| Title: |
Benchmarking CO2 Storage Simulations: Results from the 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project |
| Authors: |
Nordbotten, Jan; Fernø, Martin; Flemisch, Bernd; Kovscek, Anthony; Lie, Knut-Andreas; Both, Jakub; Møyner, Olav; Sandve, Tor Harald; Ahusborde, Etienne; Bauer, Sebastian; Chen, Zhangxing; Class, Holger; Di, Chaojie; Ding, Didier; Element, David; Flauraud, Eric; Franc, Jacques; Gasanzade, Firdovsi; Ghomian, Yousef; Giddins, Marie Ann; Green, Christopher; Fernandes, Bruno R.B.; Hadjisotiriou, George; Hammond, Glenn; Huang, Hai; Kachuma, Dickson; Kern, Michel; Koch, Timo; Krishnamurthy, Prasanna; Lye, Kjetil Olsen; Landa-Marbán, David; Nole, Michael; Orsini, Paolo; Ruby, Nicolas; Salinas, Pablo; Sayyafzadeh, Mohammad; Torben, Jakob; Turner, Adam; Voskov, Denis; Wendel, Kai; Youssef, Abdallah |
| Contributors: |
Department of Mathematics Bergen (UiB); University of Bergen (UiB); Norwegian Research Center (NORCE); Department of Physics and Technology Bergen (UiB); University of Stuttgart = Universität Stuttgart; Department of Energy Resources Engineering Stanford (ERE); Stanford EARTH; Stanford University-Stanford University; Stiftelsen for INdustriell og TEknisk Forskning Digital Trondheim (SINTEF Digital); Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications Pau (LMAP); Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institute of Geosciences Kiel; Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel = Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel = Université Christian-Albrechts de Kiel (CAU); Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Calgary; Schulich School of Engineering; University of Calgary-University of Calgary; Eastern Institute of Technology Ningbo, China; IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN); Tetra Tech RPS Energy (tetratech); Chevron Energy Technology Company; Schlumberger; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology (CSIRO Energy Technology); Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Australia (CSIRO); University of Texas at Austin Austin; Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft; Delft University of Technology (TU Delft); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); TotalEnergies ( Total Energies. Anciennement : Total, TotalFina, TotalFinaElf ); Simulation for the Environment: Reliable and Efficient Numerical Algorithms (SERENA); Centre Inria de Paris; Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS UMR 9032); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC); Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC); Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)-Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris); Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS); École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC); Simula Research Laboratory OSLO; ExxonMobil Corporation (XOM); ResFrac Corporation (resfrac); OpenGoSim (opengosim); King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM); The work was supported in part by the PoroTwin2 project, funded by Harbour Energy Norge AS.The work was partially supported by NSERC (Natural Science and Engineering Research Council)/Energi Simulation and Alberta Innovates Chairs; funding number: 365863-17.The work was supported by Kiel University by providing high-performance computing resources at the Kiel University Computing Centre.The work was funded by TotalEnergies and Chevron through the FC-Maelstrom project, a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Total Energies, Chevron, and Stanford University. Portions of this work were performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The work was partially supported by Gassnova through the Climit Demo program and by Equinor ASA (622059). Sandve and Landa-Marbán acknowledge additional funding from the Centre of Sustainable Subsurface Resources (CSSR), grant no. 331841, supported by the Research Council of Norway, research partners NORCE (Norwegian Research Centre) and the University of Bergen, and user partners Equinor ASA, Harbour Energy, Sumitomo Corporation, Earth Science Analytics, GCE Ocean Technology, and SLB Scandinavia.This project was provided with computer and storage resources by GENCI at CINES thanks to the grant AD010610019R3 on the GENOA partition of the Adastra supercomputer.The work was supported by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory’s LaboratoryDirected Research and Development (LDRD) program, Award No. 211622. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.The work was financially supported by the Collaborative Research Cluster CRC 1313 (DFG – German Research Foundation, Project Number 32754368-SFB 1313, where Wendel received three months of funding. Flemisch would like to thank the Federal Government and the Heads of Government of the Länder, as well as the Joint Science Conference (GWK), for their initiative within the framework of the NFDI4ING and Base4NFDI consortia (German Research Foundation (DFG) - project numbers 442146713, 521474032).This work was financially supported by the internal R&D funds of Tetra Tech. We thank Rock Flow Dynamics for their support and license provision.The work developed by the team using SLB IX was funded by ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Company, Spring, Texas, USA. |
| Source: |
ISSN: 1750-5836 ; International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control ; https://inria.hal.science/hal-05186397 ; International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2025, 148, pp.104519. ⟨10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104519⟩. |
| Publisher Information: |
CCSD; Elsevier |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
HAL e2s UPPA (Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour) |
| Subject Terms: |
Geophysics; Computational Engineering; Numerical Analysis; [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] |
| Description: |
International audience ; The 11th Society of Petroleum Engineers Comparative Solution Project (shortened SPE11 herein) benchmarked simulation tools for geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage. A total of 45 groups from leading research institutions and industry across the globe signed up to participate, with 18 ultimately contributing valid results that were included in the comparative study reported here. This paper summarizes the SPE11. A comprehensive introduction and qualitative discussion of the submitted data are provided, together with an overview of online resources for accessing the full depth of data. A global metric for analyzing the relative distance between submissions is proposed and used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the submissions. This analysis attempts to statistically resolve the key aspects influencing the variability between submissions. The study shows that the major qualitative variation between the submitted results is related to thermal effects, dissolution-driven convective mixing, and resolution of facies discontinuities. Moreover, a strong dependence on grid resolution is observed across all three versions of the SPE11. However, our quantitative analysis suggests that the observed variations are predominantly influenced by factors not documented in the technical responses provided by the participants. We therefore identify that unreported variations due to human choices within the process of setting up, conducting, and reporting on the simulations underlying each SPE11 submission are at least as impactful as the computational choices reported. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://doi.org/10.18419/DARUS-4750; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/arxiv/2507.15861; ARXIV: 2507.15861 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104519 |
| Availability: |
https://inria.hal.science/hal-05186397; https://inria.hal.science/hal-05186397v1/document; https://inria.hal.science/hal-05186397v1/file/BenchCO2.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2025.104519 |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.96859F99 |
| Database: |
BASE |