| Title: |
Numerical Simulation Study of Combustion Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions of a 350 MW Coal-Fired Boiler Under Low Load Conditions with Ammonia Co-Firing |
| Authors: |
Guang Zeng; Mobei Xu; Chuang Zhou; Zhongyuan Hu; Xinmin Wang; Hongpeng Liu; Yueqi Wu; Qing Wang |
| Source: |
Energies ; Volume 19 ; Issue 7 ; Pages: 1765 |
| Publisher Information: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Collection: |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
| Subject Terms: |
co-firing; ammonia; carbon-free fuel; injection location; staged combustion |
| Description: |
With the advancement of low-carbon transition and deep load-following operation of coal-fired units, ammonia–coal co-firing is a retrofit-ready option for source decarbonization, but its coupled impacts on combustion and emissions remain to be quantified. A 350 MW corner-tangential pulverized-coal boiler at a 30% rated load was investigated using a three-dimensional ANSYS Fluent CFD model. Thirteen cases were designed by combining five ammonia shares (0–40%) with three injection locations (B, C, D). The temperature and key species fields were analyzed to track the reaction-zone shifts, and the outlet CO2, SO2, NO, and NH3 were evaluated. Increasing ammonia reduced and contracted the high-temperature core, dispersed the flame, extended the ignition distance of the ammonia-laden primary jet, and shifted heat release downstream. CO2 and SO2 decreased with an ammonia substitution; at 40% co-firing, CO2 fell by about 43% and SO2 declined markedly. NO showed a nonlinear, location-dependent response: B and C injection may raise NO at low ratios, but reduce it at higher ratios under lower temperatures and stronger reduction, whereas D injection tends to maintain higher NO in the upper furnace. The findings guide coordinated selection of the co-firing ratio and injection location for low-load retrofits. |
| Document Type: |
text |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
I2: Energy and Combustion Science; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en19071765 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/en19071765 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.3390/en19071765 |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.7147489E |
| Database: |
BASE |