| Title: |
Retinoblastoma with and without Extraocular Tumor Extension |
| Authors: |
Swathi Kaliki, MD; Vijitha S. Vempuluru, MD; Ido Didi Fabian, MD; Elhassan Abdallah, MD; Shehu U. Abdullahi, MD; Rula A. Abdulqader, MD; Aminatu A. Abdulrahaman, MD; Sherif Abouelnaga, MD; Dupe S. Ademola-Popoola, FMCOph, FWACS; Adedayo Adio, FWACS; Mahmoud A. Afifi, MD; Armin R. Afshar, MD; Priyanka Aggarwal, MD; Ada E. Aghaji, FMCOph MSc; Alia Ahmad, MRCPCH UK; Marliyanti N.R. Akib, MD; Adeseye M. Akinsete, MBBS; Lamis Al Harby, MD; Saleh A. Al Mesfer, MD; Mouroge H. Al Ani, MD; Silvia Alarcón Portabella, MD; Safaa A.F. Al-Badri, MD; Ana Patricia A. Alcasabas, MD; Saad A. Al-Dahmash, MD; Amanda Alejos, MD; Ernesto Alemany-Rubio, MD; Amadou I. Alfa Bio, MD; Yvania Alfonso Carreras, MD; Christiane E. Al-Haddad, MD; Hamoud H.Y. Al-Hussaini, MD, MSc; Amany M. Ali, MD; Donjeta B. Alia, MD; Mazin F. Al-Jadiry, MD; Usama Al-Jumaly, MD; Hind M. Alkatan, MD; Charlotta All-Eriksson, MD, PhD; Ali A.R.M. Al-Mafrachi, FIBMS; Argentino A. Almeida, MD; Khalifa M. Alsawidi, MD; Athar A.S.M. Al-Shaheen, MD; Entissar H. Al-Shammary, MD; Doreen Amankwaa-Frempong, MBChB; Primawita O. Amiruddin, MD; Inggar Armytasari, MD; Nicholas J. Astbury, FRCS, FRCOphth; Hatice T. Atalay, MD; Eda Ataseven, MD; La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, MD; Rose Atsiaya, OCO; Rudolf Autrata, MD, PhD; Julia Balaguer, MD, PhD; Ruhengiz Balayeva, PhD; Honorio Barranco, MD, PhD; Paulina Bartoszek, MD; Katarina Bartuma, MD, PhD; Covadonga Bascaran, MD, MSc; Nikolaos E. Bechrakis, MD; Maja Beck Popovic, MD; Ainura S. Begimkulova, MD; Sarra Benmiloud, MD; Rokia C. Berete, MD, PhD; Jesse L. Berry, MD; Anirban Bhaduri, MD; Sunil Bhat, MBBS, MD; Arpita Bhattacharyya, MD; Eva M. Biewald, MD; Elaine Binkley, MD; Sharon Blum, MD; Nadia Bobrova, MD; H. Culver Boldt, MD; Maria Teresa B.C. Bonanomi, MD, PhD; Gabrielle C. Bouda, MD; Hédi Bouguila, MD, PhD; Rachel C. Brennan, MD; Bénédicte G. Brichard, MD, PhD; Jassada Buaboonnam, MD; Aléine Budiongo, MD; Matthew Burton, FRCOphth; Patricia Calderón-Sotelo, MD; Doris A. Calle Jara, MD; Jayne E. Camuglia, FRANZCO; Miriam R. Cano, MD, MSc; Michael Capra, FRCPI; Shani Caspi, MD; Nathalie Cassoux, MD, PhD; Guilherme Castela, MD; Luis Castillo, MD; Jaume Català-Mora, MD, PhD; Isabel Caviedes, MD; Arthika Chandramohan, MD; Guillermo L. Chantada, MD, PhD; Shabana Chaudhry, MD; Bhavna Chawla, MD; Wensi Chen, MD; Faraja S. Chiwanga, MSc; Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, MD, PhD; Krzysztof Cieslik, MD; Antony Clark, FRANZCO; Ruellyn L. Cockcroft, MB ChB , M Med Paed; Codruta Comsa, MD; Maria G. Correa Llano, MD; Timothy W. Corson, PhD; Line Couitchere, MD; Kristin E. Cowan-Lyn, MD, MBBS; Monika Csóka, MD, PhD; Wantanee Dangboon, MD; Anirban Das, MD; Pranab Das, MD; Sima Das, MS; Jacquelyn M. Davanzo, BSN, BSPH; Alan Davidson, MBChB, MPhil; Sonia De Francesco, MD; Patrick De Potter, MD, PhD; Karina