; Aguirre, J; Aiola, S; Alford, T; Ali, A; Alonso, D; Alvarez, M.A; An, R; Aravena, M; Arnold, K; Ashton, P; Astori, F; Atkins, Z; Austermann, J; Azzoni, S; Baccigalupi, C; Baker, D; Balafendiev, R; Baleato Lizancos, A; Barron, D; Barry, P; Bartlett, J; Basyrov, A; Battaglia, N; Battistelli, E.S; Battye, R; Bayer, A; Bazarko, A; Beall, J.A; Bean, R; Beck, D; Beckman, S; Begin, J; Beheshti, A; Beringue, B; Bhandarkar, T; Bhimani, S; Bianchini, F; Biermann, E; Billi, M; Biquard, S; Bixler, B; Bizzarri, L; Boada, S; Boettger, D; Bolliet, B; Bond, J.R; Borrill, J; Borrow, J; Braithwaite, C; Brien, T.L.R; Brown, M.L; Bruno, S.M; Bryan, S; Bustos, R; Cai, H; Calabrese, E; Calafut, V; Carl, F.M; Carones, A; Carron, J; Challinor, A; Chamberlain, E; Chanial, P; Chen, N; Cheung, K; Chiang, B; Chinone, Y; Chluba, J; Cho, H.S; Choi, S.K; Chu, M; Clancy, J; Clark, S.E; Clarke, P; Cleary, J; Clements, D.L; Connors, J; Contaldi, C; Coppi, G; Corbett, L; Cothard, N.F; Coulton, W; Crichton, D; Crowley, K.D; Crowley, K.T; Cukierman, A; d'Ewart, J.M; Dachlythra, N; Darwish, O; Datta, R; Day-Weiss, S; de Haan, T; Desai, S; Devlin, M; Di Mascolo, L; Dicker, S; Ding, K; Doux, C; Dow, P; Doyle, S; Duell, C.J; Duff, S.M; Duivenvoorden, A.J; Dunkley, J; Duparc, M; Dutcher, D; Dünner, R; Edenton, M; Bouhargani, H. El; Embil Villagra, C; Errard, J; Fabbian, G; Fanfani, V; Khouzani, F. Farhadi; Farren, G.S; Fergusson, J; Ferraro, S; Flauger, R; Forconi, M; Foster, A; Freese, K; Frisch, J.C; Frolov, A; Fuller, G; Galitzki, N; Gallardo, P.A; Galloni, G; Galvez Ghersi, J.T; Ganga, K; Garrido, X; Gawiser, E; Gerbino, M; Gerras, R; Giardiello, S; Gill, A; Gilles, V; Giri, U; Gleave, E; Gluscevic, V; Goeckner-Wald, N; Goldstein, S; Golec, J.E; Gordon, S; Gralla, M; Gratton, S; Green, D; Groh, J.C; Groppi, C; Grubb, S; Guan, Y; Gupta, N; Gudmundsson, J.E; Hadzhiyska, B; Hagstotz, S; Hargrave, P; Haridas, S; Harrington, K; Harrison, I; Hasegawa, M; Hasselfield, M; Haynes, V; Hazumi, M; He, A; Healy, E; Henderson, S.W; Hensley, B.S; Hertig, E; Hervías-Caimapo, C; Higuchi, M; Hill, C.A; Hill, J.C; Hilton, M; Hincks, A.D; Hinshaw, G; Hložek, R; Ho, A.Y.Q; Ho, S; Ho, S.P; Hoang, T.D; Hoh, J; Holder, J; Hood, J; Hornecker, E; Hornsby, A.L; Hotinli, S.C; Huang, Z; Huber, Z.B; Hubmayr, J; Huffenberger, K; Hughes, A; Hughes, J.P; Idicherian Lonappan, A; Ikape, M; Inaba, K; Irwin, K; Iuliano, J; Jaffe, A.H; Jain, B; Jain, D; Jense, H.T; Jeong, O; Johnson, A; Johnson, B.R; Johnson, M; Jones, M.E; Joshi, N; Jost, B; Kabalan, W; Kabra, V; Kaneko, D; Kania, J; Karpel, E.D; Kasai, Y; Katayama, N; Keating, B; Keller, B; Keskitalo, R; Khatua, A.A; Kim, J; Kisner, T; Kiuchi, K; Knowles, K; Kofman, A.M; Koizumi, Y; Koopman, B.J; Kosowsky, A; Kou, R; Krachmalnicoff, N; Kramer, D; Krishak, A; Krolewski, A; Kusaka, A; Kusiak, A; Kvasiuk, Y; La Plante, P; La Posta, A; Laguë, A; Lai, A; Lashner, J; Lattanzi, M; Lee, A; Lee, E; Leech, J; Legrand, L; Lessler, C; Leung, J.S; Lewis, A; Li, Y; Li, Z; Limon, M; Lin, L; Linder, E; Link, M; Liu, J; Liu, Y; Lloyd, J; Lonergan, J; Louis, T; Lucas, T; Ludlam, M; Lungu, M; Lyons, M; Maccrann, N; Macinnis, A; Madhavacheril, M; Mak, D; Maldonado, F; Mallaby-Kay, M; Manduca, A; Mangu, A; Mani, H; Maniyar, A.S; Marques, G.A; Masson, P; Mates, J; Mathewson, J; Matsumura, T; Mauskopf, P; May, A; Mccallum, N; Mccarrick, H; Mccarthy, F; Mccrackan, M; Mcculloch, M; Mcmahon, J; Meerburg, P.D; Mehta, Y; Melin, J; Meulbroek, E; Meyers, J; Middleton, A; Miki, Y; Miller, A; Mirmelstein, M; Mizozoe, Y; Mohammadian, B; Montefalcone, G; Moodley, K; Moore, J; Morris, T; Morshed, M; Morton, T; Moser, E; Mroczkowski, T; Murata, M; Myers, J; Münchmeyer, M; Naess, S; Nakata, H; Namikawa, T; Nashimoto, M; Nati, F; Natoli, P; Negrello, M; Nerval, S.K; Newburgh, L; Nguyen, D.V; Nicola, A; Niemack, M.D; Nishino, H; Nishinomiya, Y; Novelli, A; O'Neill, S; Okumoto, N; Orlando, A; Orlowski-Scherer, J; Pagano, L; Page, L.A; Pandey, S; Papageorgiou, A; Paraskevakos, I; Partridge, B; Patel, D; Patki, R; Korte, S. Paulino; Peel, M; Sarmiento, K. Perez; Perrotta, F; Phakathi, P; Piccirillo, L; Pierpaoli, E; Pinsonneault-Marotte, T; Pisano, G; Pitocco, J; Poletti, D; Popik, C; Prasad, B; Puddu, R; Puglisi, G; Qu, F.J; Rahman, F; Randall, M.J; Ranucci, C; Raum, C; Reeves, R; Reichardt, C.L; Remazeilles, M; Ren, X; Rephaeli, Y; Riechers, D; Ried