Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses
| Title: | Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Michael, Benedict D.; Dunai, Cordelia; Needham, Edward J.; Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini; Williams, Robyn; Huang, Yun; Boardman, Sarah A.; Clark, Jordan J.; Sharma, Parul; Subramaniam, Krishanthi; Wood, Greta K.; Collie, Ceryce; Digby, Richard; Ren, Alexander; Norton, Emma; Leibowitz, Maya; Ebrahimi, Soraya; Fower, Andrew; Fox, Hannah; Tato, Esteban; Ellul, Mark A.; Sunderland, Geraint; Held, Marie; Hetherington, Claire; Egbe, Franklyn N.; Palmos, Alish; Stirrups, Kathy; Grundmann, Alexander; Chiollaz, Anne-Cecile; Sanchez, Jean-Charles; Stewart, James P.; Griffiths, Michael; Solomon, Tom; Breen, Gerome; Coles, Alasdair J.; Kingston, Nathalie; Bradley, John R.; Chinnery, Patrick F.; Cavanagh, Jonathan; Irani, Sarosh R.; Vincent, Angela; Baillie, J. Kenneth; Openshaw, Peter J.; Semple, Malcolm G.; Alex, Beatrice; Andrikopoulos, Petros; Bach, Benjamin; Barclay, Wendy S.; Bogaert, Debby; Chand, Meera; Chechi, Kanta; Cooke, Graham S.; da Silva, Ana; de Silva, Thushan; Docherty, Annemarie B.; dos Santos, Gonçalo; Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel; Dunning, Jake; Fletcher, Tom; Green, Christoper A.; Greenhalf, William; Griffin, Julian L.; Gupta, Rishi K.; Harrison, Ewen M.; Wai, Antonia Y.; Holden, Karl; Horby, Peter W.; Ijaz, Samreen; Khoo, Saye; Klenerman, Paul; Law, Andrew; Lewis, Matthew R.; Liggi, Sonia; Lim, Wei S.; Maslen, Lynn; Mentzer, Alexander J.; Merson, Laura; Meynert, Alison M.; Moore, Shona C.; Noursadeghi, Mahdad; Olanipekun, Michael; Osagie, Anthonia; Palmarini, Massimo; Palmieri, Carlo; Paxton, William A.; Pollakis, Georgios; Price, Nicholas; Rambaut, Andrew; Robertson, David L.; Russell, Clark D.; Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa; Sands, Caroline J.; Scott, Janet T.; Sigfrid, Louise; Sriskandan, Shiranee; Stuart, David; Summers, Charlotte; Swann, Olivia V.; Takats, Zoltan; Takis, Panteleimon; Tedder, Richard S.; Thompson, A. A. R.; Thomson, Emma C.; Thwaites, Ryan S.; Turtle, Lance C.; Zambon, Maria; Drake, Thomas M.; Fairfield, Cameron J.; Knight, Stephen R.; Mclean, Kenneth A.; Murphy, Derek; Norman, Lisa; Pius, Riinu; Shaw, Catherine A.; Connor, Marie; Dalton, Jo; Gamble, Carrol; Girvan, Michelle; Halpin, Sophie; Harrison, Janet; Jackson, Clare; Lee, James; Marsh, Laura; Plotkin, Daniel; Roberts, Stephanie; Saviciute, Egle; Clohisey, Sara; Hendry, Ross; Knight, Susan; Lahnsteiner, Eva; Leeming, Gary; Norris, Lucy; Scott-Brown, James; Tait, Sarah; Wham, Murray; Clark, Richard; Coutts, Audrey; Donnelly, Lorna; Fawkes, Angie; Gilchrist, Tammy; Hafezi, Katarzyna; MacGillivray, Louise; Maclean, Alan; McCafferty, Sarah; Morrice, Kirstie; Murphy, Lee; Wrobel, Nicola; Carson, Gail; Adeniji, Kayode; Agranoff, Daniel; Agwuh, Ken; Ail, Dhiraj; Aldera, Erin