Q. Delgado, MD, PhD; Hakan Demirci, MD; Laurence Desjardins, MD; Rosdali Y. Diaz Coronado, MD; Helen Dimaras, PhD; Andrew J. Dodgshun, M Phil; Carla R. Donato Macedo, MD; Monica D. Dragomir, MD, PhD; Yi Du, MD; Magritha Du Bruyn, MD; Johannes P. Du Plessis, MMed (Paed); Gagan Dudeja, MBBS, MS; Katrin Eerme, MD; I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, MD; Asmaa El Kettani, MD; Amal M. Elbahi, MD; James E. Elder, MBBS; Alaa M. Elhaddad, MD, PhD; Moawia M.A. Elhassan, MD; Mahmoud M. Elzembely, MD; Connor Ericksen, MD; Vera A. Essuman, FWACS; Ted Grimbert A. Evina, MD; Ifeoma R. Ezegwui, FMCOph, FWACS, FAEH; Zehra Fadoo, MBBS; Adriana C. Fandiño, MD; Mohammad Faranoush, MD; Oluyemi Fasina, FWACS; Delia D.P.G. Fernández, MSc; Ana Fernández-Teijeiro, MD, PhD; Allen Foster, FRCOphth; Shahar Frenkel, MD, PhD; Ligia D. Fu, MD; Soad L. Fuentes-Alabi, MD, MPH; Juan L. Garcia, MSc; David García Aldana, MD; Henry N. Garcia Pacheco, MD; Jennifer A. Geel, MBChB, MMed; Fariba Ghassemi, MD; Ana V. Girón, MD; Marco A. Goenz, MD; Aaron S. Gold, OD; Hila Golberg, MD; Glen A. Gole, MD, FRANZCO; Nir Gomel, MD; Efren Gonzalez, MD; Graciela Gonzalez Perez, MD; Liudmira González-Rodríguez, MD; Malka Gorfine, PhD; Jaime Graells, MD; Pernille A. Gregersen, MD; Nathalia D.A.K. Grigorovski, MD; Koffi M. Guedenon, MD; D Sanjeeva Gunasekera, MD; Ahmet K. Gündüz, MD; Himika Gupta, MD; Sanjiv Gupta, MS; Vineeta Gupta, MD; Theodora Hadjistilianou, MD; Patrick Hamel, MD; Syed A. Hamid, FCPS; Norhafizah Hamzah, MSc; Eric D. Hansen, MD; J William Harbour, MD; M. Elizabeth Hartnett, MD; Murat Hasanreisoglu, MD; Sadiq Hassan, MD, FWACS; Shadab Hassan, FRCS, FCPS; Wojciech Hautz, MD; Huda A. Haydar, CHD; Stanislava Hederova, MD; Laila Hessissen, MD; Hoby Lalaina, MD; Suradej Hongeng, MD; Diriba F. Hordofa, MD; G. Baker Hubbard, MD; Marlies Hummlen, MD; Kristina Husakova, MD; Allawi N. Hussein Al-Janabi, MD; Affiong A. Ibanga, MB.BCh, FMCOph; Russo Ida, MD; Vesna R. Ilic, MD; Ziyavuddin Islamov, MD; Vivekaraj Jairaj, DNB; Teyyeb A. Janjua, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd; Irfan Jeeva, FRCOphth; Xunda Ji, MD; Dong Hyun Jo, MD, PhD; Michael M. Jones, MD, PhD, FRANZCO; Theophile B. Amani Kabesha, MD, PhD; Rolande L. Kabore, MD; Abubakar Kalinaki, MD; Pius Kamsang, MD; Mehmet Kantar, MD; Noa Kapelushnik, MD; Tamar Kardava, PhD; Rejin Kebudi, MD; Jonny Keomisy, MD; Tomas Kepak, MD; Petra Ketteler, MD; Zohora J. Khan, MD; Hussain A. Khaqan, MD; Vikas Khetan, FRCS, FACS; Alireza Khodabande, MD; Zaza Khotenashvili, MD; Jonathan W. Kim, MD; Jeong Hun Kim, MD, PhD; Hayyam Kiratli, MD; Tero T. Kivelä, MD; Artur Klett, MD, PhD; Irem Koç, MD; Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet, MD; Dalia Krivaitiene, MD, PhD; Mariana Kruger, Mmed Paed, PhD; Kittisak Kulvichit, MD; Mayasari W. Kuntorini, MD; Alice Kyara, BA; Geoffrey C. Lam, FRANZCO; Scott A. Larson, MD; Slobodanka Latinović, MD, PhD; Kelly