| Authors: |
Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration; Kocarnik, Jonathan M.; Compton, Kelly; Dean, Frances E.; Fu, Weijia; Gaw, Brian L.; Harvey, James D.; Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline; Lu, Dan; Pennini, Alyssa; Xu, Rixing; Ababneh, Emad; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Abbastabar, Hedayat; Abd-Elsalam, Sherief M.; Abdoli, Amir; Abedi, Aidin; Abidi, Hassan; Abolhassani, Hassan; Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Advani, Shailesh M.; Afzal, Muhammad Sohail; Aghaali, Mohammad; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmad, Tauseef; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Sepideh; Ahmed Rashid, Tarik; Ahmed Salih, Yusra; Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse; Aklilu, Addis; Akram, Tayyaba; Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Alahdab, Fares; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Ali, Saqib; Alimohamadi, Yousef; Alipour, Vahid; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Alkhayyat, Motasem; Almasi-Hashiani, Amir; Almasri, Nihad A.; Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali; Almustanyir, Sami; Alonso, Nivaldo; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Amu, Hubert; Anbesu, Etsay Woldu; Ancuceanu, Robert; Ansari, Fereshteh; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Antwi, Maxwell Hubert; Anvari, Davood; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Aqeel, Muhammad; Arabloo, Jalal; Arab-Zozani, Morteza; Aremu, Olatunde; Ariffin, Hany; Aripov, Timur; Arshad, Muhammad; Artaman, Al; Arulappan, Judie; Asemi, Zatollah; Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Ashraf, Tahira; Atorkey, Prince; Aujayeb, Avinash; Ausloos, Marcel; Awedew, Atalel Fentahun; Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina; Ayenew, Temesgen; Azab, Mohammed A.; Azadnajafabad, Sina; Azari Jafari, Amirhossein; Azarian, Ghasem; Azzam, Ahmed Y.; Badiye, Ashish D.; Bahadory, Saeed; Baig, Atif Amin; Baker, Jennifer L.; Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar; Banach, Maciej; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Barra, Fabio; Barrow, Amadou; Behzadifar, Masoud; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Bezabhe, Woldesellassie M. Mequanint; Bezabih, Yihienew Mequanint; Bhagat, Devidas S.; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhardwaj, Nikha; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhattacharyya, Krittika; Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S.; Bibi, Sadia; Bijani, Ali; Biondi, Antonio; Bisignano, Catherine; Bjørge, Tone; Bleyer, Archie; Blyuss, Oleg; Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi; Bolla, Srinivasa Rao; Braithwaite, Dejana; Brar, Amanpreet; Brenner, Hermann; Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa; Butt, Nadeem Shafique; Butt, Zahid A.; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Cao, Yin; Carreras, Giulia; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Cembranel, Francieli; Cerin, Ester; Cernigliaro, Achille; Chakinala, Raja Chandra; Chattu, Soosanna Kumary; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel; Cho, Daniel Youngwhan; Christopher, Devasahayam J.; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chung, Michael T.; Conde, Joao; Cortés, Sanda; Cortesi, Paolo Angelo; Costa, Vera Marisa; Cunha, Amanda Ramos; Dadras, Omid; Dagnew, Amare Belachew; Dahlawi, Saad M. A.; Dai, Xiaochen; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darwesh, Aso Mohammad; das Neves, José; De la Hoz, Fernando Pio; Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Dhamnetiya, Deepak; Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane; Dhimal, Meghnath; Dianatinasab, Mostafa; Diaz, Daniel; Djalalinia, Shirin; Do, Huyen Phuc; Doaei, Saeid; Dorostkar, Fariba; dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter; Driscoll, Tim Robert; Ebrahimi, Hedyeh; Eftekharzadeh, Sahar; El Tantawi, Maha; El-Abid, Hassan; Elbarazi, Iffat; Elhabashy, Hala Rashad; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I.; Eshrati, Babak; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz; Etemadi, Arash; Ezzikouri, Sayeh; Faisaluddin, Mohammed; Faraon, Emerito Jose A.; Fares, Jawad; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feroze, Abdullah Hamid; Ferrero, Simone; Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo; Filip, Irina; Fischer, Florian; Fisher, James L.; Foroutan, Masoud; Fukumoto, Takeshi; Gaal, Peter Andras; Gad, Mohamed M.; Gadanya, Muktar A.; Gallus, Silvano; Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana; Getachew Obsa, Abera; Ghafourifard, Mansour; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Ghith, Nermin; Gholamalizadeh, Maryam; Gilani, Syed Amir; Ginindza, Themba G.; Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T.; Glasbey, James C.; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Gorini, Giuseppe; Goudarzi, Houman; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen; Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro; Guha, Avirup; Gunasekera, D. Sanjeeva; Gupta, Bhawna; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Halwani, Rabih; Hamadeh, Randah R.; Hameed, Sajid; Hamidi, Samer; Hanif, Asif; Haque, Shafiul; Harlianto, Netanja I.; Haro, Josep Maria; Hasaballah, Ahmed I.; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hay, Roderick J.; Hay, Simon I.; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana; Herteliu, Claudiu; Hezam, Kamal; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Md Mahbub; Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseini, Mostafa; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Mihaela; Hostiuc, Sorin; Househ, Mowafa; Hsairi, Mohamed; Huang, Junjie; Hugo, Fernando