| Title: |
Reproducibility and associated regression dilution bias of accelerometer-derived physical activity and sleep in UK Biobank |
| Authors: |
Zisou, Charilaos; Calvin, Catherine; Taylor, Hannah; Lacey, Ben; Hammami, Imen; Walmsley, Rosemary; Strain, Tessa; Wijndaele, Katrien; Wareham, Nicholas; Brage, Soren; Smith-Byrne, Karl; Bennett, Derrick; Lewington, Sarah; Hopewell, Jemma C; Doherty, Aiden |
| Contributors: |
Oxford British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence; UK Biobank; UK Medical Research Council; University of Oxford from the UK MRC; Health Data Research (HDR) UK; MRC Industrial Strategy Studentship; HDR UK—an initiative funded by UK Research and Innovation; Department of Health and Social Care; UK MRC; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; Cancer Research UK; UKRI; Novo Nordisk and Swiss; HDR UK Ltd; MRC, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates; Health and Social Care Research and Development Division; Public Health Agency; BHF, and Cancer Research UK; BHF, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre; BHF Centre of Research Excellence, and the Nuffield Department of Population Health; Wellcome Trust; Novo Nordisk, Swiss Re, Boehringer Ingelheim, National Institutes of Health’s Oxford Cambridge Scholars Program; EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Health Data Science; BHF Centre of Research Excellence; Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising |
| Source: |
International Journal of Epidemiology ; volume 55, issue 2 ; ISSN 0300-5771 1464-3685 |
| Publisher Information: |
Oxford University Press (OUP) |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Description: |
Background Previous studies on the reproducibility of 7-day accelerometer measurements have been limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We aimed to assess the long-term reproducibility of accelerometer-derived physical activity and sleep, and to illustrate the impact of regression dilution bias on the association between daily step count and coronary heart disease (CHD) in UK Biobank. Methods We analysed data from 3138 UK Biobank participants in the main accelerometry sub-study with up to four repeat accelerometer measurements after 3–4 years. Nine physical activity and sleep phenotypes were extracted to capture different movement behaviours. Reproducibility was assessed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The impact on disease associations was illustrated by considering daily step count and incident CHD using Cox regression (87 038 participants; 3879 CHD events), before and after correction for regression dilution. Results Among the 3138 participants, 51% were women and the mean (SD) age was 63.1 (9.4) years. Reproducibility was good for overall activity, with an ICC (95% confidence interval) of 0.75 (0.74–0.76), and moderate for other phenotypes, with ICCs ranging from 0.58 (0.56–0.59) for sleep efficiency to 0.69 (0.68–0.70) for sedentary behaviour. In our example, the inverse association between daily step count and CHD showed a 20% lower risk of CHD per usual 4000 steps after correcting for regression dilution compared with 13% before correction. Conclusion Accelerometer measurements are moderately reproducible and comparable to measures such as blood pressure. Correction for regression dilution bias is crucial to quantify associations of usual physical activity and sleep with disease risk. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| DOI: |
10.1093/ije/dyag014 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyag014; https://academic.oup.com/ije/article-pdf/55/2/dyag014/67016111/dyag014.pdf |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.B23615B6 |
| Database: |
BASE |