Guachalla, B; Rizzieri, A; Robe, J; Robertson, M.F; Robertson, N; Rogers, K; Rojas, F; Romero, A; Rosenberg, E; Rotti, A; Rowe, S; Roy, A; Sadeh, S; Sailer, N; Sakaguri, K; Sakuma, T; Sakurai, Y; Salatino, M; Sanders, G.H; Sasaki, D; Rao, M. Sathyanarayana; Satterthwaite, T.P; Saunders, L.J; Scalcinati, L; Schaan, E; Schmitt, B; Schmittfull, M; Sehgal, N; Seibert, J; Seino, Y; Seljak, U; Shaikh, S; Shaw, E; Shellard, P; Sherwin, B; Shimon, M; Shroyer, J.E; Sierra, C; Sievers, J; Sifón, C; Sikhosana, P; Silva-Feaver, M; Simon, S.M; Sinclair, A; Smith, K; Sohn, W; Song, X; Sonka, R.F; Souverin, T; Spisak, J; Staggs, S.T; Stein, G; Stevens, J.R; Stompor, R; Storer, E; Sudiwala, R; Sueno, Y; Sugiyama, J; Suman, P; Surrao, K.M; Sutariya, S; Suzuki, A; Suzuki, J; Tajima, O; Takaku, R; Takakura, S; Takeuchi, A; Tansieri, I; Taylor, A.C; Teply, G; Terasaki, T; Thomas, A; Thomas, D.B; Thornton, R; Timbie, P; Trac, H; Tsan, T; Sang, E. Tsang King; Tucker, C; Ullom, J; Vacher, L; Vale, L; van Engelen, A; van Lanen, J; van Marrewijk, J; van Winkle, D.D; Vargas, C; Vavagiakis, E.M; Veenendaal, I; Vergès, C; Aguilar, A. Villarrubia; Vissers, M; Viña, M; Wagoner, K; Walker, S; Walters, L; Wang, Y; Westbrook, B; Williams, J; Williams, P; Wilson, J; Winch, H; Wollack, E.J; Wolz, K; Wong, J; Xu, Z; Yamada, K; Young, E; Yu, B; Yu, C; Zagatti, G; Zannoni, M; Zhang, W; Zheng, K; Zhu, N; Zonca, A |
| Contributors: |
AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Centre Pierre Binétruy (CPB); Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-University of California Berkeley (UC Berkeley); University of California (UC)-University of California (UC); Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab); Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales Paris (CNES); Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP); Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU); Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); Simons Observatory |
| Source: |
https://hal.science/hal-05443358 ; 2026. |
| Publisher Information: |
CCSD |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Subject Terms: |
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]; [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex]; [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th] |
| Description: |
International audience ; We present updated forecasts for the scientific performance of the degree-scale (0.5 deg FWHM at 93 GHz), deep-field survey to be conducted by the Simons Observatory (SO). By 2027, the SO Small Aperture Telescope (SAT) complement will be doubled from three to six telescopes, including a doubling of the detector count in the 93 GHz and 145 GHz channels to 48,160 detectors. Combined with a planned extension of the survey duration to 2035, this expansion will significantly enhance SO's search for a $B$-mode signal in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, a potential signature of gravitational waves produced in the very early Universe. Assuming a $1/f$ noise model with knee multipole $\ell_{\rm knee} = 50$ and a moderately complex model for Galactic foregrounds, we forecast a $1σ$ (or 68% confidence level) constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ of $σ_r = 1.2\times10^{-3}$, assuming no primordial $B$-modes are present. This forecast assumes that 70% of the $B$-mode lensing signal can ultimately be removed using high resolution observations from the SO Large Aperture Telescope (LAT) and overlapping large-scale structure surveys. For more optimistic assumptions regarding foregrounds and noise, and assuming the same level of delensing, this forecast constraint improves to $σ_r = 7\times10^{-4}$. These forecasts represent a major improvement in SO's constraining power, being a factor of around 2.5 times better than what could be achieved with the originally planned campaign, which assumed the existing three SATs would conduct a five-year survey. |
| Document Type: |
report |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/2512.15833; ARXIV: 2512.15833; INSPIRE: 3093895 |
| Availability: |
https://hal.science/hal-05443358 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.479EDC1D |
| Database: |
BASE |