N.; Hussain, Rabia; Hussein, Nawfal R.; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Iavicoli, Ivo; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ida, Fidelia; Ikuta, Kevin S.; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Irham, Lalu Muhammad; Islam, Jessica Y.; Islam, Rakibul M.; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Isola, Gaetano; Iwagami, Masao; Jacob, Louis; Jain, Vardhmaan; Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B.; Javaheri, Tahereh; Jayaram, Shubha; Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad; Jha, Ravi Prakash; Jonas, Jost B.; Joo, Tamas; Joseph, Nitin; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jürisson, Mikk; Kabir, Ali; Kahrizi, Danial; Kalankesh, Leila R.; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kaliyadan, Feroze; Kalkonde, Yogeshwar; Kamath, Ashwin; Kameran Al-Salihi, Nawzad; Kandel, Himal; Kapoor, Neeti; Karch, André; Kasa, Ayele Semachew; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Kauppila, Joonas H.; Kavetskyy, Taras; Kebede, Sewnet Adem; Keshavarz, Pedram; Keykhaei, Mohammad; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalilov, Rovshan; Khan, Gulfaraz; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Md Nuruzzaman; Khan, Moien A. B.; Khang, Young-Ho; Khater, Amir M.; Khayamzadeh, Maryam; Kim, Gyu Ri; Kim, Yun Jin; Kisa, Adnan; Kisa, Sezer; Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna; Kopec, Jacek A.; Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran; Koul, Parvaiz A.; Koulmane Laxminarayana; Sindhura Lakshmi; Koyanagi, Ai; Kucuk Bicer, Burcu; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kumar, G. Anil; Kumar, Narinder; Kumar, Nithin; Kurmi, Om P.; Kutluk, Tezer; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lami, Faris Hasan; Landires, Iván; Lauriola, Paolo; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Leigh, James; Leong, Elvynna; Li, Jiarui; Li, Ming-Chieh; Liu, Xuefeng; Loureiro, Joana A.; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed; Majeed, Azeem; Makki, Alaa; Male, Shilpa; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Mansournia, Mohammad Ali; Martini, Santi; Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra; Mathur, Prashant; McKee, Martin; Mehrotra, Ravi; Mendoza, Walter; Menezes, Ritesh G.; Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku; Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miao Jonasson, Junmei; Miazgowski, Bartosz; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Miller, Ted R.; Mirzaei, Hamed; Mirzaei, Hamid Reza; Misra, Sanjeev; Mithra, Prasanna; Moghadaszadeh, Masoud; Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin; Mohammad, Yousef; Mohammadi, Mokhtar; Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mohammed, Shafiu; Moka, Nagabhishek; Mokdad, Ali H.; Molokhia, Mariam; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moni, Mohammad Ali; Moosavi, Mohammad Amin; Moradi, Yousef; Moraga, Paula; Morgado-da-Costa, Joana; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Mosapour, Abbas; Mubarik, Sumaira; Mwanri, Lillian; Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Nagata, Chie; Naimzada, Mukhammad David; Nangia, Vinay; Naqvi, Atta Abbas; Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Nduaguba, Sabina O.; Negoi, Ionut; Negru, Serban Mircea; Neupane Kandel, Sandhya; Nguyen, Cuong Tat; Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nnaji, Chukwudi A.; Noor, Nurulamin M.; Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Oancea, Bogdan; Ochir, Chimedsuren; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Ogbo, Felix Akpojene; Olagunju, Andrew T.; Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun; Omar, Emad; Omar Bali, Ahmed; Omonisi, Abidemi E. Emmanuel; Ong, Sokking; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Orru, Hans; Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.; Otstavnov, Nikita; Otstavnov, Stanislav S.; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; P A, Mahesh; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Pakshir, Keyvan; Pana, Adrian; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pardhan, Shahina; Park, Eun-Cheol; Park, Eun-Kee; Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh; Patel, Harsh K.; Patel, Jenil R.; Pati, Siddhartha; Pattanshetty, Sanjay M.; Paudel, Uttam; Pereira, David M.; Pereira, Renato B.; Perianayagam, Arokiasamy; Pillay, Julian David; Pirouzpanah, Saeed; Pishgar, Farhad; Podder, Indrashis; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourjafar, Hadi; Prashant, Akila; Preotescu, Liliana; Rabiee, Mohammad; Rabiee, Navid; Radfar, Amir; Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Rafiee, Ata; Rahim, Fakher; Rahimzadeh, Shadi; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmani, Amir Masoud; Rajai, Nazanin; Rajesh, Aashish; Rakovac, Ivo; Ram, Pradhum; Ramezanzadeh, Kiana; Ranabhat, Kamal; Ranasinghe, Priyanga; Rao, Chythra R.; Rao, Sowmya J.; Rawassizadeh, Reza; Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Rezaei, Negar; Rezaei, Nima; Rezapour, Aziz; Roberts, Thomas J.; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Rohloff, Peter; Romoli, Michele; Ronfani, Luca; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; S, Manjula; Sabour, Siamak; Saddik, Basema; Saeed, Umar; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Harihar; Salehi, Sana; Salem, Marwa Rashad; Salimzadeh, Hamideh; Samaei, Mehrnoosh; Samy, Abdallah M.; Sanabria, Juan; Sankararaman, Senthilkumar; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Sardiwalla, Yaeesh; Sarveazad, Arash; Sathian, Brijesh; Sawhney, Monika; Saylan, Mete; Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola; Sekerija, Mario; Seylani, Allen; Shafaat, Omid; Shaghaghi, Zahra; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shamsoddin, Erfan; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharma, Rajesh; Sheikh, Aziz; Sheikhbahaei, Sara; Shetty, Adithi; Shetty, Jeevan K.; Shetty, Pavanchand H.