| Title: |
A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic |
| Authors: |
Legate, Nicole; Nguyen, Thuy-Vy; Weinstein, Netta; Moller, Arlen; Legault, Lisa; Vally, Zahir; Tajchman, Zuzanna; Zsido, Andras, N.; Zrimsek, Miha; Chen, Zhang; Ziano, Ignazio; Gialitaki, Zoi; Ceary, Chris, D.; Jang, Yuna; Lin, Yijun; Kunisato, Yoshihiko; Yamada, Yuki; Xiao, Qinyu; Jiang, Xiaoming; Du, Xinkai; Yao, Elvin; Ryan, William, S.; Wilson, John Paul; Cyrus-Lai, Wilson; Jimenez-Leal, William; Law, Wilbert; Unanue, Wenceslao; Collins, W. Matthew; Richard, Karley, L.; Vranka, Marek; Ankushev, Vladislav; Schei, Vidar; Lerche, Veronika; Kovic, Vanja; Križanić, Valerija; Kadreva, Veselina Hristova; Adoric, Vera Cubela; Tran, Ulrich, S.; Yeung, Siu Kit; Hassan, Widad; Houston, Ralph; Machin, Michael, A.; Lima, Tiago, J. S.; Ostermann, Thomas; Frizzo, Thomas; Sverdrup, Therese; House, Thea; Gill, Tripat; Fedotov, Maksim; Paltrow, Tamar; Jernsäther, Teodor; Rahman, Tasnim; Machin, Tanya; Koptjevskaja-Tamm, Maria; Hostler, Thomas, J.; Ishii, Tatsunori; Szaszi, Barnabas; Adamus, Sylwia; Suter, Lilian; von Bormann, Suparpit, M.; Habib, Sumaiya; Studzinska, Anna; Stojanovska, Dragana; Janssen, Steve, M. J.; Stieger, Stefan; Schulenberg, Stefan, E.; Tatachari, Srinivasan; Azouaghe, Soufian; Sorokowski, Piotr; Sorokowska, Agnieszka; Song, Xin; Morbée, Sofie; Lewis, Savannah; Sinkolova, Sladjana; Grigoryev, Dmitry; Drexler, Shira Meir; Daches, Shimrit; Levine, Shelby, L.; Geniole, Shawn, N.; Akter, Shahunur; Vračar, Selena; Massoni, Sébastien; Costa, Sebastiano; Zorjan, Saša; Sarioguz, Eylul; Izquierdo, Sara Morales; Tshonda, Sarah Suzette; Alves, Sara, G.; Pöntinen, Sara; Solas, Sara Álvarez; Ordoñez-Riaño, Santiago; Očovaj, Sanja Batić; Onie, Sandersan; Lins, Samuel; Biberauer, Theresa; Çoksan, Sami; Khumkom, Sakda; Sacakli, Asli; Ruiz-Fernández, Susana; Geiger, Sandra, J.; Fatahmodares, Saeideh; Walczak, Radoslaw, B.; Betlehem, Ruben; Vilar, Roosevelt; Cárcamo, Rodrigo, A.; Ross, Robert, M.; McCarthy, Randy; Ballantyne, Tonia; Westgate, Erin, C.; Ryan, Richard, M.; Gargurevich, Rafael; Afhami, Reza; Ren, Dongning; Monteiro, Renan, P.; Reips, Ulf-Dietrich; Reggev, Niv; Calin-Jageman, Robert, J.; Pourafshari, Razieh; Oliveira, Raquel; Nedelcheva-Datsova, Mina; Rahal, Rima-Maria; Ribeiro, Rafael, R.; Radtke, Theda; Searston, Rachel; Jai-Ai, Rachadaporn; Habte, Redeate; Zdybek, Przemysław; Chen, Sau-Chin; Wajanatinapart, Piyaorn; Maturan, Princess Lovella G.; Perillo, Jennifer, T.; Isager, Peder Mortvedt; Kačmár, Pavol; Macapagal, Paulo Manuel; Maniaci, Michael, R.; Szwed, Paulina; Hanel, Paul, H. P.; Forbes, Paul, A. G.; Arriaga, Patricia; Paris, Bastien; Parashar, Neha; Papachristopoulos, Konstantinos; Correa, Pablo