| Title: |
A 3-week pause versus continued Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor use during COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (IMPROVE trial): a randomised, open-label, superiority trial |
| Authors: |
Cook, JA; Patten, PEM; Peckham, N; Moss, P; Phillips, N; Abhishek, A; Roberts, T; Hodges, M; Talbot, G; Barber, V; Francis, A; Shields, AM; Duley, L; Hoogeboom, R; Willet, BJ; Scott, S; Parry-Jones, N; Eyre, TA; Plested, G; Vandici, G; Wandroo, FA; Hutchinson, C; Paneesha, S; Murray, DJ; Martinez-Calle, N; Jenkins, S; Heartin, E; Parry, HM |
| Publisher Information: |
Elsevier |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Collection: |
Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) |
| Description: |
Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is the commonest leukaemia and is associated with profound immunosuppression. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have revolutionised chronic lymphocytic leukaemia management; however, therapy impairs vaccine-induced immunity. We evaluated whether a 3-week pause of BTKi treatment improved spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) immunity to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination while maintaining disease control. Methods: We performed an open-label, two-arm, parallel-group, randomised trial in secondary-care haematology clinics in 11 UK hospitals. Participants aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, and currently taking BTKi therapy (frontline or relapsed setting) for at least 12 months were eligible. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1, by a centralised computer randomisation program, stratified by BTKi therapy line) to pause BTKi for 3 weeks, starting 6 days before their SARS-CoV-2 vaccination booster date, or to continue therapy as usual. Neither participants nor clinical staff were blinded but laboratory staff were. Intramuscular injection of either original BA.1 or original BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccine (50 μg mRNA-1273 or 30 μg BNT162b2), or 5 μg protein-based Vidprevtyn Beta (Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France) were received according to the national vaccination programme schedule. The primary outcome measure was anti-spike-RBD-specific antibody titre 3 weeks after vaccination and analysis performed by intention to treat (as randomly allocated, irrespective of compliance) following trial completion. This trial is registered with ISRCTN, 14197181, and has been completed. Findings: Between Oct 10, 2022, and June 8, 2023, 99 individuals (71 [72%] male and 28 [28%] female, with 89 [90%] of White ethnicity) were randomly allocated to groups pausing (n=50 [51%]) or continuing (n=49 [49%]) their BTKi therapy, and followed up for 12 weeks. At 3 weeks after vaccination, the geometric mean anti-spike-RBD-specific antibody titre was 218·8 U/mL ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| DOI: |
10.1016/S2352-3026(25)00008-0 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(25)00008-0; https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:21616a9b-677b-49c3-b57d-84799516ccf6 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; CC Attribution (CC BY) |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.508CEB77 |
| Database: |
BASE |