| Title: |
In-Depth Carotid Calcification Morphometrics and Their Temporal Changes Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Recent Ischemic Event:The Plaque at Risk Study |
| Authors: |
Tziotziou,Aikaterini; Fontana,Federica; Korteland,Suze Anne; Nies, Kelly; Nederkoorn,Paul; De Jong, Pim A.; Kooi,M. Eline; Van Der Lugt,Aad; Van Der Steen,Anton F.W.; Wentzel,Jolanda J.; Bos, Daniel; Akyildiz,Ali C.; Researchgr. Systems Radiology; Cancer; Circulatory Health; Infection & Immunity; Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Subject Terms: |
Atherosclerosis; Calcification; Cardiovascular risk factors; Carotid artery; Computed tomography angiography; Neurology; Clinical Neurology; Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine |
| Description: |
– Introduction: Ischemic stroke incidence varies significantly with respect to sex and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), a relationship that it is not well understood. Calcification in carotid atherosclerosis is known to impact plaque stability, potentially linked to ischemic stroke. The objective was to assess the in-depth calcification morphometrics within extracranial carotid atherosclerosis, their temporal changes, and associations with sex and CVRFs. Methods: Carotid arteries (n = 144) with confirmed atherosclerosis and mild-to-moderate stenosis from 72 symptomatic patients (Plaque-At-Risk study) with recent ischemic event due to ischemia in the territory of a carotid artery were imaged using multidetector computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) at baseline and after 2 years. The lumen, vessel wall, and calcifications were segmented semiautomatically, and the carotid geometries were 3D reconstructed. A comprehensive morphometric assessment of carotid calcifications was performed on the baseline and follow-up scans. We investigated distributions of these metrics and their associations with sex and CVRFs using generalized linear mixed models. Results: Our findings suggest that women have larger (4.5 mm2 [95% CI: 3.2–6.2] vs. 3.2 mm2 [95% CI: 2.4–4.2]) calcifications, located closer to the lumen (0.6 mm [95% CI: 0.4–0.8] vs. 0.9 mm [95% CI: 0.7–1.2]) in contrast to men at baseline and follow-up, adjusted for baseline measurements. At the baseline, nonsmokers had larger (5.3 mm2 [95% CI: 3.7–7.5] vs. 3.2 mm2 [95% CI: 2.3–4.4]) and longer (5.7 mm [95% CI: 4.1–7.3] vs. 2.4 mm [95% CI: 1.6–3.6]) calcifications than the current smokers. Diabetic patients had thicker (1.1 mm [95% CI: 0.8–1.3] vs. 0.8 mm [95% CI: 0.7–0.9]) carotid calcifications at baseline. Conclusion: Our in-depth analyses exposed several geometric features of carotid calcifications associated with sex and CVRFs and provided further insight into the pathophysiology of carotid atherosclerosis. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
1015-9770 |
| Relation: |
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/466684 |
| Availability: |
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/466684 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.585BF4BD |
| Database: |
BASE |