| Title: |
An In-Vitro Acidic Media Simulation of GERD and Its Effect on Machine-Milled Ceramics’ Optical Properties |
| Authors: |
Hend M. Elsayed; Ahmed M. Elmarakby; Salah A. Yousief; Heba A. Abd Elwahab; Moayad W. Alturki; Eman M. H. Tawwash; Hajar S. Albahkaly; Kholud A. Rayes; Hadeel A. Bawazir; Hagar A. Samran; Abdulaziz Samran; Labib M. L. Elsebaey |
| Source: |
Prosthesis ; Volume 7 ; Issue 6 ; Pages: 156 |
| Publisher Information: |
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
MDPI Open Access Publishing |
| Subject Terms: |
CAD/CAM ceramics; color stability (ΔE); translucency parameter (ΔTP); gastric acid challenge; GERD; zirconia; lithium disilicate; hybrid ceramic |
| Description: |
Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) exposes restorative materials to gastric acid, which may compromise their esthetic and optical properties. Limited evidence exists regarding the performance of different CAD/CAM ceramics under acidic challenges. Methods: Forty CAD/CAM ceramic discs were prepared (n = 10 per group): high-translucency zirconia (Z; Ceramill Zolid Gen-X), lithium disilicate (E; IPS e.max CAD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (S; VITA Suprinity), and hybrid ceramic (C; Cerasmart 270). Specimens were immersed in simulated gastric acid (0.06 M HCl, pH 1.2) at 37 °C for 96 h. Color difference (ΔE) and translucency parameter (ΔTP) were recorded before and after immersion using a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results: All materials exhibited changes in color and translucency after acidic immersion. Group Z demonstrated the lowest ΔE values, indicating the best color stability, whereas group C showed the highest ΔE and a significant reduction in ΔTP. Groups E and S revealed moderate but clinically acceptable changes. Intergroup differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Exposure to simulated gastric acid as in (GERD) resulted in measurable alterations in the optical properties of CAD/CAM ceramic materials. The extent of color change and translucency loss differed among the materials tested. High-translucency zirconia (Z) exhibited the greatest stability, while hybrid ceramic (C) showed the most pronounced changes. Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (S) and lithium disilicate (E) demonstrated moderate alterations, falling between these two extremes. |
| Document Type: |
text |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
Prosthodontics; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7060156 |
| DOI: |
10.3390/prosthesis7060156 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis7060156 |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.7753FDA2 |
| Database: |
BASE |