L.; Alegria, Ana; Allen, Sam; Angus, Brian; Ashish, Abdul; Atkinson, Dougal; Bari, Shahedal; Barlow, Gavin; Barnass, Stella; Barrett, Nicholas; Bassford, Christopher; Basude, Sneha; Baxter, David; Beadsworth, Michael; Bernatoniene, Jolanta; Berridge, John; Berry, Colin; Best, Nicola; Bothma, Pieter; Brittain-Long, Robin; Bulteel, Naomi; Burden, Tom; Burtenshaw, Andrew; Caruth, Vikki; Chadwick, David; Chambler, Duncan; Chee, Nigel; Child, Jenny; Chukkambotla, Srikanth; Clark, Tom; Collini, Paul; Cosgrove, Catherine; Cupitt, Jason; Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa; Dark, Paul; Dawson, Chris; Dervisevic, Samir; Donnison, Phil; Douthwaite, Sam; Drummond, Andrew; DuRand, Ingrid; Dushianthan, Ahilanadan; Dyer, Tristan; Evans, Cariad; Eziefula, Chi; Fegan, Chrisopher; Finn, Adam; Fullerton, Duncan; Garg, Sanjeev; Garg, Atul; Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni; Godden, Jo; Goldsmith, Arthur; Graham, Clive; Grammatikopoulos, Tassos; Hardy, Elaine; Hartshorn, Stuart; Harvey, Daniel; Havalda, Peter; Hawcutt, Daniel B.; Hobrok, Maria; Hodgson, Luke; Hormis, Anil; Howard, Joanne; Jacobs, Michael; Jain, Susan; Jennings, Paul; Kaliappan, Agilan; Kasipandian, Vidya; Kegg, Stephen; Kelsey, Michael; Kendall, Jason; Kerrison, Caroline; Kerslake, Ian; Koch, Oliver; Koduri, Gouri; Koshy, George; Laha, Shondipon; Laird, Steven; Larkin, Susan; Leiner, Tamas; Lillie, Patrick; Limb, James; Linnett, Vanessa; Little, Jeff; Lyttle, Mark; MacMahon, Michael; MacNaughton, Emily; Mankregod, Ravish; Masson, Huw; Matovu, Elijah; McCullough, Katherine; McEwen, Ruth; Meda, Manjula; Mills, Gary; Minton, Jane; Mohandas, Kavya; Mok, Quen; Moon, James; Moore, Elinoor; Morgan, Patrick; Morris, Craig; Mortimore, Katherine; Moses, Samuel; Mpenge, Mbiye; Mulla, Rohinton; Murphy, Michael; Nagarajan, Thapas; Nagel, Megan; Nelson, Mark; Norris, Lillian; O'Shea, Matthew K.; Ostermann, Marlies; Otahal, Igor; Pais, Mark; Panchatsharam, Selva; Papakonstantinou, Danai; Papineni, Padmasayee; Paraiso, Hassan; Patel, Brij; Pattison, Natalie; Pepperell, Justin; Peters, Mark; Phull, Mandeep; Pintus, Stefania; Planche, Tim; Post, Frank; Price, David; Prout, Rachel; Rae, Nikolas; Reschreiter, Henrik; Reynolds, Tim; Richardson, Neil; Roberts, Mark; Roberts, Devender; Rose, Alistair; Rousseau, Guy; Ruge, Bobby; Ryan, Brendan; Saluja, Taranprit; Schmid, Matthias L.; Shah, Aarti; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Shanmuga, Prad; Sharma, Anil; Shawcross, Anna; Pooni, Jagtur S.; Sizer, Jeremy; Smith, Richard; Snelson, Catherine; Spittle, Nick; Staines, Nikki; Stambach, Tom; Stewart, Richard; Subudhi, Pradeep; Szakmany, Tamas; Tatham, Kate; Thomas, Jo; Thompson, Chris; Thompson, Robert; Tridente, Ascanio; Tupper-Carey, Darell; Twagira, Mary; Vallotton, Nick; Vancheeswaran, Rama; Vincent, Rachel; Vincent-Smith, Lisa; Visuvanathan, Shico; Vuylsteke, Alan; Waddy, Sam; Wake, Rachel; Walden, Andrew; Welters, Ingeborg; Whitehouse, Tony; Whittaker, Paul; Whittington, Ashley; Wijesinghe, Meme; Williams, Martin; Wilson, Lawrence; Winchester, Stephen; Wiselka, Martin; Wolverson, Adam; Wootton, Daniel G.; Workman, Andrew; Yates, Bryan; Young, Peter; McDonald, Sarah E.; Shaw, Victoria; Ahmed, Katie A.; Armstrong, Jane A.; Ashworth, Milton; Asiimwe, Innocent G.; Bakshi, Siddharth; Barlow, Samantha L.; Booth, Laura; Brennan, Benjamin; Bullock, Katie; Carlucci, Nicola; Cass, Emily; Catterall, Benjamin W.; Clarke, Emily A.; Cole, Sarah; Cooper, Louise; Cox, Helen; Davis, Christopher; Dincarslan, Oslem; Carracedo, Alejandra