| Title: |
The association between tobacco and the risk of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema in children and adolescents : analyses from Phase Three of the ISAAC programme |
| Authors: |
Mitchell, Edwin A.; Beasley, Richard; Keil, Ulrich; Montefort, Stephen; Odhiambo, Joseph; ISAAC Phase Three Study Group |
| Contributors: |
ISAAC Phase Three Study Group |
| Publisher Information: |
BMJ |
| Publication Year: |
2012 |
| Collection: |
University of Malta: OAR@UM / L-Università ta' Malta |
| Subject Terms: |
Smoking -- Health aspects; Asthma in children; Eczema in children; Rhinitis |
| Description: |
We are grateful to the children and parents who participated in ISAAC Phase Three and the coordination and assistance by the school staff is sincerely appreciated. The authors also acknowledge and thank the many funding bodies throughout the world that supported the individual ISAAC centres and collaborators and their meetings. ; Background: Exposure to parental smoking is associated with wheeze in early childhood, but in 2006 the US Surgeon General stated that the evidence is insufficient to infer a causal relationship between exposure and asthma in childhood and adolescents. Aims:To examine the association between maternal and paternal smoking and symptoms of asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis. Methods: Parents or guardians of children aged 6-7 years completed written questionnaires about symptoms of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema, and several risk factors, including maternal smoking in the child’s first year of life, current maternal smoking (and amount) and paternal smoking. Adolescents aged 13-14 years self completed the questionnaires on these symptoms and whether their parents currently smoked. Results: In the 6-7-year age group there were 220 407 children from 75 centres in 32 countries. In the 13-14- year age group there were 350 654 adolescents from 118 centres in 53 countries. Maternal and paternal smoking was associated with an increased risk of symptoms of asthma, eczema and rhinoconjunctivitis in both age groups, although the magnitude of the OR is higher for symptoms of asthma than the other outcomes. Maternal smoking is associated with higher ORs than paternal smoking. For asthma symptoms there is a clear dose relationship (1e9 cigarettes/day, OR 1.27; 10-19 cigarettes/day, OR 1.35; and 20+ cigarettes/day, OR 1.56). When maternal smoking in the child’s first year of life and current maternal smoking are considered, the main effect is due to maternal smoking in the child’s first year of life. There was no interaction between maternal and paternal smoking. Conclusions: This study has ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/22800 |
| DOI: |
10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200901 |
| Availability: |
https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar//handle/123456789/22800; https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2011-200901 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; The copyright of this work belongs to the author(s)/publisher. The rights of this work are as defined by the appropriate Copyright Legislation or as modified by any successive legislation. Users may access this work and can make use of the information contained in accordance with the Copyright Legislation provided that the author must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the prior permission of the copyright holder. |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.4C290116 |
| Database: |
BASE |