| Title: |
The Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome behavioural spectrum: a factor analysis of 639 patients |
| Authors: |
Cavanna A; Critchley HD; Orth M; Stern JS; Young M-B; Robertson MM |
| Contributors: |
Cavanna, A; Critchley, H; Orth, M; Stern, J; Young, M; Robertson, M |
| Publisher Information: |
British Medical Journal Publishing Group |
| Publication Year: |
2011 |
| Collection: |
Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca: BOA (Bicocca Open Archive) |
| Subject Terms: |
Neuroscience; Neurology; Psychiatry; Surgery |
| Description: |
Aims Recent studies using quantitative methods, such as principal-component factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and latent class analysis, have suggested that Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) should no longer be considered a unitary condition as in current classification systems. We set out to identify quantitative components of GTS symptomatology using a large, well characterised cohort of singleton individuals with GTS, in order to inform future genetic studies with more homogeneous phenotypes. Methods Principal-component factor analysis with oblique rotation was used to analyse symptom data from a sample of 639 patients recruited at two tertiary referral centres using identical schedules during the period 1980–2008. Results Three Factors were identified: (1) complex motor tics and echo-paliphenomena; (2) attention-deficit and hyperactivity symptoms plus aggressive behaviours; (3) complex vocal tics and coprophenomena. Obsessive compulsive behaviours loaded significantly on the first two Factors. The three Factors accounted for 48.5% of the total symptomatic variance. Conclusions GTS is a phenotypically heterogeneous condition encompassing tics, tic-related symptoms and associated behavioural problems. Our results, coupled with previous findings, identified a clinical continuum of complex involuntary movements, hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms, and semantically relevant utterances and gestures. A better characterisation of the GTS phenotypes will help to identify susceptibility genes. |
| Document Type: |
conference object |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000292538400015; Joint Conference of the British-Neuropsychiatry-Association AGM/ Section of Neuropsychiatry of RCPsych - FEB 09-11, 2011; volume:82; issue:8; journal:JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY; https://hdl.handle.net/10281/411239 |
| DOI: |
10.1136/jnnp-2011-300504.14 |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/10281/411239; https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2011-300504.14 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.7E2A135 |
| Database: |
BASE |