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shirkoohi, Reza; Shivakumar, K. M.; Shivarov, Velizar; Siabani, Soraya; Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K.; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Sintayehu, Yitagesu; Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Soeberg, Matthew J.; Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad; Sotoudeh, Houman; Steiropoulos, Paschalis; Straif, Kurt; Subedi, Ranjeeta; Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale; Sultan, Iyad; Sultana, Saima; Sur, Daniel; Szerencsés, Viktória; Szócska, Miklós; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabuchi, Takahiro; Tadbiri, Hooman; Taherkhani, Amir; Takahashi, Ken; Talaat, Iman M.; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tat, Vivian Y.; Tedla, Bemnet Amare A.; Tefera, Yonas Getaye; Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesfay, Fisaha Haile; Tessema, Gizachew Assefa; Thapar, Rekha; Thavamani, Aravind; Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep; Thomas, Nihal; Tohidinik, Hamid Reza; Touvier, Mathilde; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Traini, Eugenio; Tran, Bach Xuan; Tran, Khanh Bao; Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno; Ullah, Irfan; Ullah, Saif; Umapathi, Krishna Kishore; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Upadhyay, Era; Vacante, Marco; Vaezi, Maryam; Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel; Velazquez, Diana Zuleika; Veroux, Massimiliano; Violante, Francesco S.; Vlassov, Vasily; Vo, Bay; Volovici, Victor; Vu, Giang Thu; Waheed, Yasir; Wamai, Richard G.; Ward, Paul; Wen, Yi Feng; Westerman, Ronny; Winkler, Andrea Sylvia; Yadav, Lalit; Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein; Yang, Lin; Yaya, Sanni; Yazie, Taklo Simeneh Yazie; Yeshaw, Yigizie; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z.; Yousefi, Zabihollah; Yu, Chuanhua; Yuce, Deniz; Yunusa, Ismaeel; Zadnik, Vesna; Zare, Fariba; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Zastrozhina, Anasthasia; Zhang, Jianrong; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Linghui; Zhu, Cong; Ziapour, Arash; Zimmermann, Ivan R.; Fitzmaurice, Christina; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Force, Lisa M. |
| Contributors: |
Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering (CEMSE) Division; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Global Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tropical Medicine Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasouj University, Yasuj, Iran; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria; Department of Midwifery, Karya Husada Institute of Health Sciences, Kediri, Indonesia; Department of Midwifery, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California; School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; The Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Foundation University Medical College, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil, Iraq; Database Technology Department, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; College of Informatics, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Public Health, Intercountry Centre for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Garki, Nigeria; Geriatric and Long-Term Care Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Mayo Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota; John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri; Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, Missouri; Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Policy and Management, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia; Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Physiotherapy Department, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana’a, Yemen; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia; Research Group in Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Public Health, Samara University, Samara, Ethiopia; Pharmacy Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Clinical Laboratory Department, Ghana Health Service, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; School of Community Health, Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England; Department of Paediatrics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Public Health and Healthcare Management, Tashkent Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Allied Health Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Timergara, Lower Dir, Pakistan; Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia; Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS England, Newcastle upon Tyne, England; School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, England; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Surgery, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; San Martin de Porres University, Lima, Peru; Department of Nursing, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Department of Neurosurgery, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt; Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India; Department of Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Parasitology, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Unit of Biochemistry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia |