| Title: |
Digital Pregnancy Test Powered by an Air-Breathing Paper-Based Microfluidic Fuel Cell Stack Using Human Urine as Fuel |
| Authors: |
Irma Lucia Vera-Estrada; Juan Manuel Olivares-Ramírez; Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz; Andrés Dector; Jorge Domingo Mendiola-Santibañez; Diana María Amaya-Cruz; Adrían Sosa-Domínguez; David Ortega-Díaz; Diana Dector; Victor Manuel Ovando-Medina; Iveth Dalila Antonio-Carmona |
| Source: |
Sensors, Vol 22, Iss 6641, p 6641 (2022) |
| Publisher Information: |
MDPI AG |
| Publication Year: |
2022 |
| Collection: |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
| Subject Terms: |
human urine; paper-based microfluidic fuel cell; lateral flow assay tests; pregnancy test; power supply; Chemical technology; TP1-1185 |
| Description: |
The direct integration of paper-based microfluidic fuel cells (μFC’s) toward creating autonomous lateral flow assays has attracted attention. Here, we show that an air-breathing paper-based μFC could be used as a power supply in pregnancy tests by oxidizing the human urine used for the diagnosis. We present an air-breathing paper-based μFC connected to a pregnancy test, and for the first time, as far as we know, it is powered by human urine without needing any external electrolyte. It uses TiO 2 -Ni as anode and Pt/C as cathode; the performance shows a maximum value of voltage and current and power densities of ∼0.96 V, 1.00 mA cm − 2 , and 0.23 mW cm − 2 , respectively. Furthermore, we present a simple design of a paper-based μFC’s stack powered with urine that shows a maximum voltage and maximum current and power densities of ∼1.89 V, 2.77 mA cm − 2 and 1.38 mW cm − 2 , respectively, which powers the display of a pregnancy test allowing to see the analysis results. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/17/6641; https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220; https://doaj.org/article/780aa4d431214e84949dde6b7e65c0ca |
| DOI: |
10.3390/s22176641 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176641; https://doaj.org/article/780aa4d431214e84949dde6b7e65c0ca |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.8D9CF1A6 |
| Database: |
BASE |