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Simulation of the background from $^{13}$C($\alpha$,n)$^{16}$O reaction in the JUNO scintillator

Title:	Simulation of the background from $^{13}$C($\alpha$,n)$^{16}$O reaction in the JUNO scintillator
Authors:	Thomas Adam; Kai Adamowicz; Shakeel Ahmad; Rizwan Ahmed; Sebastiano Aiello; Fengpeng An; Costas Andreopoulos; Giuseppe Andronico; Nikolay Anfimov; Vito Antonelli; Tatiana Antoshkina; João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André; Didier Auguste; Weidong Bai; Nikita Balashov; Andrea Barresi; Davide Basilico; Eric Baussan; Marco Beretta; Antonio Bergnoli; Nikita Bessonov; Daniel Bick; Lukas Bieger; Svetlana Biktemerova; Thilo Birkenfeld; Simon Blyth; Anastasia Bolshakova; Mathieu Bongrand; Matteo Borghesi; Dominique Breton; Augusto Brigatti; Riccardo Brugnera; Riccardo Bruno; Marcel Büchner; Antonio Budano; Jose Busto; Anatael Cabrera; Barbara Caccianiga; Hao Cai; Xiao Cai; Yanke Cai; Zhiyan Cai; Stéphane Callier; Steven Calvez; Antonio Cammi; Chuanya Cao; Guofu Cao; Jun Cao; Yaoqi Cao; Rossella Caruso; Cédric Cerna; Vanessa Cerrone; Jinfan Chang; Yun Chang; Auttakit Chatrabhuti; Chao Chen; Guoming Chen; Jiahui Chen; Jian Chen; Jing Chen; Junyou Chen; Pingping Chen; Shaomin Chen; Shiqiang Chen; Xin Chen; Yiming Chen; Yixue Chen; Yu Chen; Ze Chen; Zhangming Chen; Zhiyuan Chen; Jie Cheng; Yaping Cheng; Yu Chin Cheng; Alexander Chepurnov; Alexey Chetverikov; Davide Chiesa; Pietro Chimenti; Po-Lin Chou; Ziliang Chu; Artem Chukanov; Gérard Claverie; Catia Clementi; Barbara Clerbaux; Claudio Coletta; Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo; Simon Csakli; Chenyang Cui; Olivia Dalager; Christophe De La Taille; Zhi Deng; Ziyan Deng; Xiaoyu Ding; Xuefeng Ding; Yayun Ding; Bayu Dirgantara; Carsten Dittrich; Sergey Dmitrievsky; David Doerflinger; Dmitry Dolzhikov; Haojie Dong; Jianmeng Dong; Evgeny Doroshkevich; Marcos Dracos; Frédéric Druillole; Ran Du; Shuxian Du; Yujie Duan; Katherine Dugas; Stefano Dusini; Hongyue Duyang; Jessica Eck; Timo Enqvist; Andrea Fabbri; Ulrike Fahrendholz; Lei Fan; Jian Fang; Wenxing Fang; Dmitry Fedoseev; Li-Cheng Feng; Qichun Feng; Federico Ferraro; Daniela Fetzer; Marcellin Fotzé; Amélie Fournier; Aaron Freegard; Feng Gao; Alberto Garfagnini; Arsenii Gavrikov; Marco Giammarchi; Nunzio Giudice; Maxim Gonchar; Guanghua Gong; Hui Gong; Yuri Gornushkin; Marco Grassi; Maxim Gromov; Vasily Gromov; Minghao Gu; Xiaofei Gu; Yu Gu; Mengyun Guan; Yuduo Guan; Nunzio Guardone; Rosa Maria Guizzetti; Cong Guo; Wanlei Guo; Caren Hagner; Hechong Han; Ran Han; Yang Han; Jinhong He; Miao He; Wei He; Xinhai He; Ziou He; Tobias Heinz; Patrick Hellmuth; Yuekun Heng; YuenKeung Hor; Shaojing Hou; Yee Hsiung; Bei-Zhen Hu; Hang Hu; Jun Hu; Tao Hu; Yuxiang Hu; Guihong Huang; Jinhao Huang; Junting Huang; Kaixuan Huang; Shengheng Huang; Tao Huang; Xin Huang; Xingtao Huang; Yongbo Huang; Jiaqi Hui; Lei Huo; Cédric Huss; Safeer Hussain; Leonard Imbert; Ara Ioannisian; Adrienne Jacobi; Arshak Jafar; Beatrice Jelmini; Xiangpan Ji; Xiaolu Ji; Huihui Jia; Junji Jia; Cailian Jiang; Wei Jiang; Xiaoshan Jiang; Xiaozhao Jiang; Yijian Jiang; Yixuan Jiang; Xiaoping Jing; Cécile Jollet; Li Kang; Rebin Karaparabil; Narine Kazarian; Ali Khan; Amina Khatun; Khanchai Khosonthongkee; Denis Korablev; Konstantin Kouzakov; Alexey Krasnoperov; Sergey Kuleshov; Sindhujha Kumaran; Nikolay