D.; Dunn, Chris; Dyer, Philip; Elliott, Angela; Evans, Anthony; Finch, Lorna; Fisher, Lewis W.; Flaherty, Lisa; Foster, Terry; Garcia-Dorival, Isabel; Gunning, Philip; Hartley, Catherine; Holmes, Anthony; Jensen, Rebecca L.; Jones, Christopher B.; Jones, Trevor R.; Khandaker, Shadia; King, Katharine; Kiy, Robyn T.; Koukorava, Chrysa; Lake, Annette; Lant, Suzannah; Latawiec, Diane; Lavelle-Langham, Lara; Lefteri, Daniella; Lett, Lauren; Livoti, Lucia A.; Mancini, Maria; Massey, Hannah; Maziere, Nicole; McDonald, Sarah; McEvoy, Laurence; McLauchlan, John; Metelmann, Soeren; Miah, Nahida S.; Middleton, Joanna; Mitchell, Joyce; Murphy, Ellen G.; Penrice-Randal, Rebekah; Pilgrim, Jack; Prince, Tessa; Reynolds, Will; Ridley, P. M.; Sales, Debby; Shaw, Victoria E.; Shears, Rebecca K.; Small, Benjamin; Subramaniam, Krishanthi S.; Szemiel, Agnieska; Taggart, Aislynn; Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta; Thomas, Jordan; Trochu, Erwan; Tonder, Libby v.; Wilcock, Eve; Zhang, J. E.; Keating, Seán; Donegan, Cara; Spencer, Rebecca G.; Donohue, Chloe; Griffiths, Fiona; Hardwick, Hayley; Oosthuyzen, Wilna; Hampshire, Adam; Sieradzki, Adam; Seed, Adam W.; Garjani, Afagh; Nair, Akshay; Coles, Alaisdair; Carson, Alan; Darby, Alastair; Dregan, Alex; Al-Chalabi, Ammar; McIntosh, Andrew M.; Holland, Angela E.; Roberts, Angela; Venneri, Annalena; David, Anthony S.; Tamborska, Arina; Patel, Arvind; Easton, Ava; Blackledge, Bethan; Facer, Bethany; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Sargent, Brendan; Leek, Charles; Armour, Cherie; Morris, Christopher M.; Allen, Christopher M.; Mulholland, Ciaran; MacIver, Claire L.; Smith, Craig J.; van, Daniel J.; Madarshahian, Daniel; Christmas, David; Cousins, David; Menon, David K.; Christmas, David M.; Breen, David P.; Monssen, Dina; Bullmore, Edward; Needham, Edward; McGlinchey, Emily; Thomson, Emma; Duff, Eugene; Hodel, Eva M.; Harrison, Ewan; Zelaya, Fernando; Lewis, Gabriella; McDonnell, Gavin; Williams, Guy B.; Hannah, C.; Rogers, Henry C.; Smith, Jacqueline; Harris, Jade D.; Lilleker, James B.; Amin, Jay; Aggleton, John P.; Taylor, John-Paul; Coleman, Jonathan R.; Underwood, Jonathan; Breuer, Judith; Hiscox, Julian; Miller, Karla; Dodd, Katherine C.; Glen, Kiran; Benjamin, Laura; Taams, Leonie; George, Lily; Hardwick, Marc; Baker, Mark R.; Husain, Masud; Butler, Matthew; Hotopf, Matthew; Broome, Matthew R.; Samuel, Merna; Lunn, Michael P.; Zandi, Michael S.; Hartmann, Monika; Cossette, Nadine; Martin, Naomi; Nicholas, Nathalie; Harrison, Neil A.; Basu, Neil; Harrison, Neil; Davies, Nicholas; Wood, Nicholas; Evangelou, Nikos; Shaw, Pamela J.; Mansoori, Parisa; Harrison, Paul J.; Jezzard, Peter; Fernandes, Peter M.; Upthegrove, Rachel; Batra, Rahul; Gregory, Rebecca; Thomas, Rhys H.; Bethlehem, Richard; Francis, Richard; O'Malley, Ronan; Salman, Rustam A.; McIlwaine, Ryan; Kyaw, Sandar; Irani, Sarosh; Gunatilake, Savini; Semple, Scott; Hamid, Shahd H.; Peacock, Sharon; Rota, Silvia; Keller, Simon; Pendered, Sophie; Barrett, Suzanne; Hughes, Stella; Paddick, Stella-Maria; Sawcer, Stephen J.; Smith, Stephen; Williams, Steven; Wong, Sui H.; Defres, Sylviane; Jackson, Thomas; Jenkins, Thomas M.; Pollak, Thomas; Nicholson, Timothy; Veenith, Tonny; Grimbly, Victoria; Newcombe, Virginia; Taams, Leonie S. |
