| Title: |
ATREIDES 1 ; ATREIDES 1: Embarking on a trek across the exo-Neptunian landscape with the TOI-421 system |
| Authors: |
Bourrier, Vincent; Steiner, Michal; Castro-González, Amadeo; Armstrong, David; Attia, Mara; Gill, Samuel; Timmermans, Mathilde; Fernández Fernández, Jorge; Hawthorn, Faith; Triaud, Amaury; Murgas, Felipe; Pallé, Enric; Chakraborty, Hritam; Poppenhäger, Katja; Lendl, Monika; Anderson, David, R.; Bryant, Edward; Friden, Erik; Seidel, Julia, V.; Zapatero Osorio, Maria, Rosa; Eeles-Nolle, Fintan; Lafarga, Marina; Lockley, Isobel, S.; Serrano Bell, Juan; Allart, Romain; Meech, Annabella; Osborn, Ares; Díaz, Rodrigo, F.; Fetzner Keniger, Marcelo, Aron; Frame, Ginger; Heitzmann, Alexis; Ringham, Andrew; Eggenberger, Patrick; Alibert, Yann; Almenara Villa, Jose, Manuel; Leleu, Adrien; Sousa, Sérgio; Mercier, Samson, Jules; Adibekyan, Vardan; Battley, Matthew; Delgado-Mena, Elisa; Dethier, William; Egger, Jo Ann; Barkaoui, Khalid; Bayliss, Daniel; Burdanov, Artem; Ducrot, Elsa; Ghachoui, Mourad; Gillon, Michaël; Gómez Maqueo Chew, Yilen; Jehin, Emmanuël; Pedersen, Peter, Pihlmann; Pozuelos, Francisco; Wheatley, Peter; Zúñiga-Fernández, Sebastián; Carteret, Yann; Cegla, Heather; Correia, Alexandre C.M.; Davis, Yasmin, Trisha; Doyle, Lauren; Ehrenreich, David; Hara, Nathan; Lavie, Baptiste; Lillo-Box, Jorge; Lovis, Christophe; Petit, Antoine; Santos, Nuno; Scott, Madison, Grace; Venturini, Julia; Ahrer, Eva-Maria; Aigrain, Suzanne; Barros, Susana; Gillen, Edward; Luo, Xiang; Mordasini, Christoph; Al Moulla, Khaled; Pepe, Francesco; Pietrow, Alexander G. M. |
| Contributors: |
Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE); Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE); Centro de Astrobiologia Madrid (CAB); Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas España = Spanish National Research Council Spain (CSIC); Department of Physics Coventry; University of Warwick Coventry; Centre for Exoplanets and Habitability (CEH); Université de Liège = University of Liège = Universiteit van Luik = Universität Lüttich (ULiège); School of Physics and Astronomy Birmingham; University of Birmingham Birmingham; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica La laguna; Universidad de La Laguna Tenerife - SP (ULL); Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP); University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam; Universidad Católica del Norte = Catholic University of the North Antofagasta (UCN); Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL); University College London UCL (UCL); European Southern Observatory (ESO); Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE); Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur; Université Côte d'Azur (UniCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UniCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); International Center for Advanced Studies (ICAS); Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx); Université de Montréal (UdeM); Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA); Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution; Department of Physics and Astronomy Hamilton, ON; McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario; Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA); School of Physics and Astronomy London; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); Center for Space and Habitability (CSH); Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE); Space Research and Planetary Sciences Bern) (WP); Physikalisches Institut Bern; Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE)-Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne (UNIBE); Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (Fédération OSUG)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA); Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO); Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences MIT, Cambridge (EAPS); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Departamento de Física e Astronomia Porto (DFA/FCUP); Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto (FCUP); Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto; Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA); Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)); Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité); Oukaimeden Observatory; Université Cadi Ayyad = Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech (UCA); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM); Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research Institute (STAR); Cavendish Laboratory; University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK (CAM); Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics ETH Zürich (IPA); Department of Physics = Departement Physik ETH Zürich (D-PHYS); Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETH Zürich); Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía = Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA-CSIC); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas España = Spanish National Research Council Spain (CSIC); Centro de Física da Universidade de Coimbra (CFisUC); Universidade de Coimbra = University of Coimbra Portugal (UC); Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM); Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales Toulouse (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie = Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA); Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Oxford Astrophysics; University of Oxford; China West Normal University Nanchong; This work has been carried out in the frame of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under grants 51NF40_182901 and 51NF40_205606. M.L. acknowledges support of the Swiss National Science Foundation under grant number PCEFP2_194576. K.A. acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) under the Postdoc Mobility grant P500PT_230225.; P.E. acknowledges support from the SNF grant No 219745 (Asteroseismology of transport processes for the evolution of stars and planets) R.A. acknowledges the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) support under the Post-Doc Mobility grant P500PT_222212 and the support of the Institut Trottier de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (IREx). A.C.