| Title: |
The mass of the exo-Venus Gliese 12 b, as revealed by HARPS-N, ESPRESSO, and CARMENES |
| Authors: |
Turner, Daisy A.; Eschen, Yoshi Nike Emilia; Murgas, Felipe; Mortier, Annelies; Wilson, Thomas G.; Fernández, Jorge Fernandez; Gromek, Nicole; Morello, Giuseppe; Tabernero, Hugo M.; Egger, Jo Ann; Vissapragada, Shreyas; Caballero, Jose A.; Dreizler, Stefan; Freckelton, Alix Violet; Hatzes, Artie P.; Lakeland, Ben Scott; Nagel, Evangelos; Naponiello, Luca; Vanaverbeke, Siegfried; Venner, Alexander; Zapatero Osorio, Maria Rosa Zapatero; Amado, Pedro J.; Bejar, Victor J. S.; Bonomo, Aldo Stefano; Buchhave, Lars A.; Collier Cameron, Andrew Collier; Carleo, Ilaria; Chaturvedi, Priyanka; Cloutier, Ryan; Damasso, Mario; Daspute, Mangesh; Dholakia, Shishir; Dufoer, Sjoerd; Dumusque, Xavier; Martinez Fiorenzano, Aldo Fabricio; Ghedina, Adriano; Harutyunyan, Avet; Herrero, Enrique; John, Ancy Anna; Lillo-Box, Jorge; Lodieu, Nicolas; Lopez-Morales, Mercedes; Malavolta, Luca; Mancini, Luigi; Mantovan, Giacomo; Montes, David; Morales, Juan Carlos; Nicholson, Belinda; Orell-Miquel, Jaume; Palethorpe, Larissa; Palle, Enric; Quirrenbach, Andreas; Reffert, Sabine; Reiners, Ansgar; Ribas, Ignasi; Rice, Ken; Silva, Andre M.; Sozzetti, Alessandro; Stalport, Manu; Tal-Or, Lev; Trifonov, Trifon; Udry, Stephane; Zechmeister, Mathias |
| Publisher Information: |
Oxford University Press |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Collection: |
University of Southern Queensland: USQ ePrints |
| Subject Terms: |
techniques; radial velocities – planets and satellites; detection – planets and satellites; individual: Gliese 12 b – planets and satellites; interiors – planets and satellites; terrestrial planets – stars; individual; Gliese 12 |
| Description: |
Small temperate planets are prime targets for exoplanet studies due to their possible similarities with the rocky planets in the Solar system. M dwarfs are promising hosts since the planetary signals are within our current detection capabilities. Gliese 12 b is a Venus-sized temperate planet orbiting a quiet M dwarf. We present here the first precise mass measurement of this small exoplanet. We performed a detailed analysis using HARPS-N (High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher for the Northern Hemisphere), ESPRESSO (Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanets and Stable Spectroscopic Observations), and CARMENES (Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exoearths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs) radial velocities, along with new and archival TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite), CHEOPS (CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite), and MuSCAT2/3 (Multicolor Simultaneous Camera for studying Atmospheres of Transiting exoplanets) photometry data. From fitting the available data, we find that the planet has a radius of and a mass of (a measurement of the semi-amplitude ), and is on an orbit with a period of . A variety of techniques were utilized to attenuate stellar activity signals. Gliese 12 b has an equilibrium temperature of , assuming an albedo of zero, and a density consistent with that of Earth and Venus (). We find that Gliese 12 b has a predominantly rocky interior and simulations indicate that it is unlikely to have retained any of its primordial gaseous envelope. The bulk properties of Gliese 12 b place it in an extremely sparsely populated region of both mass─radius and density─ parameter space, making it a prime target for follow-up observations, including Lyman- studies. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
unknown |
| Relation: |
https://research.usq.edu.au/download/a8fe60200f66cfd7aafa9fc7a2c25a51184b3bf31384db9aec48732240d7eef3/76564273/staf1703.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1703; Turner, Daisy A., Eschen, Yoshi Nike Emilia, Murgas, Felipe, Mortier, Annelies, Wilson, Thomas G., Fernández, Jorge Fernandez, Gromek, Nicole, Morello, Giuseppe, Tabernero, Hugo M., Egger, Jo Ann, Vissapragada, Shreyas, Caballero, Jose A., Dreizler, Stefan, Freckelton, Alix Violet, Hatzes, Artie P., Lakeland, Ben Scott, Nagel, Evangelos, Naponiello, Luca, Vanaverbeke, Siegfried, ., Zechmeister, Mathias. 2026. "The mass of the exo-Venus Gliese 12 b, as revealed by HARPS-N, ESPRESSO, and CARMENES." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 545 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1703 |
| DOI: |
10.1093/mnras/staf1703 |
| Availability: |
https://research.usq.edu.au/item/1025vz/the-mass-of-the-exo-venus-gliese-12-b-as-revealed-by-harps-n-espresso-and-carmenes; https://research.usq.edu.au/download/a8fe60200f66cfd7aafa9fc7a2c25a51184b3bf31384db9aec48732240d7eef3/76564273/staf1703.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1703 |
| Rights: |
CC BY 4.0 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.B2F120A5 |
| Database: |
BASE |