| Publisher Information: | Nature Research |
| Publication Year: | 2023 |
| Collection: | Cardiff University: ORCA (Online Research @ Cardiff) |
| Description: | To understand neurological complications of COVID-19 better both acutely and for recovery, we measured markers of brain injury, inflammatory mediators, and autoantibodies in 203 hospitalised participants; 111 with acute sera (1–11 days post-admission) and 92 convalescent sera (56 with COVID-19-associated neurological diagnoses). Here we show that compared to 60 uninfected controls, tTau, GFAP, NfL, and UCH-L1 are increased with COVID-19 infection at acute timepoints and NfL and GFAP are significantly higher in participants with neurological complications. Inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, HGF, M-CSF, CCL2, and IL-1RA) are associated with both altered consciousness and markers of brain injury. Autoantibodies are more common in COVID-19 than controls and some (including against MYL7, UCH-L1, and GRIN3B) are more frequent with altered consciousness. Additionally, convalescent participants with neurological complications show elevated GFAP and NfL, unrelated to attenuated systemic inflammatory mediators and to autoantibody responses. Overall, neurological complications of COVID-19 are associated with evidence of neuroglial injury in both acute and late disease and these correlate with dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses acutely. |
| Document Type: | article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: | application/pdf |
| Language: | English |
| Relation: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/165123/1/Michael%20et%20al.%20-%202023%20-%20Para-infectious%20brain%20injury%20in%20COVID-19%20persists%20.pdf; Michael, Benedict D., Dunai, Cordelia, Needham, Edward J., Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, Williams, Robyn, Huang, Yun, Boardman, Sarah A., Clark, Jordan J., Sharma, Parul, Subramaniam, Krishanthi, Wood, Greta K., Collie, Ceryce, Digby, Richard, Ren, Alexander, Norton, Emma, Leibowitz, Maya, Ebrahimi, Soraya, Fower, Andrew, Fox, Hannah, Tato, Esteban, Ellul, Mark A., Sunderland, Geraint, Held, Marie, Hetherington, Claire, Egbe, Franklyn N., Palmos, Alish, Stirrups, Kathy, Grundmann, Alexander, Chiollaz, Anne-Cecile, Sanchez, Jean-Charles, Stewart, James P., Griffiths, Michael, Solomon, Tom, Breen, Gerome, Coles, Alasdair J., Kingston, Nathalie, Bradley, John R., Chinnery, Patrick F., Cavanagh, Jonathan, Irani, Sarosh R., Vincent, Angela, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Openshaw, Peter J., Semple, Malcolm G., Baillie, J. Kenneth, Openshaw, Peter J., Semple, Malcolm G., Alex, Beatrice, Andrikopoulos, Petros, Bach, Benjamin, Barclay, Wendy S., Bogaert, Debby, Chand, Meera, Chechi, Kanta, Cooke, Graham S., da Silva, Ana, de Silva, Thushan, Docherty, Annemarie B., dos Santos, Gonçalo, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Dunning, Jake, Fletcher, Tom, Green, Christoper A., Greenhalf, William, Griffin, Julian L., Gupta, Rishi K., Harrison, Ewen M., Wai, Antonia Y., Holden, Karl, Horby, Peter W., Ijaz, Samreen, Khoo, Saye, Klenerman, Paul, Law, Andrew, Lewis, Matthew R., Liggi, Sonia, Lim, Wei