-G. is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science through MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant PID2019-107061GB-C61. W.D. acknowledges the support from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through national funds by these grants: UIDB/04434/2020 DOI:10.54499/UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020 DOI:10.54499/UIDP/04434/2020. This research was in part funded by the UKRI Grant EP/X027562/1. LD would like to acknowledge support from the UKRI (Grant ST/X001121/11). EG gratefully acknowledges support from UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee grant number EP/Z000890/1 and from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; project reference ST/W001047/1). This work acknowledges funding from a UKRI Future Leader Fellowship (grant numbers MR/S035214/1 and MR/Y011759/1). This work is based on data collected under the NGTS project at the ESO La Silla Paranal Observatory. The NGTS facility is operated by a consortium institutes with support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) under projects ST/M001962/1, ST/S002642/1 and ST/W003163/1. The contributions at the University of Warwick by BD, SG, PJW have been supported by STFC through consolidated grants ST/T000406/1 and ST/X001121/1. AP is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG project number PI 2102/1-1 EP acknowledges financial support from the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the ERDF “A way of making Europe” through project PID2021-125627OB-C32, and from the Centre of Excellence “Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias. S.C.C.B. acknowledges support from FCT with reference 2023.06687.CEECIND/CP2839/CT0002 S.G.S acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract nr. CEECIND/00826/2018 and POPH/FSE (EC). J.L.-B. is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) through grants PID2019-107061GB-C61, PID2023-150468NB-I00 and CNS2023-144309. SJM acknowledges support from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology through the Praecis Presidential Fellowship. This publication benefits from the support of the French Community of Belgium in the context of the FRIA Doctoral Grant awarded to MT. F.J.P acknowledges financial support from the Severo Ochoa grant CEX2021-001131-S funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through the project PID2022-137241NB-C43. YGMC acknowledges support from UNAM PAPIIT IG-101224. The contributions at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory by E.M.B. have been supported by STFC through the consolidated grant ST/W001136/1. The postdoctoral fellowship of KB is funded by F.R.S.-FNRS grant T.0109.20 and by the Francqui Foundation. Francqui Foundations, from the Belgian Scientific Research Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS; grant n˝ T.0109.20), from the University of Liege, and from the ARC grant for Concerted Research Actions financed by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation. This work is supported by a grant from the Simons Foundation (PI Queloz, grant number 327127). J.d.W. and MIT gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Heising-Simons Foundation, Dr. and Mrs. Colin Masson and Dr. Peter A. Gilman for Artemis, the first telescope of the SPECULOOS network situated in Tenerife, Spain. This work has received fund from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement n˝ 803193/BEBOP), from the MERAC foundation, and from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; grant n˝ ST/S00193X/1). TRAPPIST is funded by the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (Fond National de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS) under the grant PDR T.0120.21, with the participation of the Swiss National Science Fundation (SNF). MG and EJ are F.R.S.-FNRS Research Directors. XL would like to acknowledge support from the Natural Science Foundation Youth Program of Sichuan Province (grant No. 2024NSFSC1363) and the Doctoral Initiation Fund of West China Normal University (grant No. 22kE036).; European Project: 947634,ERC-2020-STG,ERC-2020-STG,SPICE DUNE(2021); European Project: 101052347,ERC-2021-ADG,ERC-2021-ADG,FIERCE(2022); European Project: 865624,ERC-2019-COG,ERC-2019-COG,GPRV(2021); European Project: 336480,ERC-2013-StG,ERC-2013-StG,SPECULOOS(2014) |
| Source: |
ISSN: 0004-6361. |
| Publisher Information: |
CCSD; EDP Sciences |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Subject Terms: |
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] |
| Description: |
International audience ; The distribution of close-in exoplanets is shaped by a complex interplay between atmospheric and dynamical processes. The Desert, Ridge, and Savanna (respectively a lack, overoccurence, and mild deficit of Neptunes with increasing periods) illustrate the sensitivity of these worlds to such processes, making them ideal targets to disentangle their roles. Determining how many Neptunes are brought close-in by early disk-driven migration (DDM; expected to maintain primordial spin-orbit alignment) or late high-eccentricity tidal migration (HEM; expected to generate large misalignments) is essential to understanding how much atmosphere they lost. In this paper, we propose a unified view of the exo-Neptunian landscape to guide its exploration and speculate that the Ridge is a hot spot for evolutionary processes. Low-density Neptunes would mainly undergo DDM, becoming fully eroded at shorter periods than the Ridge. This is in contrast to denser Neptunes, which would be brought to the Ridge and Desert by HEM. We embark on this exploration via the ATREIDES (Ancestry, Traits, and Relations of Exoplanets Inhabiting the Desert Edges and Savanna) collaboration, which relies on spectroscopic and photometric observations of ~60 close-in Neptunes, their reduction with robust pipelines, and their interpretation through internal structure, atmospheric, and evolutionary models. We carried out a systematic Rossiter-McLaughlin census with VLT/ESPRESSO to measure the distribution of 3D spin-orbit angles, correlate its shape with the system properties (orbit, density, evaporation), and thus relate the fraction of aligned-misaligned Neptunian systems to DDM, HEM, and atmospheric erosion. The first ATREIDES target, TOI-421 c, lies in the Savanna with a neighboring sub-Neptune TOI-421 b. We measured for the first time their 3D spin-orbit angles ( ψ b = 57 −15 +11∘ ; ψ c = 44.9 −4.1 +4.4∘ ). Together with the eccentricity and possibly large mutual inclination of their orbits, this hints at a chaotic dynamical ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/2509.15746; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//947634/EU/A SpectroPhotometric Inquiry of Close-in Exoplanets around the Desert to Understand their Nature and Evolution/SPICE DUNE; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//101052347/EU/FInding ExoeaRths: tackling the ChallengEs of stellar activity/FIERCE; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//865624/EU/Overcoming stellar activity in radial velocity planet searches/GPRV; info:eu-repo/grantAgreement//336480/EU/SPECULOOS: searching for habitable planets amenable for biosignatures detection around the nearest ultra-cool stars/SPECULOOS; ARXIV: 2509.15746 |
| DOI: |
10.1051/0004-6361/202554856 |
| Availability: |
https://hal.science/hal-05368593; https://hal.science/hal-05368593v1/document; https://hal.science/hal-05368593v1/file/2509.15746v1.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554856 |
| Rights: |
https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.79C09117 |
| Database: |
BASE |