| Title: |
Updating methods for artificial intelligence–based clinical prediction models:a scoping review |
| Authors: |
Meijerink, Lotta M.; Dunias, Zoë S.; Leeuwenberg, Artuur M.; de Hond, Anne A.H.; Jenkins,David A.; Martin,Glen P.; Sperrin,Matthew; Peek,Niels; Spijker,René; Hooft, Lotty; Moons, Karel G.M.; van Smeden, Maarten; Schuit, Ewoud; Epi Methoden Team 1; Cancer; Epi Methoden Team 2; Epidemiology & Health Economics; JC onderzoeksprogramma Methodology; Epi Methoden; Datascience; Infection & Immunity |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Subject Terms: |
Artificial intelligence; Knowledge transfer; Machine learning; Model updating; Prediction models; Transfer learning; Epidemiology |
| Description: |
Objectives: To give an overview of methods for updating artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical prediction models based on new data. Study Design and Setting: We comprehensively searched Scopus and Embase up to August 2022 for articles that addressed developments, descriptions, or evaluations of prediction model updating methods. We specifically focused on articles in the medical domain involving AI-based prediction models that were updated based on new data, excluding regression-based updating methods as these have been extensively discussed elsewhere. We categorized and described the identified methods used to update the AI-based prediction model as well as the use cases in which they were used. Results: We included 78 articles. The majority of the included articles discussed updating for neural network methods (93.6%) with medical images as input data (65.4%). In many articles (51.3%) existing, pretrained models for broad tasks were updated to perform specialized clinical tasks. Other common reasons for model updating were to address changes in the data over time and cross-center differences; however, more unique use cases were also identified, such as updating a model from a broad population to a specific individual. We categorized the identified model updating methods into four categories: neural network-specific methods (described in 92.3% of the articles), ensemble-specific methods (2.5%), model-agnostic methods (9.0%), and other (1.3%). Variations of neural network-specific methods are further categorized based on the following: (1) the part of the original neural network that is kept, (2) whether and how the original neural network is extended with new parameters, and (3) to what extent the original neural network parameters are adjusted to the new data. The most frequently occurring method (n = 30) involved selecting the first layer(s) of an existing neural network, appending new, randomly initialized layers, and then optimizing the entire neural network. Conclusion: We identified many ways to ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
text/plain |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
0895-4356 |
| Relation: |
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/459945 |
| Availability: |
https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/459945 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.9776A69C |
| Database: |
BASE |