S., Maslen, Lynn, Mentzer, Alexander J., Merson, Laura, Meynert, Alison M., Moore, Shona C., Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Olanipekun, Michael, Osagie, Anthonia, Palmarini, Massimo, Palmieri, Carlo, Paxton, William A., Pollakis, Georgios, Price, Nicholas, Rambaut, Andrew, Robertson, David L., Russell, Clark D., Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sands, Caroline J., Scott, Janet T., Sigfrid, Louise, Solomon, Tom, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stuart, David, Summers, Charlotte, Swann, Olivia V., Takats, Zoltan, Takis, Panteleimon, Tedder, Richard S., Thompson, A. A. R., Thomson, Emma C., Thwaites, Ryan S., Turtle, Lance C., Zambon, Maria, Drake, Thomas M., Fairfield, Cameron J., Knight, Stephen R., Mclean, Kenneth A., Murphy, Derek, Norman, Lisa, Pius, Riinu, Shaw, Catherine A., Connor, Marie, Dalton, Jo, Gamble, Carrol, Girvan, Michelle, Halpin, Sophie, Harrison, Janet, Jackson, Clare, Lee, James, Marsh, Laura, Plotkin, Daniel, Roberts, Stephanie, Saviciute, Egle, Clohisey, Sara, Hendry, Ross, Knight, Susan, Lahnsteiner, Eva, Leeming, Gary, Norris, Lucy, Scott-Brown, James, Tait, Sarah, Wham, Murray, Clark, Richard, Coutts, Audrey, Donnelly, Lorna, Fawkes, Angie, Gilchrist, Tammy, Hafezi, Katarzyna, MacGillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, McCafferty, Sarah, Morrice, Kirstie, Murphy, Lee, Wrobel, Nicola, Carson, Gail, Adeniji, Kayode, Agranoff, Daniel, Agwuh, Ken, Ail, Dhiraj, Aldera, Erin L., Alegria, Ana, Allen, Sam, Angus, Brian, Ashish, Abdul, Atkinson, Dougal, Bari, Shahedal, Barlow, Gavin, Barnass, Stella, Barrett, Nicholas, Bassford, Christopher, Basude, Sneha, Baxter, David, Beadsworth, Michael, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Berridge, John, Berry, Colin, Best, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Brittain-Long, Robin, Bulteel, Naomi, Burden, Tom, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Caruth, Vikki, Chadwick, David, Chambler, Duncan, Chee, Nigel, Child, Jenny, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Clark, Tom, Collini, Paul, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cupitt, Jason, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, Dark, Paul, Dawson, Chris, Dervisevic, Samir, Donnison, Phil, Douthwaite, Sam, Drummond, Andrew, DuRand, Ingrid, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, Dyer, Tristan, Evans, Cariad, Eziefula, Chi, Fegan, Chrisopher, Finn, Adam, Fullerton, Duncan, Garg, Sanjeev, Garg, Atul, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Godden, Jo, Goldsmith, Arthur, Graham, Clive, Grammatikopoulos, Tassos, Hardy, Elaine, Hartshorn, Stuart, Harvey, Daniel, Havalda, Peter, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Hobrok, Maria, Hodgson, Luke, Hormis, Anil, Howard, Joanne, Jacobs, Michael, Jain, Susan, Jennings, Paul, Kaliappan, Agilan, Kasipandian, Vidya, Kegg, Stephen, Kelsey, Michael, Kendall, Jason, Kerrison, Caroline, Kerslake, Ian, Koch, Oliver, Koduri, Gouri, Koshy, George, Laha, Shondipon, Laird, Steven, Larkin, Susan, Leiner, Tamas, Lillie, Patrick, Limb, James, Linnett, Vanessa, Little, Jeff, Lyttle, Mark, MacMahon, Michael, MacNaughton, Emily, Mankregod, Ravish, Masson, Huw, Matovu, Elijah, McCullough, Katherine, McEwen, Ruth, Meda, Manjula, Mills, Gary, Minton, Jane, Mohandas, Kavya, Mok, Quen, Moon, James, Moore, Elinoor, Morgan, Patrick, Morris, Craig, Mortimore, Katherine, Moses, Samuel, Mpenge, Mbiye, Mulla, Rohinton, Murphy, Michael, Nagarajan, Thapas, Nagel, Megan, Nelson, Mark, Norris, Lillian, O'Shea, Matthew