| Title: |
Augmented Reality Visualization of Brain Structures with Stereo and Kinetic Depth Cues: System Description and Initial Evaluation with Head Phantom |
| Authors: |
Calvin R. Maurer; Jr.; Frank Sauer; Bo Hu C; Benedicte Bascle D; Bernhard Geiger D; Fabian Wenzel D; Torsten Rohlfing A; Christopher M. Brown C; Robert S. Bakos A; Robert J. Maciunas A; Ali Bani-hashemi D |
| Contributors: |
The Pennsylvania State University CiteSeerX Archives |
| Source: |
http://www.stanford.edu/~rohlfing/publications/./2001-maurer-spie-augmented_reality.pdf. |
| Publication Year: |
2001 |
| Collection: |
CiteSeerX |
| Description: |
We are developing a video see-through head-mounted display (HMD) augmented reality (AR) system for imageguided neurosurgical planning and navigation. The surgeon wears a HMD that presents him with the augmented stereo view. The HMD is custom fitted with two miniature color video cameras that capture a stereo view of the real-world scene. We are concentrating specifically at this point on cranial neurosurgery, so the images will be of the patient's head. A third video camera, operating in the near infrared, is also attached to the HMD and is used for head tracking. The pose (i.e., position and orientation) of the HMD is used to determine where to overlay anatomic structures segmented from preoperative tomographic images (e.g., CT, MR) on the intraoperative video images. Two SGI 540 Visual Workstation computers process the three video streams and render the augmented stereo views for display on the HMD. The AR system operates in real time at 30 frames/sec with a temporal latency of about three frames (100 ms) and zero relative lag between the virtual objects and the real-world scene. For an initial evaluation of the system, we created AR images using a head phantom with actual internal anatomic structures (segmented from CT and MR scans of a patient) realistically positioned inside the phantom. When using shaded renderings, many users had difficulty appreciating overlaid brain structures as being inside the head. When using wire frames and texture-mapped dot patterns, most users correctly visualized brain anatomy as being internal and could generally appreciate spatial relationships among various objects. The 3-D perception of these structures is based on both stereoscopic depth cues and kinetic depth cues, with the user looking at the head phantom from varying positions. T. |
| Document Type: |
text |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.1055 |
| Availability: |
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.2.1055; http://www.stanford.edu/~rohlfing/publications/./2001-maurer-spie-augmented_reality.pdf |
| Rights: |
Metadata may be used without restrictions as long as the oai identifier remains attached to it. |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.A3CBCE80 |
| Database: |
BASE |