| Title: |
Sex, education and race/ethnicity have distinct effects on amyloid and tau‐PET status |
| Authors: |
Groot, Colin; Coomans, Emma M.; Rowe, Christopher C.; Dore, Vincent; Feizpour, Azadeh; van de Giessen, Elsmarieke; van der Flier, Wiesje M.; Pijnenburg, Yolande A. L.; Visser, Pieter Jelle; den Braber, Anouk; Pontecorvo, Michael J.; Burnham, Samantha C.; Kennedy, Ian A.; Lu, Ming; Jagust, William J.; Baker, Suzanne L.; Harrison, Theresa M.; Domingo Gispert, Juan; Shekari, Mahnaz; Minguillón, Carolina; Smith, Ruben; Mattsson‐Carlgren, Niklas; Palmqvist, Sebastian; Strandberg, Olof; Stomrud, Erik; Brickman, Adam; Luchsinger, José A.; Manly, Jennifer J.; Lao, Patrick J.; Kreisl, William Charles; Malpetti, Maura; O'Brien, John T.; Rowe, James B.; Jäger, Elena; Bischof, Gérard N.; Drzezga, Alexander; Xie, Fang; Mao, Xiaoxie; Guan, Yihui; Garibotto, Valentina; Frisoni, Giovanni B.; Peretti, Débora E.; Schöll, Michael; Skoog, Ingmar; Kern, Silke; Sperling, Reisa A.; Johnson, Keith A.; Risacher, Shannon; Saykin, Andrew J.; Carrillo, Maria C.; Dickerson, Brad; Apostolova, Liana G.; Rabinovici, Gil D.; Barthel, Henryk; Rullmann, Michael; Messerschmidt, Konstantin; Vandenberghe, Rik; Van Laere, Koen; Spruyt, Laure; Petersen, Ronald; Jack, Clifford R., Jr.; Franzmeier, Nicolai; Brendel, Matthias; Gnörich, Johannes; Benzinger, Tammie; Lagarde, Julien; Sarazin, Marie; Bottlaender, Michel; Villeneuve, Sylvia; Poirier, Judes; Seo, Sang Won; Gu, Yuna; Kim, Jun Pyo; Mormino, Beth; Young, Christina B.; Vossler, Hillary; Rosa‐Neto, Pedro; Therriault, Joseph; Rahmouni, Nesrine; Coath, William; Cash, David M.; Schott, Jonathan M.; Hanseeuw, Bernard J.; Salman, Yasmine; Malotaux, Vincent; Jansen, Willemijn J.; La Joie, Renaud; Rosen, Howard J.; Johnson, Sterling C.; Christian, Bradley T.; Betthauser, Tobey J.; Landau, Susan M.; O'Bryant, Sid E.; Hansson, Oskar; Ossenkoppele, Rik |
| Contributors: |
Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of Medicine |
| Source: |
PMC |
| Publisher Information: |
Wiley |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Collection: |
Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis: IUPUI Scholar Works |
| Subject Terms: |
Alzheimer's disease; Dementia; Sex; Education; Race/ethnicity |
| Description: |
Background: Sex, education and race/ethnicity are all associated with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia. Here, we assess the effects of self‐reported sex, educational attainment and race/ethnicity on amyloid‐positivity, and tau‐PET‐positivity in 12,048 (7,394 cognitively unimpaired [CU], 2,177 MCI, and 2,477 dementia) individuals from 42 cohorts worldwide. Method: Logistic generalized estimating equations were used to estimate frequency of amyloid‐positivity (using cohort‐specific thresholds for amyloid‐PET [84%] or CSF) and tau‐PET‐positivity (cohort‐specific thresholds of 2SD above mean temporal uptake in amyloid‐negative controls). We assessed: i) sex and APOEε4 (N = 10,098) associations, to complement earlier findings of a higher frequency of tau‐positivity in females, ii) effects of lower/higher education (N = 10,970; cohort‐specific median‐split), and iii) effects of race/ethnicity (non‐Hispanic White [hereafter: White], N = 4880; Asian, N = 116; Black or African‐American [hereafter: Black], N = 353; Hispanic, N = 356, only from Northern‐American cohorts). Outcomes were frequency of amyloid‐positivity in CU individuals only, and tau‐PET‐positivity in both amyloid‐positive (AB+) CU and cognitively impaired (CI, i.e. MCI and dementia) individuals. Interaction effects on the relationship between age and amyloid/tau‐positivity were assessed and only retained in the models when significant. Result: Female sex was associated with an APOEε4‐independent increased frequency of amyloid‐positivity (β=0.51[0.22], p = 0.02) in CU and increase of tau‐positivity in both AB+CU (β=0.27[0.08]) and AB+CI (β=0.37[0.08], both p |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
Alzheimer's & Dementia; Groot C, Coomans EM, Rowe CC, et al. Sex, education and race/ethnicity have distinct effects on amyloid and tau‐PET status. Alzheimers Dement. 2026;21(Suppl 2):e105387. Published 2026 Jan 8. doi:10.1002/alz70856_105387; https://hdl.handle.net/1805/54009 |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/1805/54009 |
| Rights: |
Attribution 4.0 International ; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.B4EA4E0A |
| Database: |
BASE |