| Contributors: |
Adamo, D.; Calabria, E.; Canfora, F.; Coppola, N.; Lo Muzio, L.; Spirito, F.; Giuliani, M.; Azzi, L.; Maurino, V.; Colella, G.; Colella, C.; Montebugnoli, L.; Gissi, D. B.; Gabriele, M.; Nisi, M.; Sardella, A.; Lodi, G.; Varoni, E. M.; Giudice, A.; Antonelli, A.; Arduino, P. G.; Gambino, A.; Vescovi, P.; Majorana, A.; Bardellini, E.; Campisi, G.; Panzarella, V.; Spadari, F.; Garagiola, U.; Pentenero, M.; Sutera, S.; Biasotto, M.; Ottaviani, G.; Gobbo, M.; Guarda Nardini, L.; Romeo, U.; Tenore, G.; Serpico, R.; Lucchese, A.; Lajolo, C.; Rupe, C.; Aria, M.; D’Aniello, L.; Mignogna, M. D. |
| Description: |
Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated inflammatory chronic disease of the oral mucosa, with different patterns of clinical manifestations which range from keratotic manifestations (K-OLP) to predominantly non-keratotic lesions (nK-OLP). The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in the clinical, psychological profile and symptoms between Italian patients of the North and Central-South with K-OLP and nK-OLP. Methods 270 K-OLP and 270 nK-OLP patients were recruited in 15 Italian universities. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Total Pain Rating Index (T-PRI), Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and for Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were administered. Results The Central-South K-OLP (CS-K-OLP) patients reported a higher frequency of pain/burning compared with the K-OLP patients of the North (N-K-OLP) with higher scores in the NRS and T-PRI (p value < 0.001**). The CS-K-OLP and the CS-nK-OLP patients showed higher scores in the HAM-D, HAM-A, PSQI and ESS compared with the Northern patients (p value < 0.001**). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the NRS and T-PRI showed the greatest increase in the R2 value for the CS-K-OLP (DR2 = 9.6%; p value < 0.001**; DR2 = 9.7% p value < 0.001**; respectively) and that the oral symptoms (globus, itching and intraoral foreign body sensation) and PSQI showed the greatest increase in the R2 value for the CS-nK-OLP (DR2 = 5.6%; p value < 0.001**; DR2 = 4.5% p value < 0.001** respectively). Conclusions Pain and mood disorders are predominant in patients with OLP in the Central-South of Italy. Clinicians should consider that the geographical living area may explain the differences in oral symptoms and psychological profile in OLP. |