SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination
| Title: | SARS-CoV-2-specific nasal IgA wanes 9 months after hospitalisation with COVID-19 and is not induced by subsequent vaccination |
|---|---|
| Authors: | F Liew; S Talwar; A Cross; BJ Willett; S Scott; N Logan; MK Siggins; D Swieboda; JK Sidhu; C Efstathiou; SC Moore; C Davis; N Mohamed; J Nunag; C King; AAR Thompson; SL Rowland-Jones; AB Docherty; JD Chalmers; LP Ho; A Horsley; B Raman; K Poinasamy; M Marks; OM Kon; L Howard; DG Wootton; S Dunachie; JK Quint; RA Evans; LV Wain; S Fontanella; TI de Silva; A Ho; E Harrison; JK Baillie; MG Semple; C Brightling; RS Thwaites; L Turtle; PJM Openshaw; B Alex; P Andrikopoulos; B Bach; WS Barclay; D Bogaert; M Chand; K Chechi; GS Cooke; A da Silva Filipe; G dos Santos Correia; ME Dumas; J Dunning; T Fletcher; CA Green; W Greenhalf; J Griffin; RK Gupta; K Holden; PW Horby; S Ijaz; S Khoo; P Klenerman; A Law; M Lewis; S Liggi; WS Lim; L Maslen; AJ Mentzer; L Merson; AM Meynert; M Noursadeghi; M Olanipekun; A Osagie; M Palmarini; C Palmieri; WA Paxton; G Pollakis; N Price; A Rambaut; DL Robertson; CD Russell; V Sancho-Shimizu; C Sands; JT Scott; L Sigfrid; T Solomon; S Sriskandan; D Stuart; C Summers; OV Swann; Z Takats; P Takis; RS Tedder; EC Thomson; M Zambon; TM Drake |
| Publication Year: | 2023 |
| Collection: | University of Sussex (US): Figshare |
| Subject Terms: | Biomedical and clinical sciences; Clinical sciences; Medical microbiology; Health sciences; Epidemiology; COVID-19; Convalescent; Mucosal immunity; Nasal antibody; SARS-CoV-2 immunity; SARS-CoV-2 variants; Vaccination; Adult; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Vaccines; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitalization; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Antibodies; Viral; Neutralizing; ISARIC4C Investigators; PHOSP-COVID collaborative group; 3207 Medical Microbiology; 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Immunization; Infectious Diseases; Prevention |
| Description: | Background : Most studies of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 focus on circulating antibody, giving limited insights into mucosal defences that prevent viral replication and onward transmission. We studied nasal and plasma antibody responses one year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, including a period when SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was introduced. Methods : In this follow up study, plasma and nasosorption samples were prospectively collected from 446 adults hospitalised for COVID-19 between February 2020 and March 2021 via the ISARIC4C and PHOSP-COVID consortia. IgA and IgG responses to NP and S of ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants were measured by electrochemiluminescence and compared with plasma neutralisation data. Findings : Strong and consistent nasal anti-NP and anti-S IgA responses were demonstrated, which remained elevated for nine months (p < 0.0001). Nasal and plasma anti-S IgG remained elevated for at least 12 months (p < 0.0001) with plasma neutralising titres that were raised against all variants compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Of 323 with complete data, 307 were vaccinated between 6 and 12 months; coinciding with rises in nasal and plasma IgA and IgG anti-S titres for all SARS-CoV-2 variants, although the change in nasal IgA was minimal (1.46-fold change after 10 months, p = 0.011) and the median remained below the positive threshold determined by pre-pandemic controls. Samples 12 months after admission showed no association between nasal IgA and plasma IgG anti-S responses (R = 0.05, p = 0.18), indicating that nasal IgA responses are distinct from those in plasma and minimally boosted by vaccination. Interpretation : The decline in nasal IgA responses 9 months after infection and minimal impact of subsequent vaccination may explain the lack of long-lasting nasal defence against reinfection and the limited effects of vaccination on transmission. These findings highlight the need to develop vaccines that enhance nasal immunity. Funding : This study has been supported by ... |
| Document Type: | article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: | unknown |
| Relation: | 10779/uos.29050625.v1 |
| Availability: | https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/SARS-CoV-2-specific_nasal_IgA_wanes_9_months_after_hospitalisation_with_COVID-19_and_is_not_induced_by_subsequent_vaccination/29050625 |
| Rights: | CC BY 4.0 |
| Accession Number: | edsbas.48C47A80 |
| Database: | BASE |