D. Laurenti, MD; Yotam Lavi, MD, PhD; Alenka Lavric Groznik, MD; Amy A. Leverant, MD; Cairui Li, MD; Kaijun Li, MD; Ben Limbu, MD; Chun-Hsiu Liu, MD; Quah Boon Long, FRCS (Ed), MMed ( Ophth), FAMS; Juan P. López, MD; Robert M. Lukamba, MD; Sandra Luna-Fineman, MD; Delfitri Lutfi, MD; Lesia Lysytsia, MD; Shiran Madgar, MD; George N. Magrath, MD; Amita Mahajan, MD; Puja Maitra, MD; Erika Maka, MD; Emil K. Makimbetov, MD; Azza M.Y. Maktabi, MD; Carlos Maldonado, MD; Ashwin Mallipatna, MD; Rebecca Manudhane, MD; Lyazat Manzhuova, MD; Nieves Martín Begue, MD, PhD; Sidra Masud, MBBS; Ibrahim O. Matende, MD, M. Med (Oph); Clarissa C.D.S. Mattosinho, MD; Marchelo Matua, BAPH; Ismail Mayet, MD; Freddy B. Mbumba, MD, MMed Paed; John D. McKenzie, MD; Azim Mehrvar, MD; Aemero A. Mengesha, MD; Vikas Menon, MD; Gary John V.D.D. Mercado, MD; Marilyn B. Mets, MD; Edoardo Midena, MD, PhD; Audra Miller, MD; Divyansh K.C. Mishra, DNB; Furahini G. Mndeme, MD; Ahmed A. Mohamedani, FRCPath; Mona T. Mohammad, MD, FRCS; Annette C. Moll, MD, PhD; Margarita M. Montero, MD; Claude Moreira, MD, PhD; Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, MD, MHS; Mchikirwa S. Msina, MMed Ophth; Gerald Msukwa, MMed Ophth; Sangeeta S. Mudaliar, DNB Pediatric; Hassan Muhammad, MD; Kangwa I. Muma, MMed Ophth, FCOphth; Francis L. Munier, MD; Timothy G. Murray, MD, MBA; Kareem O. Musa, FWACS, FMCOphth, FICO; Asma Mushtaq, MD; Anne A. Musika, MD; Hamzah Mustak, MD; Tajudeen Mustapha, MBBS, FWACS; Okwen M. Muyen, MD; Khumo H. Myezo, Msc; Gita Naidu, MMed Paed, PhD; Natasha Naidu, MBCHB, FCS Ophthalmol; Akshay Gopinathan Nair, MD; Sundaram Natarajan, FRCS; Larisa Naumenko, MD, PhD; Paule Aïda Ndoye Roth, MD PhD; Yetty M. Nency, MD; Vladimir Neroev, MD, PhD; Yvonne Ng, MBChB ( Auckland) , FRANZCO; Marina Nikitovic, MD, PhD; Elizabeth D. Nkanga, FMCOph; Henry E. Nkumbe, MD; Marcel N. Numbi, MD; Kalle Nummi, MD; Murtuza Nuruddin, FRCS; Mutale Nyaywa, MD, MMed Ophth, FCOphth; Chinsisi Nyirenda, MD; Ghislaine Obono-Obiang, MD; Scott C.N. Oliver, MD; Joaquin Ooporto, MD; Miriam Ortega-Hernández, MD; Alexander Oscar, MD; Diego Ossandon, MD; Halimah Pagarra, MD, PhD; Vivian Paintsil, FWACP; Luisa Paiva, MD; Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, FRCSED; Ruzanna Papyan, MD; Raffaele Parrozzani, MD, PhD; Claudia R. Pascual Morales, MD; Katherine E. Paton, MD, FRCSC; Jacob Pe'er, MD; Jesús Peralta Calvo, MD; Sanja Perić, MD, PhD; Chau T.M. Pham, MD; Remezo Philbert, MD; David A. Plager, MD; Pavel Pochop, MD, PhD; Rodrigo A. Polania, MD; Vladimir Polyakov, MD; Jimena Ponce, MD; Ali O. Qadir, MD; Seema Qayyum, FCPS; Jiang Qian, MD; Ardizal Rahman, MD; Purnima Rajkarnikar, MD; Rajesh Ramanjulu, MD; Aparna Ramasubramanian, MD; Marco A. Ramirez-Ortiz, MD, MPH; Jasmeen K. Randhawa, BA; Léa Raobela, MD; Riffat Rashid, MS; M. Ashwin Reddy, FRCOphth; Lorna A. Renner, FRCPCH (UK); David Reynders, MD; Dahiru Ribadu, FMCOph; Petra Ritter-Sovinz, MD; Anna Rogowska, MD; Duangnate Rojanaporn, MD; Livia Romero, MD; Soma R. Roy, DCO; Raya H. Saab, MD; Svetlana Saakyan, MD, PhD; Ahmed H. Sabhan, MD; Mandeep S. Sagoo, FRCS (Ed); Azza M.A. Said, MD; Rohit Saiju, MD; Beatriz Salas, MD; Sonsoles San Román Pacheco, MD; Gissela L. Sánchez, MD; Alma Janeth Sanchez Orozco, MD; Phayvanh Sayalith, MD; Trish A. Scanlan, MRCPI, MSc; Christoph Schwab, MD; Ahad Sedaghat, MD; Rachna Seth, DNB MNAMS; Mariana Sgroi, MD; Ankoor S. Shah, MD, PhD; Shawkat A. Shakoor, MS; Manoj K. Sharma, MD; Sadik T. Sherief, MD; Carol L. Shields, MD; David Sia, MB ChB, FRANZCO; Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, MD; Sidi Sidi cheikh, MD, PhD; Sónia Silva, MD; Arun D. Singh, MD; Usha Singh, MS; Penny Singha, MD; Rita S. Sitorus, MD, PhD; Alison H. Skalet, MD, PhD; Hendrian D. Soebagjo, MD, PhD; Tetyana Sorochynska, MD, PhD; Grace Ssali, MD; Andrew W. Stacey, MD; Sandra E. Staffieri, PhD; Erin D. Stahl, MD; David M. Steinberg, PhD; David K. Stones, MBChB, FCPaed; Caron Strahlendorf, MD; Maria Estela Coleoni Suarez, MD; Sadia Sultana, FCPS; Xiantao Sun, MD; Rosanne Superstein, MD; Eddy Supriyadi, MD, PhD; Supawan Surukrattanaskul, MD; Shigenobu Suzuki, MD, PhD; Karel Svojgr, MD, PhD; Fatoumata Sylla, MD; Gevorg Tamamyan, MD, PhD; Deborah Tan, MBBS; Alketa Tandili, MD, PhD; Jing Tang, MD; Fanny F. Tarrillo Leiva, MD; Maryam Tashvighi, MD; Bekim Tateshi, MD, PhD; Kok Hoi Teh, MD; Edi S. Tehuteru, MD; Luiz F. Teixeira, MD; Manca Tekavcic Pompe, MD, PhD; Abdullah Dahan M. Thawaba, MD; Tuyisabe Theophile, MSc; Helen Toledano, MBChB; Doan L. Trang, MD; Fousseyni Traoré, MD; Devjyoti Tripathy, MD; Samuray Tuncer, MD; Harba Tyau-Tyau, MD; Ali B. Umar, MD, FMCPath; Emel Unal, MD; Ogul E. Uner, BA; Steen F. Urbak, MD, PhD; Tatiana L. Ushakova, MD; Rustam H. Usmanov, MD; Sandra Valeina, MD; Paola Valente, MD; Milo van Hoefen Wijsard, MD; Jacqueline Karina Vasquez Anchaya, MD; Leon O. Vaughan, FRCS (Ed); Nevyana V. Veleva-Krasteva, MD, PhD; Nishant Verma, MD; Andi A. Victor, MD, PhD; Maris Viksnins, MD; Edwin G. Villacís Chafla, MD; Victor M. Villegas, MD; Victoria Vishnevskia-Dai, MD; Keith Waddell, DM, FRCP, FRCS, FRCOphth; Amina H. Wali, MD, FMCOph Nigeria; Yi-Zhuo Wang, MD; Nutsuchar Wangtiraumnuay, MD, FICO; Julie A. Wetter, MMed Rad Onc, FCRad Onc; Widiarti P. Riono, MD; Matthew W. Wilson, MD; Amelia D.C. Wime, MD; Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, MD; Damrong Wiwatwongwana, MD; Charlotte Wolley Dod, MD; Emily S. Wong, FCOphth HK, FHKAM; Phanthipha Wongwai, MD, PhD; Si-qi Wu, MSc; Daoman Xiang, MD, PhD; Yishuang Xiao, MSc; Bing Xu, MD; Kang Xue, MD; Antonio Yaghy, MD; Jason C. Yam, FRCSEd; Huasheng Yang, MD; Jenny M. Yanga, MD; Muhammad A. Yaqub, MD, FCPS, FRCSEd; Vera A. Yarovaya, MD; Andrey A. Yarovoy, MD, PhD; Huijing Ye, MD; Roberto I. Yee, MD; Yacoub A. Yousef, MD; Putu Yuliawati, MD; Arturo M. López, MD; Ekhtelbenina Zein, MD; Yi Zhang, MD, PhD; Katsiaryna Zhilyaeva, MD; Nida Zia, MBBS, MCPS; Othman A.O. Ziko, MD, PhD; Marcia Zondervan, MBA; Sabrina Schlüter, MD; Richard Bowman, FRCOphth |
| Source: |
Ophthalmology Science, Vol 5, Iss 2, Pp 100637- (2025) |
| Publisher Information: |
Elsevier |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
Directory of Open Access Journals: DOAJ Articles |
| Subject Terms: |
External beam radiotherapy; Extraocular extension; Multimodal treatment; Retinoblastoma; Tumor; Ophthalmology; RE1-994 |
| Description: |
Purpose: To study the treatment and outcomes of children with retinoblastoma (RB) with extraocular tumor extension (RB-EOE) and compare them with RB without extraocular tumor extension (RB-w/o-EOE). Design: Multicenter intercontinental collaborative prospective study from 2017 to 2020. RB-EOE cases included those with overt orbital tumor extension in treatment-naive patients. Cases with microscopic orbital extension detected postenucleation were excluded from the study. Participants: A total of 319 children with RB-EOE and 3116 children with RB-w/o-EOE. Intervention: Chemotherapy, enucleation, exenteration, radiotherapy. Main Outcome Measures: Systemic metastasis and death. Results: Of the 3435 RB patients included in this study, 309 (9%) were from low-income countries (LIC), 1448 (42%) from lower-middle income, 1012 (29%) from upper-middle income, and 666 (19%) patients from high-income countries. There was an inverse relationship between the percentage of RB-EOE and national income level, with 96 (31%) patients from LIC, 197 (6%) lower-middle income, 20 (2%) upper-middle income, and 6 (1%) patients from high-income countries (P = 0.0001). The outcomes were statistically significant for RB-EOE compared with RB-w/o-EOE: systemic metastasis (32% vs. 4% respectively; P = 0.0001) and metastasis-related death (63% vs. 6% respectively; P = 0.0001). Multimodal treatment was the most common form of treatment (n = 177; 54%) for RB-EOE, with most cases undergoing a combination of intravenous chemotherapy and enucleation (n = 97; 30%). Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) after surgery (enucleation/orbital exenteration) was given in only 68 (21%) cases. Kaplan–Meier analysis for systemic metastasis and metastasis-related death in RB-EOE was 28% and 57% at 1 year, 29% and 60% at 2 years, and 29% and 61% at 3 years, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk of death from RB-EOE was greater in patients aged >4 years than |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666914524001738; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-9145; https://doaj.org/article/6f4d7aa08a0049b5934d5fb4885d9275 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.xops.2024.100637 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2024.100637; https://doaj.org/article/6f4d7aa08a0049b5934d5fb4885d9275 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.91E85CBE |
| Database: |
BASE |