| Title: |
Continental-scale contributions to the global CFC-11 emission increase between 2012 and 2017 |
| Authors: |
Hu, Lei; Montzka, Stephen A.; Moore, Fred; Hintsa, Eric; Dutton, Geoff; Siso, M. Carolina; Thoning, Kirk; Portmann, Robert W.; McKain, Kathryn; Sweeney, Colm; Vimont, Isaac; Nance, David; Hall, Bradley; Wofsy, Steven |
| Source: |
eISSN: 1680-7324 |
| Publication Year: |
2022 |
| Collection: |
Copernicus Publications: E-Journals |
| Description: |
The detection of increasing global CFC-11 emissions after 2012 alerted society to a possible violation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MP). This alert resulted in parties to the MP taking urgent actions. As a result, atmospheric measurements made in 2019 suggest a sharp decline in global CFC-11 emissions. Despite the success in the detection and mitigation of part of this problem, regions fully responsible for the recent global emission changes in CFC-11 have not yet been identified. Roughly two thirds (60 ± 40 %) of the emission increase between 2008–2012 and 2014–2017 and two thirds (60 ± 30 %) of the decline between 2014–2017 and 2019 were explained by regional emission changes in eastern mainland China. Here, we used atmospheric CFC-11 measurements made from two global aircraft surveys – the HIAPER (High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) in November 2009–September 2011 and the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) in August 2016–May 2018, in combination with the global CFC-11 measurements made by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration during these two periods – to derive global and regional emission changes in CFC-11. Our results suggest Asia accounted for the largest fractions of global CFC-11 emissions in both periods: 43 (37–52) % during November 2009–September 2011 and 57 (49–62) % during August 2016–May 2018. Asia was also primarily responsible for the emission increase between these two periods, accounting for 86 (59–115) % of the global CFC-11 emission rise between the two periods. Besides eastern mainland China, temperate western Asia and tropical Asia also contributed significantly to global CFC-11 emissions during both periods and likely to the global CFC-11 emission increase. The atmospheric observations further provide strong constraints on CFC-11 emissions from North America and Europe, suggesting that each of them accounted for 10 %–15 % of global CFC-11 emissions during ... |
| Document Type: |
text |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/2891/2022/ |
| DOI: |
10.5194/acp-22-2891-2022 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-2891-2022; https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/22/2891/2022/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.8156C739 |
| Database: |
BASE |