Sebastián; Kácha, Ondřej; Bernardo, Márcia; Campos, Olatz; Bravo, Olalla Niño; Galindo-Caballero, Oscar, J.; Ogbonnaya, Chisom Esther; Bialobrzeska, Olga; Kiselnikova, Natalia; Simonovic, Nicolle; Cohen, Noga; Nock, Nora, L.; Hernandez, Alejandrina; Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie; Ntoumanis, Nikos; Johannes, Niklas; Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan; Say, Nicolas; Neubauer, Andreas, B.; Martin, Neil, I.; Torunsky, Nathan; Antwerpen, Natasha Van; Doren, Natalia Van; Sunami, Naoyuki; Rachev, Nikolay, R.; Majeed, Nadyanna, M.; Schmidt, Nadya-Daniela; Nadif, Khaoula; Corral-Frías, Nadia, S.; Ouherrou, Nihal; Abbas, Nida; Pantazi, Myrto; Lucas, Marc, Y.; Vasilev, Martin, R.; Victoria Ortiz, María; Butt, Muhammad Mussaffa; Kurfalı, Murathan; Kabir, Muhib; Muda, Rafał; Tejada Rivera, María del Carmen MC; Sirota, Miroslav; Seehuus, Martin; Parzuchowski, Michal; Toro, Mónica; Hricova, Monika; Maldonado, Mónica Alarcón; Rentzelas, Panagiotis; Vansteenkiste, Maarten; Metz, Molly, A.; Marszalek, Magdalena; Karekla, Maria; Mioni, Giovanna; Bosma, Minke Jasmijn; Westerlund, Minja; Vdovic, Milica; Bialek, Michal; Silan, Miguel, A.; Anne, Michele; Misiak, Michal; Gugliandolo, Maria, C.; Grinberg, Maurice; Capizzi, Mariagrazia; Espinoza Barría, Mauricio, F.; Kurfali, Merve, A.; Mensink, Michael, C.; Harutyunyan, Mikayel; Khosla, Meetu; Dunn, Megan, R.; Korbmacher, Max; Adamkovič, Matúš; Ribeiro, Matheus Fernando Felix; Terskova, Maria; Hruška, Matej; Martončik, Marcel; Voracek, Martin; Čadek, Martin; Frias-Armenta, Martha; Kowal, Marta; Topor, Marta; Roczniewska, Marta; Oosterlinck, Marlies; Kohlová, Markéta Braun; Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola; Sabristov, Marina; Romanova, Marina; Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta; Lund, Maria Louise; Antoniadi, Maria; Magrin, Maria Elena; Jones, Marc, V.; Li, Manyu; Ortiz, Manuel, S.; Manavalan, Mathi; Muminov, Abdumalik; Kossowska, Małgorzata; Friedemann, Maja; Wielgus, Magdalena; van Hooff, Madelon, L.M.; Varella, Marco, A. C.; Standage, Martyn; Nicolotti, Matilde; Colloff, Melissa, F.; Bradford, Maria; Vaughn, Leigh Ann; Eudave, Luis; Vieira, Luc; Lu, Jackson, G.; Pineda, Lina Maria Sanabria; Matos, Lennia; Pérez, Laura Calderón; Lazarevic, Ljiljana, B.; Jaremka, Lisa, M.; Smit, Eline Suzanne; Kushnir, Elizaveta; Ferguson, Lisa, J.; Anton-Boicuk, Lisa; Lins de Holanda Coelho, Gabriel; Ahlgren, Lina; Liga, Francesca; Levitan, Carmel, A.; Micheli, Leticia; Gunton, Lesley-Ann; Volz, Leonhard; Stojanovska, Marija; Boucher, Leanne; Samojlenko, Lara; Delgado, Lady Grey Javela; Kaliska, Lada; Beatrix, Labadi; Warmelink, Lara; Rojas-Berscia, Luis