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The Dominant Inhibitory Chalcone Synthase Allele C2-Idf ( Inhibitor diffuse) From Zea mays (L.) Acts via an Endogenous RNA Silencing MechanismSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY728478 [c2 gene chalcone synthase (wild type) C2-W22], AY728476 ( Zea mays L. C2-Idf allele; gene copies C2-Idf-I and C2-Idf-II), and AY728477 ( Zea mays L. C2-Idf allele; gene copy C2-Idf-III).

Title:	The Dominant Inhibitory Chalcone Synthase Allele C2-Idf ( Inhibitor diffuse) From Zea mays (L.) Acts via an Endogenous RNA Silencing MechanismSequence data from this article have been deposited with the EMBL/GenBank Data Libraries under accession nos. AY728478 [c2 gene chalcone synthase (wild type) C2-W22], AY728476 ( Zea mays L. C2-Idf allele; gene copies C2-Idf-I and C2-Idf-II), and AY728477 ( Zea mays L. C2-Idf allele; gene copy C2-Idf-III).
Authors:	Della Vedova, Chris B; Lorbiecke, René; Kirsch, Helene; Schulte, Michael B; Scheets, Kay; Borchert, Lutz M; Scheffler, Brian E; Wienand, Udo; Cone, Karen C; Birchler, James A
Source:	Genetics ; volume 170, issue 4, page 1989-2002 ; ISSN 1943-2631
Publisher Information:	Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publication Year:	2005
Description:	The flavonoid pigment pathway in plants has been used as a model system for studying gene regulatory mechanisms. C2-Idf is a stable dominant mutation of the chalcone synthase gene, c2, which encodes the first dedicated enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway of maize. Homozygous C2-Idf plants show no pigmentation. This allele also inhibits expression of functional C2 alleles in heterozygotes, producing a less pigmented condition instead of the normal deeply pigmented phenotype. To explore the nature of this effect, the C2-Idf allele was cloned. The gene structure of the C2-Idf haplotype differs substantially from that of the normal c2 gene in that three copies are present. Two of these are located in close proximity to each other in a head-to-head orientation and the third is closely linked. Previous experiments showed that the lower level of pigmentation in heterozygotes is correlated with reduced enzyme activity and low steady-state mRNA levels. We found that c2 transcription occurs in nuclei of C2-Idf/C2 heterozygotes, but mRNA does not accumulate, suggesting that the inhibition is mediated by RNA silencing. Infection of C2-Idf/C2 heterozygotes with viruses that carry suppressors of RNA silencing relieved the phenotypic inhibition, restoring pigment production and mRNA levels. Finally, we detected small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in plants carrying C2-Idf, but not in plants homozygous for the wild-type C2 allele. Together, our results indicate that the inhibitory effect of C2-Idf occurs through RNA silencing.
Document Type:	article in journal/newspaper
Language:	English
DOI:	10.1534/genetics.105.043406
Availability:	https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.043406; https://academic.oup.com/genetics/article-pdf/170/4/1989/42064752/genetics1989.pdf
Rights:	https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model
Accession Number:	edsbas.AF6D0539
Database:	BASE