Kutovskiy; Loïc Labit; Tobias Lachenmaier; Haojing Lai; Cecilia Landini; Sébastien Leblanc; Matthieu Lecocq; Frederic Lefevre; Ruiting Lei; Rupert Leitner; Jason Leung; Demin Li; Fei Li; Fule Li; Gaosong Li; Hongjian Li; Huang Li; Jiajun Li; Min Li; Nan Li; Qingjiang Li; Ruhui Li; Rui Li; Shanfeng Li; Tao Li; Teng Li; Weidong Li; Xiaonan Li; Yi Li; Yichen Li; Yifan Li; Yufeng Li; Zhaohan Li; Zhibing Li; Zi-Ming Li; Zonghai Li; An-An Liang; Jiajun Liao; Minghua Liao; Yilin Liao; Ayut Limphirat; Bo-Chun Lin; Guey-Lin Lin; Shengxin Lin; Tao Lin; Xianhao Lin; Xingyi Lin; Jiajie Ling; Xin Ling; Ivano Lippi; Caimei Liu; Fang Liu; Fengcheng Liu; Haidong Liu; Haotian Liu; Hongbang Liu; Hongjuan Liu; Hongtao Liu; Hongyang Liu; Jianglai Liu; Jiaxi Liu; Jinchang Liu; Kainan Liu; Min Liu; Qian Liu; Runxuan Liu; Shenghui Liu; Shulin Liu; Xiaowei Liu; Xiwen Liu; Xuewei Liu; Yankai Liu; Zhen Liu; Lorenzo Loi; Alexey Lokhov; Paolo Lombardi; Claudio Lombardo; Kai Loo; Haoqi Lu; Junguang Lu; Meishu Lu; Peizhi Lu; Shuxiang Lu; Xianguo Lu; Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev; Sultim Lubsandorzhiev; Livia Ludhova; Arslan Lukanov; Fengjiao Luo; Guang Luo; Jianyi Luo; Shu Luo; Wuming Luo; Xiaojie Luo; Vladimir Lyashuk; Bangzheng Ma; Bing Ma; Qiumei Ma; Si Ma; Wing Yan Ma; Xiaoyan Ma; Xubo Ma; Jihane Maalmi; Jingyu Mai; Marco Malabarba; Yury Malyshkin; Roberto Carlos Mandujano; Fabio Mantovani; Xin Mao; Stefano M. Mari; Agnese Martini; Matthias Mayer; Davit Mayilyan; Yue Meng; Anselmo Meregaglia; Lino Miramonti; Marta Colomer Molla; Michele Montuschi; Cristobal Morales Reveco; Iwan Morton-Blake; Massimiliano Nastasi; Dmitry V. Naumov; Elena Naumova; Igor Nemchenok; Elisabeth Neuerburg; Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi; Alexey Nikolaev; Feipeng Ning; Zhe Ning; Yujie Niu; Hiroshi Nunokawa; Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux; Sebastian Olivares; Alexander Olshevskiy; Domizia Orestano; Fausto Ortica; Rainer Othegraven; Yifei Pan; Alessandro Paoloni; George Parker; Yatian Pei; Luca Pelicci; Anguo Peng; Yu Peng; Zhaoyuan Peng; Elisa Percalli; Willy Perrin; Frédéric Perrot; Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean; Fabrizio Petrucci; Oliver Pilarczyk; Artyom Popov; Pascal Poussot; Ezio Previtali; Fazhi Qi; Ming Qi; Xiaohui Qi; Sen Qian; Xiaohui Qian; Zhonghua Qin; Shoukang Qiu; Manhao Qu; Zhenning Qu; Gioacchino Ranucci; Thomas Raymond; Alessandra Re; Abdel Rebii; Mariia Redchuk; Bin Ren; Yuhan Ren; Barbara Ricci; Komkrit Rientong; Mariam Rifai; Mathieu Roche; Narongkiat Rodphai; Fernanda de Faria Rodrigues; Aldo Romani; Bedřich Roskovec; Arseniy Rybnikov; Andrey Sadovsky; Paolo Saggese; Deshan Sandanayake; Anut Sangka; Giuseppe Sava; Utane Sawangwit; Michaela Schever; Cédric Schwab; Konstantin Schweizer; Alexandr Selyunin; Andrea Serafini; Mariangela Settimo; Junyu Shao; Vladislav Sharov; Hangyu Shi; Hexi Shi; Jingyan Shi; Yanan Shi; Vitaly Shutov; Andrey Sidorenkov; Fedor Šimkovic; Apeksha Singhal; Chiara Sirignano; Jaruchit Siripak; Monica Sisti; Oleg Smirnov; Sergey Sokolov; Julanan Songwadhana; Boonrucksar Soonthornthum; Albert Sotnikov; Warintorn Sreethawong; Achim Stahl; Luca Stanco; Elia Stanescu Farilla; Konstantin Stankevich; Hans Steiger; Jochen Steinmann; Tobias Sterr; Virginia Strati; Mikhail Strizh; Alexander Studenikin; Aoqi Su; Jun Su; Guangbao Sun; Mingxia Sun; Shifeng Sun; Xilei Sun; Yongzhao