Miguel; Yu, Karen; Wylie, Keith; Wachowicz, Jakub; Desai, Kermeka; Barzykowski, Krystian; Kozma, Luca; Evans, Kortnee; Kirgizova, Komila; Emmanuel Agesin, Bamikole, B.; Koehn, Monica, A.; Wolfe, Kelly; Korobova, Tatiana; Morris, Katherine; Klevjer, Kristoffer; van Schie, Kevin; Vezirian, Kevin; Damnjanović, Kaja; Thommesen, Katrine Krabbe; Schmidt, Kathleen; Filip, Katarzyna; Staniaszek, Karolina; Grzech, Karolina; Hoyer, Karlijn; Moon, Karis; Khaobunmasiri, Sirikon; Rana, Kafeel; Janjić, Kristina; Suchow, Jordan, W.; Kielińska, Julita; Cruz Vásquez, Julio, E.; Chanal, Julien; Beitner, Julia; Vargas-Nieto, Juan Camilo; Roxas, Jose Carlos T.; Taber, Jennifer; Urriago-Rayo, Joan; Pavlacic, Jeffrey, M.; Benka, Jozef; Bavolar, Jozef; Soto, José, A.; Olofsson, Jonas, K.; Vilsmeier, Johannes, K.; Messerschmidt, Johanna; Czamanski-Cohen, Johanna; Waterschoot, Joachim; Moss, Jennifer, D.; Boudesseul, Jordane; Lee, Jeong Min; Kamburidis, Julia; Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, A.; Zickfeld, Janis; Miranda, Jacob, F.; Verharen, Jeroen, P. H.; Hristova, Evgeniya; Beshears, Julie, E.; Djordjevic, Jasna Milosevic; Bosch, Jasmijn; Valentova, Jaroslava Varella; Antfolk, Jan; Berkessel, Jana, B.; Schrötter, Jana; Urban, Jan; Röer, Jan Philipp; Norton, James, O.; Silva, Jaime, R.; Pickering, Jade, S.; Vintr, Jáchym; Uttley, Jim; Kunst, Jonas, R.; Ndukaihe, Izuchukwu, L. G.; Iyer, Aishwarya; Vilares, Iris; Ivanov, Aleksandr; Ropovik, Ivan; Sula, Isabela; Sarieva, Irena; Metin-Orta, Irem; Prusova, Irina; Pinto, Isabel; Bozdoc, Andreea Ioana; Almeida, Inês, A. T.; Pit, Ilse, L.; Dalgar, Ilker; Zakharov, Ilya; Arinze, Azuka Ikechukwu; Ihaya, Keiko; Stephen, Ian, D.; Gjoneska, Biljana; Brohmer, Hilmar; Flowe, Heather; Godbersen, Hendrik; Kocalar, Halil Emre; Hedgebeth, Mattie, V.; Chuan-Peng, Hu; Sharifian, Mohammadhasan; Manley, Harry; Akkas, Handan; Hajdu, Nandor; Azab, Habiba; Kaminski, Gwenaël; Nilsonne, Gustav; Anjum, Gulnaz; Travaglino, Giovanni, A.; Feldman, Gilad; Pfuhl, Gerit; Czarnek, Gabriela; Marcu, Gabriela Mariana; Hofer, Gabriela; Banik, Gabriel; Adetula, Gabriel Agboola; Bijlstra, Gijsbert; Verbruggen, Frederick; Kung, Franki, Y. H.; Martela, Frank; Foroni, Francesco; Forest, Jacques; Singer, Gage; Muchembled, Fany; Azevedo, Flavio; Mosannenzadeh, Farnaz; Marinova, Evelina; Štrukelj, Eva; Etebari, Zahra; Bradshaw, Emma, L.; Baskin, Ernest; Garcia, Elkin Oswaldo Luis; Musser, Erica; van Steenkiste, I.M.M.; Ahn, El Rim; Quested, Eleanor; Pronizius, Ekaterina; Jackson, Emily, A.; Manunta, Efisio; Agadullina, Elena; Šakan, Dušana; Dursun, Pinar; Dujols, Olivier; Dubrov, Dmitrii; Willis, Megan; Tümer, Murat; Beaudry, Jennifer, L.; Popović, Dora; Dunleavy, Daniel; Djamai, Ikhlas; Krupić, Dino; Herrera, