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Liver injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An International observational cohort study

Title:	Liver injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: An International observational cohort study
Authors:	Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar; Bishnu, Saptarshi; Baruch, Joaquin; Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru; Kartsonaki, Christiana; Meeyai, Aronrag; Mohamed, Zubair; Ohshimo, Shinichiro; Lefèvre, Benjamin; Al-Fares, Abdulrahman; Calvache, Jose A.; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Olliaro, Piero; Merson, Laura; Adhikari, Neill K. J.; Sheryl Ann Abdukahil; Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir; Ryuzo Abe; Laurent Abel; Amal Abrous; Lara Absil; Andrew Acker; Elisabeth Adam; Diana Adrião; Saleh Al Ageel; Kate Ainscough; Ali Ait Hssain; Younes Ait Tamlihat; Takako Akimoto; Ernita Akmal; Eman Al Qasim; Angela Alberti; Tala Al-dabbous; Senthilkumar Alegesan; Marta Alessi; Beatrice Alex; Kévin Alexandre; Abdulrahman Al-Fares; Huda Alfoudri; Imran Ali; Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou; Jeffrey Aliudin; Clotilde Allavena; Nathalie Allou; João Melo Alves; Rita Alves; Joana Alves Cabrita; Maria Amaral; Nur Amira; Phoebe Ampaw; Claire Andrejak; Andrea Angheben; François Angoulvant; Séverine Ansart; Sivanesen Anthonidass; Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito; Ardiyan Apriyana; Yaseen Arabi; Irene Aragao; Francisco Arancibia; Carolline Araujo; Antonio Arcadipane; Patrick Archambault; Lukas Arenz; Jean-Benoît Arlet; Christel Arnold-Day; Lovkesh Arora; Rakesh Arora; Elise Artaud-Macari; Diptesh Aryal; Muhammad Ashraf; Namra Asif; Jean Baptiste Assie; Amirul Asyraf; Minahel Atif; Anika Atique; Johann Auchabie; Hugues Aumaitre; Adrien Auvet; Laurène Azemar; Cecile Azoulay; Benjamin Bach; Delphine Bachelet; Claudine Badr; Nadia Baig; J. Kenneth Baillie; Erica Bak; Nazreen Abu Bakar; Andriy Bal; Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan; Valeria Balan; Firouzé Bani-Sadr; Renata Barbalho; Nicholas Yuri Barbosa; Wendy S. Barclay; Saef Umar Barnett; Michaela Barnikel; Audrey Barrelet; Cleide Barrigoto; Marie Bartoli; Joaquín Baruch; Romain Basmaci; Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri; Jules Bauer; Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon; Abigail Beane; Alexandra Bedossa; Ker Hong Bee; Husna Begum; Sylvie Behilill; Albertus Beishuizen; Aleksandr Beljantsev; David Bellemare; Anna Beltrame; Beatriz Amorim Beltrão; Marine Beluze; Nicolas Benech; Lionel Eric Benjiman; Dehbia Benkerrou; Suzanne Bennett; Luís Bento; Jan-Erik Berdal; Delphine Bergeaud; Hazel Bergin; Giulia Bertoli; Simon Bessis; Sybille Bevilcaqua; Karine Bezulier; Amar Bhatt; Krishna Bhavsar; Claudia Bianco; Farah Nadiah Bidin; Moirangthem Bikram Singh; Felwa Bin Humaid; Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin; François Bissuel; Patrick Biston; Laurent Bitker; Catherine Blier; Mathieu Blot; Lucille Blumberg; Laetitia Bodenes; Debby Bogaert; Anne-Hélène Boivin; Isabela Bolaños; Pierre-Adrien Bolze; François Bompart; Diogo Borges; Raphaël Borie; Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers; Lila Bouadma; Olivier Bouchaud; Sabelline Bouchez; Dounia Bouhmani; Damien Bouhour; Kévin Bouiller; Laurence Bouillet; Camile Bouisse; Anne-Sophie Boureau; John Bourke; Maude Bouscambert; Aurore Bousquet; Jason Bouziotis; Bianca Boxma; Marielle Boyer-Besseyre; Maria Boylan; Fernando Augusto Bozza; Axelle Braconnier; Cynthia Braga; Filipa Brás Monteiro; Luca Brazzi; Dorothy Breen; Kathy Brickell; Shaunagh Browne; Marjolein Brusse-Keizer; Petra Bryda; Nina Buchtele; Polina Bugaeva; Marielle Buisson; Erlina Burhan; Aidan Burrell; Ingrid G. Bustos; Denis Butnaru; André Cabie; Eder Caceres; Cyril Cadoz; Rui Caetano Garcês; Jose Andres Calvache; João Camões; Valentine Campana; Paul Campbell; Cecilia Canepa; Pauline Caraux-Paz; Chiara Simona Cardellino; Filipa Cardoso; Filipe Cardoso; Nelson Cardoso; Sofia Cardoso; Nicolas Carlier; Thierry Carmoi; Gayle Carney; Inês Carqueja; Marie-Christine Carret; François Martin Carrier; Gail Carson; Maire-Laure Casanova; Mariana Cascão; Siobhan Casey; José Casimiro; Bailey Cassandra; Silvia Castañeda; Nidyanara Castanheira; Guylaine Castor-Alexandre; Ivo Castro; François-Xavier Catherine; Paolo Cattaneo; Roberta Cavalin; Alexandros Cavayas; Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez; Anissa Chair; Catherine Chakveatze; Adrienne Chan; Meera Chand; Christelle Chantalat Auger; Jean-Marc Chapplain; Charlotte Charpentier; Julie Chas; Anjellica Chen; Yih-Sharng Chen; Léo Chenard; Matthew Pellan Cheng; Antoine Cheret; Thibault Chiarabini; Julian Chica; Suresh Kumar Chidambaram; Leong Chin Tho; Catherine Chirouze; Davide Chiumello; Bernard Cholley; Marie-Charlotte Chopin; Ting Soo Chow; Hiu Jian Chua; Jonathan Chua; Jose Pedro Cidade; Barbara Wanjiru Citarella; Anna Ciullo; Emma Clarke; Rolando Claure-Del Granado; Sara Clohisey; Cassidy Codan; Alexandra Coelho; Megan Coles; Gwenhaël Colin; Michael Collins; Sebastiano Maria Colombo; Pamela Combs; Jennifer Connolly; Marie Connor; Anne Conrad; Graham S. Cooke; Mary Copland; Hugues Cordel; Amanda Corley; Sabine Cornelis; Alexander Daniel Cornet; Arianne Joy Corpuz; Andrea Cortegiani; Grégory Corvaisier; Emma Costigan; Camille Couffignal; Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues; Roxane Courtois; Stéphanie Cousse; Rachel Cregan; Sabine Croonen; Gloria Crowl; Jonathan Crump; Claudina Cruz; Marc Csete; Matthew Cummings; Elodie Curlier; Colleen Curran; Paula Custodio; Ana da Silva Filipe; Charlene Da Silveira; Al-Awwab Dabaliz; Andrew Dagens; Darren Dahly; Heidi Dalton; Jo Dalton; Seamus Daly; Juliana Damas; Nick Daneman; Corinne Daniel; Emmanuelle A Dankwa; Jorge Dantas; Etienne De Montmollin; Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França; Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira; Thushan de Silva; Peter de Vries; David Dean; Alexa Debard; Marie-Pierre Debray; Nathalie DeCastro; William Dechert; Lauren Deconninck; Romain Decours; Eve Defous; Isabelle Delacroix; Eric Delaveuve; Karen Delavigne; Nathalie M. Delfos; Ionna Deligiannis; Andrea Dell’Amore; Christelle Delmas; Pierre Delobel; Corine Delsing; Elisa Demonchy; Emmanuelle Denis; Dominique Deplanque; Pieter Depuydt; Mehul Desai; Diane Descamps; Mathilde Desvallées; Santi Dewayanti; Pathik Dhanger; Alpha Diallo; Sylvain Diamantis; Fernanda Dias Da Silva; Priscila Diaz; Rodrigo Diaz; Kévin Didier; Jean-Luc Diehl; Wim Dieperink; Jérôme Dimet; Vincent Dinot; Fara Diop; Alphonsine Diouf; Yael Dishon; Félix Djossou; Annemarie B. Docherty; Christl A. Donnelly; Chloe Donohue; Sean Donohue; Yoann Donohue; Peter Doran; Céline Dorival; Eric D’Ortenzio; James Joshua Douglas; Nathalie Dournon; Triona Downer; Joanne Downey; Mark Downing; Tom Drake; Murray Dryden; Claudio Duarte Fonseca; Vincent Dubee; François Dubos; Alexandre Ducancelle; Toni Duculan; Susanne Dudman; Abhijit Duggal; Paul Dunand; Jake Dunning; Mathilde Duplaix; Lucian Durham III; Bertrand Dussol; Juliette Duthoit; Xavier Duval; Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise; Sim Choon Ean; Marco Echeverria-Villalobos; Carla Eira; Mohammed El Sanharawi; Subbarao Elapavaluru; Brigitte Elharrar; Jacobien Ellerbroek; Philippine Eloy; Tarek Elshazly; Isabelle Enderle; Chan Chee Eng; Ilka Engelmann; Vincent Enouf; Olivier Epaulard; Martina Escher; Mariano Esperatti; Hélène Esperou; Catarina Espírito Santo; Marina Esposito-Farese; João Estevão; Manuel Etienne; Nadia Ettalhaoui; Anna Greti Everding; Mirjam Evers; Isabelle Fabre; Marc Fabre; Amna Faheem; Cameron J. Fairfield; Pedro Faria; Ahmed Farooq; Hanan Fateena; Arie Zainul Fatoni; Karine Faure; Raphaël Favory; Mohamed Fayed; Laura Feeney; Jorge Fernandes; Marília Andreia Fernandes; Susana Fernandes; François-Xavier Ferrand; Eglantine Ferrand Devouge; Joana Ferrão; Mário Ferraz; Benigno Ferreira; Bernardo Ferreira; Isabel Ferreira; Sílvia Ferreira; Nicolas Ferriere; Céline Ficko; Claudia Figueiredo-Mello; Juan Fiorda; Thomas Flament; Clara Flateau; Tom Fletcher; Aline-Marie Florence; Deirdre Flynn; Jean Foley; Victor Fomin; Tatiana Fonseca; Simon Forsyth; Giuseppe Foti; Erwan Fourn; Robert A. Fowler; Marianne Fraher; Diego Franch-Llasat; Christophe Fraser; John F Fraser; Marcela Vieira Freire; Ana Freitas Ribeiro; Craig French; Caren Friedrich; Ricardo Fritz; Stéphanie Fry; Nora Fuentes; Masahiro Fukuda; Argin G; Valérie Gaborieau; Rostane Gaci; Jean-Charles Gagnard; Amandine Gagneux-Brunon; Sérgio Gaião; Linda Gail Skeie; Phil Gallagher; Carrol Gamble; Yasmin Gani; Arthur Garan; Rebekha Garcia; Esteban Garcia-Gallo; Denis Garot; Valérie Garrait; Nathalie Gault; Aisling Gavin; Anatoliy Gavrylov; Alexandre Gaymard; Johannes Gebauer; Eva Geraud; Louis Gerbaud Morlaes; Nuno Germano; Jade Ghosn; Marco Giani; Carlo Giaquinto; Tristan Gigante; Morgane Gilg; Guillermo Giordano; Michelle Girvan; Valérie Gissot; Daniel Glikman; Petr Glybochko; Eric Gnall; François Goehringer; Siri Goepel; Jean-Christophe Goffard; Jin Yi Goh; Jonathan Golob; Joan Gómez-Junyent; Marie Gominet; Alicia Gonzalez; Patricia Gordon; Isabelle Gorenne; Laure Goubert; Cécile Goujard; Tiphaine Goulenok; Margarite Grable; Edward Wilson Grandin; Pascal Granier; Giacomo Grasselli; Christopher A. Green; Courtney Greene; William Greenhalf; Segolène Greffe; Matthew Griffee; Fiona Griffiths; Albert Groenendijk; Anja Grosse Lordemann; Heidi Gruner; Yusing Gu; Jérémie Guedj; Martin Guego; Dewi Guellec; Daniela Guerreiro; Romain Guery; Anne Guillaumot; Laurent Guilleminault; Maisa Guimarães de Castro; Thomas Guimard; Marieke Haalboom; Daniel Haber; Ali Hachemi; Nadir Hadri; Adam Hall; Matthew Hall; Sophie Halpin; Ansley Hamer; Rebecca Hamidfar; Terese Hammond; Lim Yuen Han; Rashan Haniffa; Kok Wei Hao; Hayley Hardwick; Ewen M. Harrison; Janet Harrison; Alan Hartman; Ailbhe Hayes; Leanne Hays; Jan Heerman; Lars Heggelund; Ross Hendry; Martina Hennessy; Aquiles Henriquez; Maxime Hentzien; Diana Hernandez; Andrew Hershey; Liv Hesstvedt; Dawn Higgins; Eibhlin Higgins; Rupert Higgins; Samuel Hinton; Hiroaki Hiraiwa; Hikombo Hitoto; Antonia Ho; Yi Bin Ho; Alexandre Hoctin; Isabelle Hoffmann; Wei Han Hoh; Oscar Hoiting; Jan Cato Holter; Peter Horby; Juan Pablo Horcajada; Koji Hoshino; Kota Hoshino; Ikram Houas; Catherine L. Hough; Stuart Houltham; Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu; Jean-Sébastien Hulot; Stella Huo; Abby Hurd; Iqbal Hussain; Samreen Ijaz; Arfan Ikram; Hajnal-Gabriela Illes; Patrick Imbert; Rana Imran Sikander; Hugo Inácio; Yun Sii Ing; Elias Iosifidis; Mariachiara Ippolito; Vera Irawany; Sarah Isgett; Tiago Isidoro; Nadiah Ismail; Margaux Isnard; Daniel Ivulich; Danielle Jaafar; Salma Jaafoura; Julien Jabot; Clare Jackson; Nina Jamieson; Pierre Jaquet; Waasila Jassat; Coline Jaud-Fischer; Stéphane Jaureguiberry; Florence Jego; Anilawati Mat Jelani; Synne Jenum; Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor; Ong Yiaw Joe; Ruth N. Jorge García; Cédric Joseph; Mark Joseph; Mercé Jourdain; Anna Jung; Dafsah Juzar; Ouifiya Kafif; Florentia Kaguelidou; Neerusha Kaisbain; Thavamany Kaleesvran; Sabina Kali; Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin; Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin; Nadiah Kamarudin; Chris Kandel; Kong Yeow Kang; Pratap Karpayah; Christiana Kartsonaki; Daisuke Kasugai; Anant Kataria; Kevin Katz; Christy Kay; Lamees Kayyali; Hannah Keane; Seán Keating; Andrea Kelly; Claire Kelly; Niamh Kelly; Sadie Kelly; Maeve Kelsey; Kalynn Kennon; Maeve Kernan; Younes Kerroumi; Sharma Keshav; Imrana Khalid; Antoine Khalil; Coralie Khan; Irfan Khan; Sushil Khanal; Michelle E Kho; Denisa Khoo; Ryan Khoo; Saye Khoo; Khor How Kiat; Yuri Kida; Peter Kiiza; Beathe Kiland Granerud; Jae Burm Kim; Antoine Kimmoun; Alexander King; Nobuya Kitamura; Paul Klenerman; Rob Klont; Gry Kloumann Bekken; Stephen R Knight; Robin Kobbe; Caroline Kosgei; Arsène Kpangon; Karolina Krawczyk; Sudhir Krishnan; Vinothini Krishnan; Oksana Kruglova; Deepali Kumar; Ganesh Kumar; Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan; Pavan Kumar Vecham; Ethan Kurtzman; Demetrios Kutsogiannis; Galyna Kutsyna; Marie Lachatre; Marie Lacoste; John G. Laffey; Nadhem Lafhej; Marie Lagrange; Fabrice Laine; Olivier Lairez; Marc Lambert; Marie Langelot-Richard; Vincent Langlois; Eka Yudha Lantang; Marina Lanza; Cédric Laouénan; Samira Laribi; Delphine Lariviere; Stéphane Lasry; Naveed Latif; Odile Launay; Didier Laureillard; Yoan Lavie-Badie; Andrew Law; Teresa Lawrence; Minh Le; Clément Le Bihan; Cyril Le Bris; Georges Le Falher; Lucie Le Fevre; Quentin Le Hingrat; Marion Le Maréchal; Soizic Le Mestre; Gwenaël Le Moal; Vincent Le Moing; Hervé Le Nagard; Paul Le Turnier; Biing Horng Lee; Heng Gee Lee; James Lee; Jennifer Lee; Su Hwan Lee; Todd C. Lee; Yi Lin Lee; Gary Leeming; Bénédicte Lefebvre; Laurent Lefebvre; Benjamin Lefèvre; Sylvie LeGac; Jean-Daniel Lelievre; François Lellouche; Adrien Lemaignen; Véronique Lemee; Anthony Lemeur; Gretchen Lemmink; Ha Sha Lene; Jenny Lennon; Marc Leone; Michela Leone; Quentin Lepiller; François-Xavier Lescure; Olivier Lesens; Mathieu Lesouhaitier; Amy Lester-Grant; Sophie Letrou; Bruno Levy; Yves Levy; Claire Levy-Marchal; Katarzyna Lewandowska; Erwan L’Her; Gianluigi Li Bassi; Geoffrey Liegeon; Kah Chuan Lim; Wei Shen Lim; Chantre Lima; Bruno Lina; Lim Lina; Andreas Lind; Guillaume Lingas; Sylvie Lion-Daolio; Samantha Lissauer; Marine Livrozet; Patricia Lizotte; Navy Lolong; Leong Chee Loon; Diogo Lopes; Anthony L. Loschner; Paul Loubet; Bouchra Loufti; Guillame Louis; Silvia Lourenco; Lee Lee Low; Marije Lowik; Jia Shyi Loy; Jean Christophe Lucet; Carlos M. Luna; Liem Luong; Nestor Luque; Dominique Luton; Nilar Lwin; Ruth Lyons; Olavi Maasikas; Oryane Mabiala; Moïse Machado; Sara Machado; Gabriel Macheda; Hashmi Madiha; Rafael Mahieu; Sophie Mahy; Ana Raquel Maia; Lars S. Maier; Mylène Maillet; Thomas Maitre; Maximilian Malfertheiner; Nadia Malik; Paddy Mallon; Denis Malvy; Victoria Manda; Laurent Mandelbrot; Frank Manetta; Julie Mankikian; Edmund Manning; Aldric Manuel; Ceila Maria Sant`Ana Malaque; Flávio Marino; Samuel Markowicz; Charbel Maroun Eid; Laura Marsh; John Marshall; Celina Turchi Martelli; Dori-Ann Martin; Emily Martin; Guillaume Martin-Blondel; Ignacio Martin-Loeches; Martin Martinot; Alejandro Martín-Quiros; Ana Martins; Nuno Martins; Caroline Martins Rego; Gennaro Martucci; Olga Martynenko; Eva Miranda Marwali; Marsilla Marzukie; David Maslove; Basri Mat Nor; Moshe Matan; Daniel Mathieu; Mathieu Mattei; Romans Matulevics; Laurence Maulin; Michael Maxwell; Thierry Mazzoni; Lisa Mc Sweeney; Colin McArthur; Aine McCarthy; Anne McCarthy; Colin McCloskey; Sherry McDermott; Sarah E. McDonald; Allison McGeer; Johnny McKeown; Kenneth A. McLean; Paul McNally; Bairbre McNicholas; Elaine McPartlan; Edel Meaney; Cécile Mear-Passard; Maggie Mechlin; Omar Mehkri; Luis Melo; Joao Joao Mendes; France Mentré; Alexander J. Mentzer; Emmanuelle Mercier; Noémie Mercier; Antoine Merckx; Mayka Mergeay-Fabre; Blake Mergler; Laura Merson; António Mesquita; Osama Metwally; Agnès Meybeck; Dan Meyer; Alison M. Meynert; Vanina Meysonnier; Amina Meziane; Mehdi Mezidi; Céline Michelanglei; Isabelle Michelet; Efstathia Mihelis; Vladislav Mihnovit; Hugo Miranda-Maldonado; Nor Arisah Misnan; Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed; Tahira Jamal Mohamed; Asma Moin; Elena Molinos; Brenda Molloy; Sinead Monahan; Mary Mone; Agostinho Monteiro; Claudia Montes; Giorgia Montrucchio; Sarah Moore; Shona C. Moore; Lina Morales Cely; Lucia Moro; Ben Morton; Ana Motos; Hugo Mouquet; Clara Mouton Perrot; Julien Moyet; Caroline Mudara; Ng Yong Muh; Dzawani Muhamad; Jimmy Mullaert; Fredrik Müller; Karl Erik Müller; Daniel Munblit; Aisling Murphy; Lorna Murphy; Patrick Murray; Marlène Murris; Srinivas Murthy; Himed Musaab; Gugapriyaa Muyandy; Alex Nagrebetsky; Mangala Narasimhan; Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland; Nadège Neant; Holger Neb; Nikita Nekliudov; Raul Neto; Emily Neumann; Anthony Nghi; Duc Nguyen; Niamh Ni Leathlobhair; Alistair Nichol; Prompak Nitayavardhana; Stephanie Nonas; Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin; Marion Noret; Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam; Lisa Norman; Alessandra Notari; Mahdad Noursadeghi; Adam Nowinski; Saad Nseir; Jose I Nunez; Elsa Nyamankolly; Fionnuala O Brien; Annmarie O Callaghan; Annmarie O’Callaghan; Giovanna Occhipinti; Derbrenn OConnor; Max O’Donnell; Tawnya Ogston; João Oliveira; Larissa Oliveira; Piero L. Olliaro; Conar O’Neil; David S. Y. Ong; Jee Yan Ong; Wilna Oosthuyzen; Peter Openshaw; Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro; Jamel Ortoleva; Javier Osatnik; Linda O’Shea; Miriam O’Sullivan; Siti Zubaidah Othman; Nadia Ouamara; Rachida Ouissa; Eric Oziol; Maïder Pagadoy; Justine Pages; Amanda Palacios; Massimo Palmarini; Giovanna Panarello; Prasan Kumar Panda; Lai Hui Pang; Mauro Panigada; Nathalie Pansu; Aurélie Papadopoulos; Rachael Parke; Jérémie Pasquier; Bruno Pastene; Mohan Dass Pathmanathan; Luís Patrão; Patricia Patricio; Juliette Patrier; Lisa Patterson; Christelle Paul; Mical Paul; Jorge Paulos; William A. Paxton; Jean-François Payen; Kalaiarasu Peariasamy; Florent Peelman; Nathan Peiffer-Smadja; Vincent Peigne; Mare Pejkovska; Ithan D. Peltan; Rui Pereira; Daniel Perez; Luis Periel; Thomas Perpoint; Antonio Pesenti; Vincent Pestre; Michele Petrovic; Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez; Frank Olav Pettersen; Gilles Peytavin; Scott Pharand; Michael Piagnerelli; Walter Picard; Olivier Picone; Maria de Piero; Carola Pierobon; Djura Piersma; Carlos Pimentel; Valentine Piquard; Catarina Pires; Isabelle Pironneau; Lionel Piroth; Riinu Pius; Laurent Plantier; Hon Shen Png; Julien Poissy; Ryadh Pokeerbux; Sergio Poli; Georgios Pollakis; Diane Ponscarme; Diego Bastos Porto; Andra-Maris Post; Douwe F. Postma; Pedro Povoa; Diana Póvoas; Jeff Powis; Sébastien Preau; Christian Prebensen; Jean-Charles Preiser; Anton Prinssen; Mark G. Pritchard; Lucia Proença; Oriane Puéchal; Bambang Pujo Semedi; Gregory Purcell; Luisa Quesada; Else Quist-Paulsen; Mohammed Quraishi; Fadi-Fadi Qutishat; Christian Rabaud; Aldo Rafael; Marie Rafiq; Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman; Rozanah Abd Rahman; Fernando Rainieri; Giri Shan Rajahram; Nagarajan Ramakrishnan; José Ramalho; Ahmad Afiq Ramli; Blandine Rammaert; Grazielle Viana Ramos; Asim Rana; Ritika Ranjan; Christophe Rapp; Menaldi Rasmin; Indrek Rätsep; Cornelius Rau; Tharmini Ravi; Stanislas Rebaudet; Sarah Redl; Brenda Reeve; Liadain Reid; Dag Henrik Reikvam; Renato Reis; Jonathan Remppis; Martine Remy; Hongru Ren; Hanna Renk; Anne-Sophie Resseguier; Matthieu Revest; Oleksa Rewa; Luis Felipe Reyes; Tiago Reyes; Maria Ines Ribeiro; David Richardson; Denise Richardson; Laurent Richier; Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan; Ana L Rios; Asgar Rishu; Patrick Rispal; Karine Risso; Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez; Nicholas Rizer; André Roberto; Stephanie Roberts; David L. Robertson; Olivier Robineau; Ferran Roche-Campo; Paola Rodari; Simão Rodeia; Bernhard Roessler; Pierre-Marie Roger; Emmanuel Roilides; Amanda Rojek; Juliette Romaru; Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque Jr; Mélanie Roriz; Manuel Rosa-Calatrava; Michael Rose; Dorothea Rosenberger; Andrea Rossanese; Matteo Rossetti; Bénédicte Rossignol; Patrick Rossignol; Stella Rousset; Carine Roy; Benoît Roze; Clark D. Russell; Maeve Ryan; Steffi Ryckaert; Aleksander Rygh Holten; Isabela Saba; Musharaf Sadat; Valla Sahraei; Maximilien Saint-Gilles; Pranya Sakiyalak; Leonardo Salazar; Gabriele Sales; Stéphane Sallaberry; Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere; Hélène Salvator; Olivier Sanchez; Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu; Gyan Sandhu; Zulfiqar Sandhu; Pierre-François Sandrine; Oana Sandulescu; Marlene Santos; Shirley Sarfo-Mensah; Bruno Sarmento Banheiro; Iam Claire E. Sarmiento; Benjamine Sarton; Sree Satyapriya; Rumaisah Satyawati; Egle Saviciute; Parthena Savvidou; Yen Tsen Saw; Tjard Schermer; Arnaud Scherpereel; Marion Schneider; Michael Schwameis; Janet T. Scott; James Scott-Brown; Nicholas Sedillot; Mageswari Selvarajoo; Caroline Semaille; Malcolm G. Semple; Rasidah Bt Senian; Eric Senneville; Claudia Sepulveda; Filipa Sequeira; Tânia Sequeira; Ary Serpa Neto; Ellen Shadowitz; Syamin Asyraf Shahidan; Mohammad Shamsah; Shaikh Sharjeel; Pratima Sharma; Catherine A. Shaw; Victoria Shaw; John Robert Sheenan; Haixia Shi; Hiroaki Shimizu; Keiki Shimizu; Sally Shrapnel; Nassima Si Mohammed; Ng Yong Siang; Jeanne Sibiude; Louise Sigfrid; Piret Sillaots; Maria Joao Silva; Rogério Silva; Benedict Sim Lim Heng; Budha Charan Singh; Pompini Agustina Sitompul; Karisha Sivam; Sue Smith; Benjamin Smood; Michelle Smyth; Morgane Snacken; Tze Vee Soh; Joshua Solomon; Tom Solomon; Emily Somers; Agnès Sommet; Myung Jin Song; Tae Song; Jack Song Chia; Michael Sonntagbauer; Azlan Mat Soom; Albert Sotto; Edouard Soum; Ana Chora Sousa; Marta Sousa; Maria Sousa Uva; Vicente Souza-Dantas; Alexandra Sperry; Elisabetta Spinuzza; Shiranee Sriskandan; Sarah Stabler; Thomas Staudinger; Stephanie-Susanne Stecher; Trude Steinsvik; Ymkje Stienstra; Birgitte Stiksrud; Amy Stone; Adrian Streinu-Cercel; Anca Streinu-Cercel; Ami Stuart; David Stuart; Richa Su; Gabriel Suen; Jacky Y. Suen; Prasanth Sukumar; Asfia Sultana; Charlotte Summers; Deepashankari Suppiah; Andrey Svistunov; Sarah Syahrin; Jaques Sztajnbok; Konstanty Szuldrzynski; Shirin Tabrizi; Fabio S. Taccone; Lysa Tagherset; Shahdattul Mawarni Taib; Sara Taleb; Jelmer Talsma; Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon; Kim Keat Tan; Yan Chyi Tan; Taku Tanaka; Coralie Tardivon; Pierre Tattevin; Hassan Tawfik; Richard S. Tedder; Tze Yuan Tee; João Teixeira; Marie-Capucine Tellier; Sze Kye Teoh; François Téoulé; Pleun Terpstra; Olivier Terrier; Nicolas Terzi; Hubert Tessier-Grenier; Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit; Zhang Duan Tham; Suvintheran Thangavelu; Elmi Theron; Vincent Thibault; Simon-Djamel Thiberville; Benoît Thill; Jananee Thirumanickam; Shaun Thompson; David Thomson; Emma C. Thomson; Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai; Ryan S. Thwaites; Vadim Tieroshyn; Peter S Timashev; Jean-François Timsit; Noémie Tissot; Fiona Toal; Jordan Zhien Yang Toh; Kristian Tonby; Sia Loong Tonnii; Marta Torre; Antoni Torres; Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo; Hernando Torres-Zevallos; Tony Trapani; Théo Trioux; Cécile Tromeur; Tiffany Trouillon; Jeanne Truong; Christelle Tual; Sarah Tubiana; Helen Tuite; Jean-Marie Turmel; Lance C. W. Turtle; Anders Tveita; Makoto Uchiyama; Andrew Udy; Roman Ullrich; Alberto Uribe; Asad Usman; Timothy M. Uyeki; Luís Val-Flores; Amélie Valran; Stijn Van de Velde; Marcel van den Berge; Machteld Van der Feltz; Job van der Palen; Paul van der Valk; Nicky Van Der Vekens; Peter Van der Voort; Sylvie Van Der Werf; Laura van Gulik; Jarne Van Hattem; Carolien van Netten; Ilonka van Veen; Noémie Vanel; Henk Vanoverschelde; Pooja Varghese; Michael Varrone; Shoban Raj Vasudayan; Charline Vauchy; Shaminee Veeran; Aurélie Veislinger; Sebastian Vencken; Sara Ventura; Annelies Verbon; James Vickers; José Ernesto Vidal; César Vieira; Deepak Vijayan; Joy Ann Villanueva; Judit Villar; Pierre-Marc Villeneuve; Andrea Villoldo; Benoit Visseaux; Chiara Vitiello; Harald Vonkeman; Fanny Vuotto; Noor Hidayu Wahab; Suhaila Abdul Wahab; Nadirah Abdul Wahid; Marina Wainstein; Laura Walsh; Chih-Hsien Wang; Steve Webb; Jia Wei; Tan Pei Wen; Sanne Wesselius; Murray Wham; Bryan Whelan; Nicole White; Paul Henri Wicky; Aurélie Wiedemann; Surya Otto Wijaya; Suzette Willems; Virginie Williams; Evert-Jan Wils; Calvin Wong; Teck Fung Wong; Xin Ci Wong; Yew Sing Wong; Gan Ee Xian; Lim Saio Xian; Kuan Pei Xuan; Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop; Masaki Yamazaki; Yazdan Yazdanpanah; Nicholas Yee Liang Hing; Cécile Yelnik; Chian Hui Yeoh; Stephanie Yerkovich; Toshiki Yokoyama; Hodane Yonis; Obada Yousif; Akram Zaaqoq; Marion Zabbe; Kai Zacharowski; Masliza Zahid; Maram Zahran; Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan; Maria Zambon; Miguel Zambrano; Alberto Zanella; Nurul Zaynah; Hiba Zayyad; David Zucman.
Contributors:	Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar; Bishnu, Saptarshi; Baruch, Joaquin; Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru; Kartsonaki, Christiana; Meeyai, Aronrag; Mohamed, Zubair; Ohshimo, Shinichiro; Lefèvre, Benjamin; Al-Fares, Abdulrahman; Calvache, Jose A.; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Olliaro, Piero; Merson, Laura; Adhikari, Neill K.J.; Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Amal Abrous, Lara Absil, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Kate Ainscough, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Angela Alberti, Tala Al-dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, João Melo Alves, Rita Alves, Joana Alves Cabrita, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Phoebe Ampaw, Claire Andrejak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Muhammad Ashraf, Namra Asif, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Minahel Atif, Anika Atique, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Nadia Baig, J. Kenneth Baillie, Erica Bak, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Valeria Balan, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S. Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Audrey Barrelet, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Joaquín Baruch, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Abigail Beane, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Dehbia Benkerrou, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, Giulia Bertoli, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Claudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Moirangthem Bikram Singh, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, François Bissuel, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Catherine Blier, Mathieu Blot, Lucille Blumberg, Laetitia Bodenes, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Isabela Bolaños, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Dounia Bouhmani, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Anne-Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Jason Bouziotis, Bianca Boxma, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Fernando Augusto Bozza, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Dorothy Breen, Kathy Brickell, Shaunagh Browne, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Petra Bryda, Nina Buchtele, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Erlina Burhan, Aidan Burrell, Ingrid G. Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Rui Caetano Garcês, Jose Andres Calvache, João Camões, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Cecilia Canepa, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Chiara Simona Cardellino, Filipa Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Sofia Cardoso, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Gail Carson, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Ivo Castro, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Cavalin, Alexandros Cavayas, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Chan, Meera Chand, Christelle Chantalat Auger, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Charlotte Charpentier, Julie Chas, Anjellica Chen, Yih-Sharng Chen, Léo Chenard, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julian Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Leong Chin Tho, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Ting Soo Chow, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, Jose Pedro Cidade, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Anna Ciullo, Emma Clarke, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, Cassidy Codan, Alexandra Coelho, Megan Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Sebastiano Maria Colombo, Pamela Combs, Jennifer Connolly, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Graham S. Cooke, Mary Copland, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Emma Costigan, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Rachel Cregan, Sabine Croonen, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Marc Csete, Matthew Cummings, Elodie Curlier, Colleen Curran, Paula Custodio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Andrew Dagens, Darren Dahly, Heidi Dalton, Jo Dalton, Seamus Daly, Juliana Damas, Nick Daneman, Corinne Daniel, Emmanuelle A Dankwa, Jorge Dantas, Etienne De Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Thushan de Silva, Peter de Vries, David Dean, Alexa Debard, Marie-Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Lauren Deconninck, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Eric Delaveuve, Karen Delavigne, Nathalie M. Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell’Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Mehul Desai, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Santi Dewayanti, Pathik Dhanger, Alpha Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, Fernanda Dias Da Silva, Priscila Diaz, Rodrigo Diaz, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Wim Dieperink, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B. Docherty, Christl A. Donnelly, Chloe Donohue, Sean Donohue, Yoann Donohue, Peter Doran, Céline Dorival, Eric D’Ortenzio, James Joshua Douglas, Nathalie Dournon, Triona Downer, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Tom Drake, Murray Dryden, Claudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Jake Dunning, Mathilde Duplaix, Lucian Durham III, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Philippine Eloy, Tarek Elshazly, Isabelle Enderle, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Martina Escher, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Esperou, Catarina Espírito Santo, Marina Esposito-Farese, João Estevão, Manuel Etienne, Nadia Ettalhaoui, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Isabelle Fabre, Marc Fabre, Amna Faheem, Cameron J. Fairfield, Pedro Faria, Ahmed Farooq, Hanan Fateena, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Laura Feeney, Jorge Fernandes, Marília Andreia Fernandes, Susana Fernandes, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Benigno Ferreira, Bernardo Ferreira, Isabel Ferreira, Sílvia Ferreira, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, Juan Fiorda, Thomas Flament, Clara Flateau, Tom Fletcher, Aline-Marie Florence, Deirdre Flynn, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Simon Forsyth, Giuseppe Foti, Erwan Fourn, Robert A. Fowler, Marianne Fraher, Diego Franch-Llasat, Christophe Fraser, John F Fraser, Marcela Vieira Freire, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Craig French, Caren Friedrich, Ricardo Fritz, Stéphanie Fry, Nora Fuentes, Masahiro Fukuda, Argin G, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Sérgio Gaião, Linda Gail Skeie, Phil Gallagher, Carrol Gamble, Yasmin Gani, Arthur Garan, Rebekha Garcia, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Nathalie Gault, Aisling Gavin, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Johannes Gebauer, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Nuno Germano, Jade Ghosn, Marco Giani, Carlo Giaquinto, Tristan Gigante, Morgane Gilg, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Daniel Glikman, Petr Glybochko, Eric Gnall, François Goehringer, Siri Goepel, Jean-Christophe Goffard, Jin Yi Goh, Jonathan Golob, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Marie Gominet, Alicia Gonzalez, Patricia Gordon, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Margarite Grable, Edward Wilson Grandin, Pascal Granier, Giacomo Grasselli, Christopher A. Green, Courtney Greene, William Greenhalf, Segolène Greffe, Matthew Griffee, Fiona Griffiths, Albert Groenendijk, Anja Grosse Lordemann, Heidi Gruner, Yusing Gu, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Dewi Guellec, Daniela Guerreiro, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Maisa Guimarães de Castro, Thomas Guimard, Marieke Haalboom, Daniel Haber, Ali Hachemi, Nadir Hadri, Adam Hall, Matthew Hall, Sophie Halpin, Ansley Hamer, Rebecca Hamidfar, Terese Hammond, Lim Yuen Han, Rashan Haniffa, Kok Wei Hao, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M. Harrison, Janet Harrison, Alan Hartman, Ailbhe Hayes, Leanne Hays, Jan Heerman, Lars Heggelund, Ross Hendry, Martina Hennessy, Aquiles Henriquez, Maxime Hentzien, Diana Hernandez, Andrew Hershey, Liv Hesstvedt, Dawn Higgins, Eibhlin Higgins, Rupert Higgins, Samuel Hinton, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Hikombo Hitoto, Antonia Ho, Yi Bin Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Wei Han Hoh, Oscar Hoiting, Jan Cato Holter, Peter Horby, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Koji Hoshino, Kota Hoshino, Ikram Houas, Catherine L. Hough, Stuart Houltham, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Stella Huo, Abby Hurd, Iqbal Hussain, Samreen Ijaz, Arfan Ikram, Hajnal-Gabriela Illes, Patrick Imbert, Rana Imran Sikander, Hugo Inácio, Yun Sii Ing, Elias Iosifidis, Mariachiara Ippolito, Vera Irawany, Sarah Isgett, Tiago Isidoro, Nadiah Ismail, Margaux Isnard, Daniel Ivulich, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Nina Jamieson, Pierre Jaquet, Waasila Jassat, Coline Jaud-Fischer, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Florence Jego, Anilawati Mat Jelani, Synne Jenum, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ong Yiaw Joe, Ruth N. Jorge García, Cédric Joseph, Mark Joseph, Mercé Jourdain, Anna Jung, Dafsah Juzar, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Neerusha Kaisbain, Thavamany Kaleesvran, Sabina Kali, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, Nadiah Kamarudin, Chris Kandel, Kong Yeow Kang, Pratap Karpayah, Christiana Kartsonaki, Daisuke Kasugai, Anant Kataria, Kevin Katz, Christy Kay, Lamees Kayyali, Hannah Keane, Seán Keating, Andrea Kelly, Claire Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Kalynn Kennon, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Imrana Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Irfan Khan, Sushil Khanal, Michelle E Kho, Denisa Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Saye Khoo, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Peter Kiiza, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Alexander King, Nobuya Kitamura, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R Knight, Robin Kobbe, Caroline Kosgei, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Sudhir Krishnan, Vinothini Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Pavan Kumar Vecham, Ethan Kurtzman, Demetrios Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, John G. Laffey, Nadhem Lafhej, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Marc Lambert, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Naveed Latif, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andrew Law, Teresa Lawrence, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Paul Le Turnier, Biing Horng Lee, Heng Gee Lee, James Lee, Jennifer Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Todd C. Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Gary Leeming, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Laurent Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefèvre, Sylvie LeGac, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Marc Leone, Michela Leone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Sophie Letrou, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Katarzyna Lewandowska, Erwan L’Her, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Geoffrey Liegeon, Kah Chuan Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Chantre Lima, Bruno Lina, Lim Lina, Andreas Lind, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Samantha Lissauer, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Anthony L. Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lee Lee Low, Marije Lowik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos M. Luna, Liem Luong, Nestor Luque, Dominique Luton, Nilar Lwin, Ruth Lyons, Olavi Maasikas, Oryane Mabiala, Moïse Machado, Sara Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Hashmi Madiha, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S. Maier, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Malik, Paddy Mallon, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Ceila Maria Sant`Ana Malaque, Flávio Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Charbel Maroun Eid, Laura Marsh, John Marshall, Celina Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily Martin, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Martin Martinot, Alejandro Martín-Quiros, Ana Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, Olga Martynenko, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, David Maslove, Basri Mat Nor, Moshe Matan, Daniel Mathieu, Mathieu Mattei, Romans Matulevics, Laurence Maulin, Michael Maxwell, Thierry Mazzoni, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Colin McArthur, Aine McCarthy, Anne McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E. McDonald, Allison McGeer, Johnny McKeown, Kenneth A. McLean, Paul McNally, Bairbre McNicholas, Elaine McPartlan, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Omar Mehkri, Luis Melo, Joao Joao Mendes, France Mentré, Alexander J. Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Noémie Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, Laura Merson, António Mesquita, Osama Metwally, Agnès Meybeck, Dan Meyer, Alison M. Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Amina Meziane, Mehdi Mezidi, Céline Michelanglei, Isabelle Michelet, Efstathia Mihelis, Vladislav Mihnovit, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado, Nor Arisah Misnan, Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, Tahira Jamal Mohamed, Asma Moin, Elena Molinos, Brenda Molloy, Sinead Monahan, Mary Mone, Agostinho Monteiro, Claudia Montes, Giorgia Montrucchio, Sarah Moore, Shona C. Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Lucia Moro, Ben Morton, Ana Motos, Hugo Mouquet, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Caroline Mudara, Ng Yong Muh, Dzawani Muhamad, Jimmy Mullaert, Fredrik Müller, Karl Erik Müller, Daniel Munblit, Aisling Murphy, Lorna Murphy, Patrick Murray, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Gugapriyaa Muyandy, Alex Nagrebetsky, Mangala Narasimhan, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland, Nadège Neant, Holger Neb, Nikita Nekliudov, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Alistair Nichol, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Marion Noret, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Lisa Norman, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Jose I Nunez, Elsa Nyamankolly, Fionnuala O Brien, Annmarie O Callaghan, Annmarie O’Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max O’Donnell, Tawnya Ogston, João Oliveira, Larissa Oliveira, Piero L. Olliaro, Conar O’Neil, David S.Y. Ong, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Peter Openshaw, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Jamel Ortoleva, Javier Osatnik, Linda O’Shea, Miriam O’Sullivan, Siti Zubaidah Othman, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Eric Oziol, Maïder Pagadoy, Justine Pages, Amanda Palacios, Massimo Palmarini, Giovanna Panarello, Prasan Kumar Panda, Lai Hui Pang, Mauro Panigada, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Rachael Parke, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastene, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Luís Patrão, Patricia Patricio, Juliette Patrier, Lisa Patterson, Christelle Paul, Mical Paul, Jorge Paulos, William A. Paxton, Jean-François Payen, Kalaiarasu Peariasamy, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Mare Pejkovska, Ithan D. Peltan, Rui Pereira, Daniel Perez, Luis Periel, Thomas Perpoint, Antonio Pesenti, Vincent Pestre, Michele Petrovic, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Scott Pharand, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Carola Pierobon, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Valentine Piquard, Catarina Pires, Isabelle Pironneau, Lionel Piroth, Riinu Pius, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F. Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Mark G. Pritchard, Lucia Proença, Oriane Puéchal, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Fadi-Fadi Qutishat, Christian Rabaud, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, José Ramalho, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Grazielle Viana Ramos, Asim Rana, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Liadain Reid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Tiago Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Ana L Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Nicholas Rizer, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, David L. Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Bernhard Roessler, Pierre-Marie Roger, Emmanuel Roilides, Amanda Rojek, Juliette Romaru, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque Jr, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Stella Rousset, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Clark D. Russell, Maeve Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Maximilien Saint-Gilles, Pranya Sakiyalak, Leonardo Salazar, Gabriele Sales, Stéphane Sallaberry, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Olivier Sanchez, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Oana Sandulescu, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E. Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Parthena Savvidou, Yen Tsen Saw, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Michael Schwameis, Janet T. Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Caroline Semaille, Malcolm G. Semple, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Mohammad Shamsah, Shaikh Sharjeel, Pratima Sharma, Catherine A. Shaw, Victoria Shaw, John Robert Sheenan, Haixia Shi, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Louise Sigfrid, Piret Sillaots, Maria Joao Silva, Rogério Silva, Benedict Sim Lim Heng, Budha Charan Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Tze Vee Soh, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Emily Somers, Agnès Sommet, Myung Jin Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Albert Sotto, Edouard Soum, Ana Chora Sousa, Marta Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Ami Stuart, David Stuart, Richa Su, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y. Suen, Prasanth Sukumar, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Deepashankari Suppiah, Andrey Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Fabio S. Taccone, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Taku Tanaka, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S. Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Elmi Theron, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, David Thomson, Emma C. Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S. Thwaites, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Fiona Toal, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Marta Torre, Antoni Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Tony Trapani, Théo Trioux, Cécile Tromeur, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C.W. Turtle, Anders Tveita, Makoto Uchiyama, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M. Uyeki, Luís Val-Flores, Amélie Valran, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld Van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Ilonka van Veen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, James Vickers, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Benoit Visseaux, Chiara Vitiello, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Laura Walsh, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Jia Wei, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Evert-Jan Wils, Calvin Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Xin Ci Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, David Zucman.
Publisher Information:	PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
Publication Year:	2023
Collection:	IRIS Università degli Studi di Palermo
Subject Terms:	covid-19
Description:	Background: Using a large dataset, we evaluated prevalence and severity of alterations in liver enzymes in COVID-19 and association with patient-centred outcomes.MethodsWe included hospitalized patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection from the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) database. Key exposure was baseline liver enzymes (AST, ALT, bilirubin). Patients were assigned Liver Injury Classification score based on 3 components of enzymes at admission: Normal; Stage I) Liver injury: any component between 1-3x upper limit of normal (ULN); Stage II) Severe liver injury: any component & GE;3x ULN. Outcomes were hospital mortality, utilization of selected resources, complications, and durations of hospital and ICU stay. Analyses used logistic regression with associations expressed as adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOf 17,531 included patients, 46.2% (8099) and 8.2% (1430) of patients had stage 1 and 2 liver injury respectively. Compared to normal, stages 1 and 2 were associated with higher odds of mortality (OR 1.53 [1.37-1.71]; OR 2.50 [2.10-2.96]), ICU admission (OR 1.63 [1.48-1.79]; OR 1.90 [1.62-2.23]), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR 1.43 [1.27-1.70]; OR 1.95 (1.55-2.45). Stages 1 and 2 were also associated with higher odds of developing sepsis (OR 1.38 [1.27-1.50]; OR 1.46 [1.25-1.70]), acute kidney injury (OR 1.13 [1.00-1.27]; OR 1.59 [1.32-1.91]), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (OR 1.38 [1.22-1.55]; OR 1.80 [1.49-2.17]).ConclusionsLiver enzyme abnormalities are common among COVID-19 patients and associated with worse outcomes.
Document Type:	article in journal/newspaper
Language:	English
Relation:	info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/37703268; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001069529600027; volume:18; issue:9; numberofpages:10; journal:PLOS ONE; https://hdl.handle.net/10447/625097
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0277859
Availability:	https://hdl.handle.net/10447/625097; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277859
Rights:	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Accession Number:	edsbas.8B9A46F
Database:	BASE