Sun; Zhengyang Sun; Narumon Suwonjandee; Akira Takenaka; Xiaohan Tan; Jian Tang; Jingzhe Tang; Qiang Tang; Quan Tang; Xiao Tang; Vidhya Thara Hariharan; Yuxin Tian; Igor Tkachev; Tomas Tmej; Marco Danilo Claudio Torri; Andrea Triossi; Wladyslaw Trzaska; Yu-Chen Tung; Cristina Tuve; Nikita Ushakov; Carlo Venettacci; Giuseppe Verde; Maxim Vialkov; Benoit Viaud; Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht; Vit Vorobel; Dmitriy Voronin; Lucia Votano; Caishen Wang; Chung-Hsiang Wang; En Wang; Hanwen Wang; Jiabin Wang; Jun Wang; Li Wang; Meng Wang; Mingyuan Wang; Qianchuan Wang; Ruiguang Wang; Sibo Wang; Tianhong Wang; Wei Wang; Wenshuai Wang; Xi Wang; Yangfu Wang; Yaoguang Wang; Yi Wang; Yifang Wang; Yuanqing Wang; Yuyi Wang; Zhe Wang; Zheng Wang; Zhimin Wang; Apimook Watcharangkool; Wei Wei; Yadong Wei; Yuehuan Wei; Zhengbao Wei; Liangjian Wen; Jun Weng; Christopher Wiebusch; Rosmarie Wirth; Bi Wu; Chengxin Wu; Diru Wu; Qun Wu; Yinhui Wu; Yiyang Wu; Zhaoxiang Wu; Zhi Wu; Michael Wurm; Jacques Wurtz; Dongmei Xia; Shishen Xian; Ziqian Xiang; Fei Xiao; Pengfei Xiao; Xiang Xiao; Wei-Jun Xie; Xiaochuan Xie; Yijun Xie; Yuguang Xie; Zhao Xin; Zhizhong Xing; Benda Xu; Cheng Xu; Donglian Xu; Fanrong Xu; Jiayang Xu; Jilei Xu; Jinghuan Xu; Meihang Xu; Shiwen Xu; Xunjie Xu; Yin Xu; Yu Xu; Jingqin Xue; Baojun Yan; Qiyu Yan; Taylor Yan; Xiongbo Yan; Yupeng Yan; Changgen Yang; Chengfeng Yang; Fengfan Yang; Jie Yang; Lei Yang; Pengfei Yang; Xiaoyu Yang; Yifan Yang; Yixiang Yang; Zekun Yang; Haifeng Yao; Jiaxuan Ye; Mei Ye; Ziping Ye; Frédéric Yermia; Jilong Yin; Weiqing Yin; Xiaohao Yin; Zhengyun You; Boxiang Yu; Chiye Yu; Chunxu Yu; Hongzhao Yu; Peidong Yu; Xianghui Yu; Zeyuan Yu; Zezhong Yu; Cenxi Yuan; Chengzhuo Yuan; Zhaoyang Yuan; Zhenxiong Yuan; Noman Zafar; Kirill Zamogilnyi; Jilberto Zamora; Vitalii Zavadskyi; Fanrui Zeng; Shan Zeng; Tingxuan Zeng; Liang Zhan; Yonghua Zhan; Aiqiang Zhang; Bin Zhang; Binting Zhang; Feiyang Zhang; Han Zhang; Hangchang Zhang; Haosen Zhang; Honghao Zhang; Jialiang Zhang; Jiawen Zhang; Jie Zhang; Jingbo Zhang; Junwei Zhang; Lei Zhang; Ping Zhang; Qingmin Zhang; Rongping Zhang; Shiqi Zhang; Shuihan Zhang; Siyuan Zhang; Tao Zhang; Xiaomei Zhang; Xin Zhang; Xu Zhang; Xuantong Zhang; Yibing Zhang; Yinhong Zhang; Yiyu Zhang; Yongpeng Zhang; Yu Zhang; Yuanyuan Zhang; Yumei Zhang; Zhenyu Zhang; Zhijian Zhang; Jie Zhao; Runze Zhao; Shujun Zhao; Tianhao Zhao; Hua Zheng; Yangheng Zheng; Li Zhou; Shun Zhou; Tong Zhou; Xiang Zhou; Xing Zhou; Jingsen Zhu; Kangfu Zhu; Kejun Zhu; Zhihang Zhu; Bo Zhuang; Honglin Zhuang; Liang Zong; Jiaheng Zou
Contributors:	Adam, Thoma; Adamowicz, Kai; Ahmad, Shakeel; Ahmed, Rizwan; Aiello, Sebastiano; An, Fengpeng; Andreopoulos, Costa; Andronico, Giuseppe; Anfimov, Nikolay; Antonelli, Vito; Antoshkina, Tatiana; Pedro Athayde Marcondes De André, João; Auguste, Didier; Bai, Weidong; Balashov, Nikita; Barresi, Andrea; Basilico, Davide; Baussan, Eric; Beretta, Marco; Bergnoli, Antonio; Bessonov, Nikita; Bick, Daniel; Bieger, Luka; Biktemerova, Svetlana; Birkenfeld, Thilo; Blyth, Simon; Bolshakova, Anastasia; Bongrand, Mathieu; Borghesi, Matteo; Breton, Dominique; Brigatti, Augusto; Brugnera, Riccardo; Bruno, Riccardo; Büchner, Marcel; Budano, Antonio; Busto, Jose; Cabrera, Anatael; Caccianiga, Barbara; Cai, Hao; Cai, Xiao; Cai, Yanke; Cai, Zhiyan; Callier, Stéphane; Calvez, Steven; Cammi, Antonio; Cao, Chuanya; Cao, Guofu; Cao, Jun; Cao, Yaoqi; Caruso, Rossella; Cerna, Cédric; Cerrone, Vanessa; Chang, Jinfan; Chang, Yun; Chatrabhuti, Auttakit; Chen, Chao; Chen, Guoming; Chen, Jiahui; Chen, Jian; Chen, Jing; Chen, Junyou; Chen, Pingping; Chen, Shaomin; Chen, Shiqiang; Chen, Xin; Chen, Yiming; Chen, Yixue; Chen, Yu; Chen, Ze; Chen, Zhangming; Chen, Zhiyuan; Cheng, Jie; Cheng, Yaping; Chin Cheng, Yu; Chepurnov, Alexander; Chetverikov, Alexey; Chiesa, Davide; Chimenti, Pietro; Chou, Po-Lin; Chu, Ziliang; Chukanov, Artem; Claverie, Gérard; Clementi, Catia; Clerbaux, Barbara; Coletta, Claudio; Conforti Di Lorenzo, Selma; Csakli, Simon; Cui, Chenyang; Dalager, Olivia; De La Taille, Christophe; Deng, Zhi; Deng, Ziyan; Ding, Xiaoyu; Ding, Xuefeng; Ding, Yayun; Dirgantara, Bayu; Dittrich, Carsten; Dmitrievsky, Sergey; Doerflinger, David; Dolzhikov, Dmitry
Publication Year:	2025
Collection:	Università degli Studi di Ferrara: CINECA IRIS
Subject Terms:	neutrino phyiscs
Description:	Large-scale organic liquid scintillator detectors are highly efficient in the detection of MeV-scale electron antineutrinos. These signal events can be detected through inverse beta decay on protons, which produce a positron accompanied by a neutron. A noteworthy background for antineutrinos coming from nuclear power reactors and from the depths of the Earth (geoneutrinos) is generated by ( ) reactions. In organic liquid scintillator detectors, particles emitted from intrinsic contaminants such as U, Th, and Pb/Po, can be captured on C nuclei, followed by the emission of a MeV-scale neutron. Three distinct interaction mechanisms can produce prompt energy depositions preceding the delayed neutron capture, leading to a pair of events correlated in space and time within the detector. Thus, () reactions represent an indistinguishable background in liquid scintillator-based antineutrino detectors, where their expected rate and energy spectrum are typically evaluated via Monte Carlo simulations. This work presents results from the open-source SaG4n software, used to calculate the expected energy depositions from the neutron and any associated de-excitation products. Also simulated is a detailed detector response to these interactions, using a dedicated Geant4-based simulation software from the JUNO experiment. An expected measurable CO event rate and reconstructed prompt energy spectrum with associated uncertainties, are presented in the context of JUNO, however, the methods and results are applicable and relevant to other organic liquid scintillator neutrino detectors.
Document Type:	article in journal/newspaper
File Description:	STAMPA
Language:	English
Relation:	info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001614926100001; volume:85; issue:9; firstpage:1080-1; lastpage:1080-21; numberofpages:21; journal:THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. C, PARTICLES AND FIELDS; https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2600711
DOI:	10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14333-4
Availability:	https://hdl.handle.net/11392/2600711; https://doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14333-4; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14333-4
Rights:	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ; license:Creative commons ; license uri:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Accession Number:	edsbas.7E160
Database:	BASE