| Title: |
Cost of the COVID-19 pandemic versus the cost-effectiveness of mitigation strategies in EU/UK/OECD: a systematic review |
| Authors: |
Vardavas, Constantine; Zisis, Konstantinos; Nikitara, Katerina; Lagou, Ioanna; Marou, Valia; Aslanoglou, Katerina; Athanasakis, Konstantinos; Phalkey, Revati; Leonardi-Bee, Jo; Fernandez, Esteve; Condell, Orla; Lamb, Favelle; Sandmann, Frank; Pharris, Anastasia; Deogan, Charlotte; Suk, Jonathan E |
| Publisher Information: |
BMJ Publishing Group |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Collection: |
University of Nottingham: Repository@Nottingham |
| Subject Terms: |
COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; NPIs; cost; cost-effectiveness |
| Description: |
OBJECTIVES: The economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role. DESIGN: A systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Studies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Studies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist. RESULTS: We included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/26795539; BMJ Open; Volume 13; Issue 10 |
| DOI: |
10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077602 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077602; https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/file/26795539/1/e077602.full; https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/26795539 |
| Rights: |
openAccess ; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.55C5CB79 |
| Database: |
BASE |