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Ayele Mamo,1 Tesfaye Assefa,2 Wegene Negash,2 Yohannes Takelign,3 Biniyam Sahiledinigl,3 Zinash Teferu,3 Mesud Mohammed,1 Damtew Solomon,4 Habtamu Gezahegn,4 Kebebe Bekele,5 Demsu Zenbaba,3 Alelign Tasew,3 Anwar Tahir,2 Fikereab Desta,3 Tadele Regassa,4 Abule Takele,3 Zegeye Regassa,2 Daniel Atilaw4 1Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Pharmacy Department, Bale Goba, Ethiopia; 2Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Nursing department, Bale Goba, Ethiopia; 3Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Public Health Department, Bale Goba, Ethiopia; 4Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Biomedical Department, Bale Goba, Ethiopia; 5Madda Walabu University, Goba Referral Hospital, Surgery Department, Bale Goba, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Ayele Mamo, Tel +251913512089, Email ayumam12@gmail.comBackground: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen failure is linked to an increased risk of disease progression and death, while early detection of ART failure can help to prevent the development of resistance. This study aimed to evaluate virological and immunological ART failure and predictors among HIV-positive adult and adolescent clients in southeast Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was implemented from January 2016 to November 30, 2020; all HIV-positive nave patients on follow-up during the study period from four hospitals were included. Virological and immunological treatment failure was the primary outcome of the study. Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed for analysis. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant predictors of treatment failure.Results: A total of 641 HIV patients’ charts were reviewed, 62.6% of the study participants were females. Of the total study participants, 18.4% and 15% developed virological and immunological ART regimen treatment failure respectively. The median time to virological failure was 40 months. WHO stage IV [AHR ... |