K., Ostermann, Marlies, Otahal, Igor, Pais, Mark, Panchatsharam, Selva, Papakonstantinou, Danai, Papineni, Padmasayee, Paraiso, Hassan, Patel, Brij, Pattison, Natalie, Pepperell, Justin, Peters, Mark, Phull, Mandeep, Pintus, Stefania, Planche, Tim, Post, Frank, Price, David, Prout, Rachel, Rae, Nikolas, Reschreiter, Henrik, Reynolds, Tim, Richardson, Neil, Roberts, Mark, Roberts, Devender, Rose, Alistair, Rousseau, Guy, Ruge, Bobby, Ryan, Brendan, Saluja, Taranprit, Schmid, Matthias L., Shah, Aarti, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Shanmuga, Prad, Sharma, Anil, Shawcross, Anna, Pooni, Jagtur S., Sizer, Jeremy, Smith, Richard, Snelson, Catherine, Spittle, Nick, Staines, Nikki, Stambach, Tom, Stewart, Richard, Subudhi, Pradeep, Szakmany, Tamas https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/view/cardiffauthors/A165386I.html orcid:0000-0003-3632-8844 orcid:0000-0003-3632-8844, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Jo, Thompson, Chris, Thompson, Robert, Tridente, Ascanio, Tupper-Carey, Darell, Twagira, Mary, Vallotton, Nick, Vancheeswaran, Rama, Vincent, Rachel, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, Visuvanathan, Shico, Vuylsteke, Alan, Waddy, Sam, Wake, Rachel, Walden, Andrew, Welters, Ingeborg, Whitehouse, Tony, Whittaker, Paul, Whittington, Ashley, Wijesinghe, Meme, Williams, Martin, Wilson, Lawrence, Winchester, Stephen, Wiselka, Martin, Wolverson, Adam, Wootton, Daniel G., Workman, Andrew, Yates, Bryan, Young, Peter, McDonald, Sarah E., Shaw, Victoria, Ahmed, Katie A., Armstrong, Jane A., Ashworth, Milton, Asiimwe, Innocent G., Bakshi, Siddharth, Barlow, Samantha L., Booth, Laura, Brennan, Benjamin, Bullock, Katie, Carlucci, Nicola, Cass, Emily, Catterall, Benjamin W., Clark, Jordan J., Clarke, Emily A., Cole, Sarah, Cooper, Louise, Cox, Helen, Davis, Christopher, Dincarslan, Oslem, Carracedo, Alejandra D., Dunn, Chris, Dyer, Philip, Elliott, Angela, Evans, Anthony, Finch, Lorna, Fisher, Lewis W., Flaherty, Lisa, Foster, Terry, Garcia-Dorival, Isabel, Gunning, Philip, Hartley, Catherine, Holmes, Anthony, Jensen, Rebecca L., Jones, Christopher B., Jones, Trevor R., Khandaker, Shadia, King, Katharine, Kiy, Robyn T., Koukorava, Chrysa, Lake, Annette, Lant, Suzannah, Latawiec, Diane, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Lefteri, Daniella, Lett, Lauren, Livoti, Lucia A., Mancini, Maria, Massey, Hannah, Maziere, Nicole, McDonald, Sarah, McEvoy, Laurence, McLauchlan, John, Metelmann, Soeren, Miah, Nahida S., Middleton, Joanna, Mitchell, Joyce, Murphy, Ellen G., Penrice-Randal, Rebekah, Pilgrim, Jack, Prince, Tessa, Reynolds, Will, Ridley, P. M., Sales, Debby, Shaw, Victoria E., Shears, Rebecca K., Small, Benjamin, Subramaniam, Krishanthi S., Szemiel, Agnieska, Taggart, Aislynn, Tanianis-Hughes, Jolanta, Thomas, Jordan, Trochu, Erwan, Tonder, Libby v., Wilcock, Eve, Zhang, J. E., Keating, Seán, Donegan, Cara, Spencer, Rebecca