| Title: |
Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| Authors: |
Rautalin, I; Volovici, V; Stark, BA; Johnson, CO; Kaprio, J; Korja, M; Krishnamurthi, RV; Nair, BS; Ranta, A; Rinkel, GJE; Vergouwen, MDI; Abate, YH; Abbastabar, H; Abd-Allah, F; Abdelkader, A; Abdi, P; Abdollahi, A; Abdullahi, A; Abiodun, OO; Aboagye, RG; Abouzid, M; Abtahi, D; Abu Rumeileh, S; Abualhasan, A; Abualruz, H; Abukhadijah, HJ; Abu-Zaid, A; Adamu, LH; Addo, IY; Adedoyin, RA; Adegboye, OA; Adra, S; Adzigbli, LA; Agyemang-Duah, W; Ahinkorah, BO; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, D; Ahmadzade, AM; Ahmed, A; Ahmed, H; Ahmed, SA; Aji, B; Akkaif, MA; Al-Ajlouni, Y; Al-Aly, Z; Albashtawy, M; Ali, MU; Alif, SM; Alimohamadi, Y; Aljunid, SM; Alomari, MA; Alrawashdeh, A; Alsabri, MA; Salman, RA; Altaf, A; Al-Tammemi, AB; Alvis-Guzman, N; Alwafi, H; Al-Wardat, M; Al-Worafi, YM; Aly, H; Alyahya, MSI; Alzoubi, KH; Amani, R; Amin, TT; Amindarolzarbi, A; Amusa, GA; Anderlini, D; Angappan, D; Anil, A; Anuoluwa, BS; Anwar, S; Anyasodor, AE; Apostol, GLC; Arabloo, J; Areda, D; Ärnlöv, J; Artamonov, AA; Artanti, KD; Arumugam, A; Aryan, Z; Asghari-Jafarabadi, M; Ashemo, MY; Ashraf, T; Athar, M; Athari, SS; Aujayeb, A; Awotidebe, AW; Azadnajafabad, S; Aziz, S; Azzam, AY; Babu, GR; Bagheri, N; Taghanaki, PB; Bahramian, S; Bai, R; Baig, AA; Bako, AT; Baltatu, OC; Bam, K; Banach, M; Bandyopadhyay, S; Banik, B; Bardhan, M; Barker-Collo, SL; Bärnighausen, TW; Barqawi, HJ; Barua, L; Bastan, MM; Basu, S; Bell, SL; Bensenor, IM; Berhie, AY; Beyene, KA; Bhagavathula, AS; Bhaskar, S; Bhat, AN; Bhat, V; Bhatti, GK; Bhatti, JS; Bijani, A; Bikbov, B; Birhan, MM; Birhanu, MM; Bitra, VR; Boloor, A; Borhany, H; Breitner, S; Brenner, H; Bugiardini, R; Bulamu, NB; Butt, ZA; Cabral, LS; dos Santos, FLC; Calina, D; Cámera, LA; Campos, LA; Campos-Nonato, I; Capodici, A; Carvalho, F; Castañeda-Orjuela, CA; Catapano, AL; Cegolon, L; Chadwick, J; Chakraborty, C; Chakraborty, PA; Chakraborty, S; Chandika, RM; Chanie, GS; Chattu, VK; Chaudhary, AA; Chi, G; Chichagi, F; Ching, PR; Chopra, H; Choudhari, SG; Chowdhury, EK; Chu, DT; Chung, SC; Columbus, A; Criqui, MH; da Silva, AG; Ohadi, MAD; Dadras, O; Dai, X; Dalal, K; Dalli, LL; D'Amico, E; Dashti, M; Davletov, K; De la Cruz-Góngora, V; Debopadhaya, S; Delgado-Enciso, I; Dervisevic, E; Devanbu, VGC; Dewan, SMR; Dhane, AS; Dibas, M; Do, TC; Do, THP; Dohare, S; Doheim, MF; Dokova, KG; Dongarwar, D; D'Oria, M; Doshi, OP; Doshi, RP; Dowou, RK; Dsouza, HL; Dutta, S; Dziedzic, AM; E'mar, AR; Edvardsson, D; Efendi, D; Efendi, F; El Nahas, N; Elgendy, IY; Elhadi, M; Eltaha, C; Eltahir, ME; Emeto, TI; Fabin, N; Fagbamigbe, AF; Fahim, A; Fakhradiyev, IR; Fares, J; Faris, PS; Fauk, NK; Fazylov, T; Fekadu, G; Ferreira, N; Fetensa, G; Fischer, F; Foschi, M; Fridayani, NKY; Gaipov, A; Gajjar, AA; Gandhi, AP; Ganesan, B; Garg, RK; Gebregergis, MW; Gebrehiwot, M; Gebremeskel, TG; Getie, M; Ghadimi, DJ; Ghadirian, F; Ghahramani, S; Ghasemzadeh, A; Ghazy, RM; Gholamalizadeh, M; Ghozy, S; Gil, AU; Gilani, JA; Gnedovskaya, EV; Goleij, P; Goulart, AC; Goulart, BNG; Guan, SY; Gupta, S; Habibzadeh, F; Hadei, M; Hadi, NR; Hamidi, S; Hanifi, N; Hankey, GJ; Harlianto, NI; Haro, JM; Hasan, F; Hasani, H; Hasnain, MS; Tabatabaei, MSHZ; Haubold, J; Havmoeller, RJ; Hay, SI; Hbid, Y; Heidari, G; Heidari, M; Hemmati, M; Hiraike, Y; Hoan, NQ; Holla, R; Hosseinzadeh, M; Hostiuc, S; Huang, J; Huynh, HH; Hwang, BF; Ibitoye, SE; Ikeda, N; Ikiroma, A; Ilaghi, M; Ilesanmi, OS; Ilic, IM; Ilic, MD; Islam, MR; Ismail, NE; Iso, H; Isola, G; Iwagami, M; Jacob, L; Jafarzadeh, A; Jain, A; Jairoun, AA; Jakovljevic, M; Jatau, AI; Jawaid, T; Jayapal, SK; Jonas, JB; Joseph, N; Jürisson, M; Kadashetti, V; Kalani, R; Kamal, VK; Kamireddy, A; Kanchan, T; Kandel, H; Karami, J; Karaye, IM; Karimi, Y; Behnagh, AK; Kashoo, FZ; Kayode, GA; Kazemi, F; Kesse-Guyot, E; Khader, YS; Khaing, IK; Khan, F; Khan, MJ; Khatatbeh, H; Khatatbeh, MM; Kashani, HRK; Kheirallah, KA; Khidri, FF; Khormali, M; Khosla, AA; Kim, K; Kim, YJ; Kisa, A; Kisa, S; Kivimäki, M; Kolahi, AA; Kompani, F; Korzh, O; Kostev, K; Kothari, N; Krishan, K; Krishna, V; Krishnamoorthy, V; Kuddus, M; Kulimbet, M; Kunutsor, SK; Kurniasari, MD; Kusuma, D; Kytö, V; La Vecchia, C; Lahariya, C; Lai, DTC; Lai, HP; Laksono, T; Lallukka, T; Latief, K; Latifinaibin, K; Le, NHH; Le, TTT; Lee, M; Lee, SW; Lee, WC; Lee, YH; Lenzi, J; Leonardi, M; Li, MC; Li, XP; Lim, SS; Lin, JL; Liu, XF; Lohner, V; Lorenzovici, L; Lotufo, PA; Lucchetti, G; Lusk, JB; Saute, RL; Amin, HIM; Malhotra, AK; Malhotra, K; Malik, AA; Malta, DC; Mansournia, MA; Mantovani, LG; Manu, E; Marateb, HR; Marino, M; Maroufi, SF; Martinez-Piedra, R; Martini, S; Martorell, M; Marzo, RR; Mathangasinghe, Y; Mathews, E; Maugeri, A; McPhail, SM; Mehmood, A; Mehndiratta, MM; Mehrabani-Zeinabad, K; Menezes, RG; Meo, SA; Meretoja, A; Mestrovic, T; Mettananda, CDK; Miazgowski, T; de Sa, ACMGN; Minervini, G; Minh, LHN; Mirica, A; Mirrakhimov, EM; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, M; Mishra, AK; Mithra, P; Mohamed, AZ; Mohamed, AI; Mohammad, AM; Mohammadi, S; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A; Mohammed, S; Mokdad, AH; Molinaro, S; Momani, S; Moni, MA; Ghalibaf, AM; Moradi, M; Moradi, Y; Moraga, P; Morawska, L; Msherghi, A; Munjal, K; Murray, CJL; Nagarajan, AJ; Naik, GR; Najdaghi, S; Nakhostin Ansari, N; Nargus, S; Davani, DN; Natto, ZS; Nauman, J; Nawsherwan; Nayak, VC; Nazri-Panjaki, A; Negoi, RI; Nematollahi, S; Newton, CRJ; Nguyen, DH; Nguyen, HTH; Nguyen, HQ; Nguyen, PT; Nguyen, VT; Niazi, RK; Nigatu, YT; Nikoobar, A; de Sa, ATN; Nomura, S; Noubiap, JJ; Nugen, F; Nzoputam, CI; Oancea, B; Oduro, MS; Ojo-Akosile, TR; Okati-Aliabad, H; Okeke, SR; Okekunle, AP; Olagunju, AT; Olaiya, MT; Oliveira, AB; Oliveira, GMM; Olorukooba, AA; Olufadewa, II; Ornello, R; Ortiz-Prado, E; Osuagwu, UL; Ouyahia, A; Owolabi, MO; Ozair, A; Padukudru, PAM; Padron-Monedero, A; Padubidri, JR; Panagiotakos, D; Panos, GD; Panos, LD; Pantazopoulos, I; Parikh, RR; Park, S; Patel, J; Patel, UK; Patoulias, D; Pedersini, P; Peprah, EK; Pereira, G; Perianayagam, A; Perico, N; Perna, S; Petermann-Rocha, FE; Philip, AK; Piradov, MA; Plotnikov, E; Polibin, RV; Postma, MJ; Pradhan, J; Prasad, M; Puvvula, J; Qasim, NH; Qian, G; Raggi, A; Rahim, F; Rahimi-Movaghar, V; Rahman, M; Rahman, MA; Rahmani, AM; Rahmanian, M; Rajaa, S; Sanati, AR; Rajpoot, PL; Rajput, P; Ramadan, MM; Ramasamy, SK; Ramazanu, S; Rane, A; Rashedi, S; Rashidi, MM; Rathish, D; Rawaf, S; Razo, C; Reddy, MMRK; Redwan, E; Remuzzi, G; Rezaei, N; Rezaeian, M; Rocha, HAL; Rodriguez, JAB; Roever, L; Romoli, M; Romozzi, M; Ross, AG; Rout, HS; Roy, N; Roy, P; Saad, AMA; Saadatian, Z; Sabour, S; Sacco, S; Saddik, BA; Sadeghi, E; Saeed, U; Sharif-Askari, FS; Sahebkar, A; Sahoo, PM; Sajib, MRUZ; Salaroli, LB; Saleh, MA; Samodra, YL; Samuel, VP; Samy, AM; Santric-Milicevic, MM; Saravanan, A; Sarkar, T; Sarode, GS; Sarode, SC; Sartorius, B; Satpathy, M; Schlaich, MP; Schneider, IJC; Schuermans, A; Selvaraj, S; Senthilkumaran, S; Sepanlou, SG; Sethi, Y; Seylani, A; Shaaban, AN; Shafie, M; Shahwan, MJ; Shaikh, MA; Shaikh, SZ; Shamim, MA; Shamsi, A; Shamsutdinova, A; Shanawaz, M; Shannawaz, M; Sharifan, A; Rad, JS; Sharma, V; Shashamo, BB; Shetty, M; Shetty, PK; Shigematsu, M; Shittu, A; Shiue, I; Shlobin, NA; Shorofi, SA; Siddig, EE; Singh, B; Singh, P; Singh, S; Sobia, F; Solanki, R; Solanki, S; Soraneh, S; Spartalis, M; Srinivasamurthy, SK; Stanaway, JD; Stanikzai, MH; Starodubova, AV; Sun, J; Sun, Z; Swain, CK; Szarpak, L; Damavandi, PT; Tabatabaei, SM; Tabatabaeizadeh, SA; Tabche, C; Taiba, J; Talaat, IM; Tamuzi, JL; Tan, KK; Temsah, MH; Teramoto, M; Thakur, R; Thankappan, KR; Thayakaran, R; Thirunavukkarasu, S; Ticoalu, JHV; Tiwari, K; Tonelli, M; Topor-Madry, R; Tovani-Palone, MR; Tran, AT; Tran, JT; Tran, TH; Duc, NTM; Truelsen, TC; Truyen, TTTT; Tsai, DHT; Ullah, A; Unim, B; Unnikrishnan, B; Unsworth, CA; Usman, JS; Vahdati, S; Vaithinathan, AG; Valizadeh, R; Van den Eynde, J; Varghese, J; Vasankari, TJ; Venketasubramanian, N; Vervoort, D; Villafañe, JH; Vinayak, M; Vladimirov, SK; Wafa, HA; Waheed, Y; Wahood, W; Walde, MT; Wang, YZ; Wickramasinghe, ND; Willeit, P; Wolde, AA; Wolfe, CDA; Wubie, YM; Xiao, H; Xu, SW; Xu, XY; Yamagishi, K; Yano, Y; Yarahmadi, A; Yaribeygi, H; Yaya, S; Ye, PP; Yon, DK; Yonemoto, N; Yu, CH; Zanghì, A; Zare, I; Zastrozhin, M; Zhang, C; Zhang, YQ; Zhang, ZJ; Zhang, ZQ; Zhao, HQ; Zhou, SC; Zhumagaliuly, A; Zia, H; Zielinska, M; Zyoud, SH; Roth, GA; Feigin, VL |
| Contributors: |
Rautalin, I; Volovici, V; Stark, Ba; Johnson, Co; Kaprio, J; Korja, M; Krishnamurthi, Rv; Nair, B; Ranta, A; Rinkel, Gje; Vergouwen, Mdi; Abate, Yh; Abbastabar, H; Abd-Allah, F; Abdelkader, A; Abdi, P; Abdollahi, A; Abdullahi, A; Abiodun, Oo; Aboagye, Rg; Abouzid, M; Abtahi, D; Abu Rumeileh, S; Abualhasan, A; Abualruz, H; Abukhadijah, Hj; Abu-Zaid, A; Adamu, Lh; Addo, Iy; Adedoyin, Ra; Adegboye, Oa; Adra, S; Adzigbli, La; Agyemang-Duah, W; Ahinkorah, Bo; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, D; Ahmadzade, Am; Ahmed, A; Ahmed, H; Ahmed, Sa; Aji, B; Akkaif, Ma; Al-Ajlouni, Y; Al-Aly, Z; Albashtawy, M; Ali, Mu; Alif, Sm; Alimohamadi, Y; Aljunid, Sm; Alomari, Ma; Alrawashdeh, A; Alsabri, Ma; Salman, Ra; Altaf, A; Al-Tammemi, Ab; Alvis-Guzman, N; Alwafi, H; Al-Wardat, M; Al-Worafi, Ym; Aly, H; Alyahya, Msi; Alzoubi, Kh; Amani, R; Amin, Tt; Amindarolzarbi, A; Amusa, Ga; Anderlini, D; Angappan, D; Anil, A; Anuoluwa, B; Anwar, S; Anyasodor, Ae; Apostol, Glc; Arabloo, J; Areda, D; Ärnlöv, J; Artamonov, Aa; Artanti, Kd; Arumugam, A; Aryan, Z; Asghari-Jafarabadi, M; Ashemo, My; Ashraf, T; Athar, M; Athari, S; Aujayeb, A; Awotidebe, Aw; Azadnajafabad, S; Aziz, S; Azzam, Ay; Babu, Gr; Bagheri, N; Taghanaki, Pb; Bahramian, S; Bai, R; Baig, Aa; Bako, At; Baltatu, Oc; Bam, K |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
