| Title: |
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing |
| Authors: |
Moderato, Luca; Lazzeroni, Davide; Adamopoulos, Stamatis; Cohen-Solal, Alain; Piepoli, Massimo |
| Contributors: |
Seferović, Petar M.; Coats, Andrew J.S.; Filippatos, Gerasimos; Anker, Stefan D.; Bauersachs, Johann; Rosano, Giuseppe |
| Source: |
The ESC Textbook of Heart Failure ; page 404-416 ; ISBN 0198891628 9780198891628 9780191996399 |
| Publisher Information: |
Oxford University PressOxford |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Description: |
Compared to traditional exercise tests, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provides a complete and integrated assessment of exercise physiology involving cardiovascular, pulmonary, muscular, and cellular oxidative systems. In providing a direct measurement of oxygen consumption, CPET helps physicians to understand different causes of dyspnoea, fatigue, and exercise limitation, thereby providing unique information to differentiate between cardiac, pulmonary, or peripheral disease. CPET is also extremely helpful to optimize decision-making processes and monitoring of therapeutic effects, especially in heart failure (HF) patients. Moreover, CPET provides useful and independent prognostic markers in both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In HF patients, CPET allows to assess the presence of multi-organ dysfunction, including respiratory, muscular, and neurohormonal system impairment. This chapter summarizes methodological considerations, physiological implications, clinical applications, and future directions of CPET. |
| Document Type: |
book part |
| Language: |
English |
| ISBN: |
978-0-19-889162-8; 978-0-19-199639-9; 0-19-889162-8; 0-19-199639-4 |
| DOI: |
10.1093/med/9780198891628.003.0038 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198891628.003.0038; https://academic.oup.com/esc/book/55331/chapter/428851599 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.7DAC1E15 |
| Database: |
BASE |