G., Donohue, Chloe, Griffiths, Fiona, Hardwick, Hayley, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Hampshire, Adam, Sieradzki, Adam, Seed, Adam W., Garjani, Afagh, Nair, Akshay, Coles, Alaisdair, Carson, Alan, Darby, Alastair, Dregan, Alex, Grundmann, Alexander, Palmos, Alish, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, McIntosh, Andrew M., Holland, Angela E., Roberts, Angela, Vincent, Angela, Venneri, Annalena, David, Anthony S., Tamborska, Arina, Patel, Arvind, Easton, Ava, Michael, Benedict D., Blackledge, Bethan, Facer, Bethany, Singh, Bhagteshwar, Sargent, Brendan, Collie, Ceryce, Leek, Charles, Armour, Cherie, Morris, Christopher M., Allen, Christopher M., Mulholland, Ciaran, MacIver, Claire L., Dunai, Cordelia, Smith, Craig J., van, Daniel J., Madarshahian, Daniel, Christmas, David, Cousins, David, Menon, David K., Christmas, David M., Breen, David P., Monssen, Dina, Bullmore, Edward, Needham, Edward, McGlinchey, Emily, Thomson, Emma, Duff, Eugene, Hodel, Eva M., Harrison, Ewan, Zelaya, Fernando, Lewis, Gabriella, McDonnell, Gavin, Breen, Gerome, Wood, Greta K., Williams, Guy B., Hannah, C., Rogers, Henry C., Smith, Jacqueline, Harris, Jade D., Lilleker, James B., Amin, Jay, Aggleton, John P., Bradley, John R., Taylor, John-Paul, Cavanagh, Jonathan, Coleman, Jonathan R., Underwood, Jonathan, Breuer, Judith, Hiscox, Julian, Miller, Karla, Dodd, Katherine C., Glen, Kiran, Benjamin, Laura, Taams, Leonie, George, Lily, Hardwick, Marc, Baker, Mark R., Husain, Masud, Butler, Matthew, Hotopf, Matthew, Broome, Matthew R., Samuel, Merna, Griffiths, Michael, Lunn, Michael P., Zandi, Michael S., Hartmann, Monika, Cossette, Nadine, Martin, Naomi, Nicholas, Nathalie, Harrison, Neil A., Basu, Neil, Harrison, Neil, Davies, Nicholas, Wood, Nicholas, Evangelou, Nikos, Shaw, Pamela J., Mansoori, Parisa, Harrison, Paul J., Jezzard, Peter, Fernandes, Peter M., Upthegrove, Rachel, Batra, Rahul, Gregory, Rebecca, Thomas, Rhys H., Bethlehem, Richard, Francis, Richard, O'Malley, Ronan, Salman, Rustam A., McIlwaine, Ryan, Kyaw, Sandar, Irani, Sarosh, Gunatilake, Savini, Semple, Scott, Hamid, Shahd H., Peacock, Sharon, Rota, Silvia, Keller, Simon, Pendered, Sophie, Barrett, Suzanne, Hughes, Stella, Paddick, Stella-Maria, Sawcer, Stephen J., Smith, Stephen, Williams, Steven, Wong, Sui H., Defres, Sylviane, Jackson, Thomas, Jenkins, Thomas M., Pollak, Thomas, Nicholson, Timothy, Veenith, Tonny, Grimbly, Victoria, Newcombe, Virginia, Taams, Leonie S. and Menon, David K. 2023. Para-infectious brain injury in COVID-19 persists at follow-up despite attenuated cytokine and autoantibody responses. Nature Communications 14 , 8487. 10.1038/s41467-023-42320-4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42320-4 file https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/165123/1/Michael%20et%20al.%20-%202023%20-%20Para-infectious%20brain%20injury%20in%20COVID-19%20persists%20.pdf |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41467-023-42320-4 |
| Availability: | https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/165123/; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42320-4 |
| Rights: | cc_by_4_0 |
| Accession Number: | edsbas.A60F92B7 |
| Database: | BASE |