IRIS Università degli Studi di Bologna (CRIS - Current Research Information System) |
| Subject Terms: |
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage; Systolic Blood Pressure; Smoking; Air Pollution; Particulate Matter; Global Burden of Disease; Risk Factors |
| Description: |
IMPORTANCE: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Based on the repeated cross-sectional Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study, the global burden of SAH in 1990 to 2021 was estimated. Moreover, the SAH burden was compared with other diseases, and its associations with 14 individual risk factors were investigated with available data in the GBD 2021 study. The GBD study included the burden estimates of nontraumatic SAH among all ages in 204 countries and territories between 1990 and 2021. EXPOSURES: SAH and 14 modifiable risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Absolute numbers and age-standardized rates with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) of SAH incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as well as risk factor-specific population attributable fractions (PAFs). RESULTS: In 2021, the global age-standardized SAH incidence was 8.3 (95% UI, 7.3-9.5), prevalence was 92.2 (95% UI, 84.1-100.6), mortality was 4.2 (95% UI, 3.7-4.8), and DALY rate was 125.2 (95% UI, 110.5-142.6) per 100000 people. The highest burden estimates were found in Latin America, the Caribbean, Oceania, and high-income Asia Pacific. Although the absolute number of SAH cases increased, especially in regions with a low sociodemographic index, all age-standardized burden rates decreased between 1990 and 2021: the incidence by 28.8% (95% UI, 25.7%-31.6%), prevalence by 16.1% (95% UI, 14.8%-17.7%), mortality by 56.1% (95% UI, 40.7%-64.3%), and DALY rate by 54.6% (95% UI, 42.8%-61.9%). Of 300 diseases, SAH ranked as the 36th most common cause of death and 59th most common cause of DALY in the world. Of all worldwide SAH-related DALYs, 71.6% (95% UI, 63.8%-78.6%) were associated with the 14 ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
ELETTRONICO |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/40406922; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001529485700001; volume:82; issue:8; firstpage:765; lastpage:787; numberofpages:23; journal:JAMA NEUROLOGY; https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1021530; https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2834680 |
| DOI: |
10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522 |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/11585/1021530; https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.1522; https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2834680 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.62EB99D7 |
| Database: |
BASE |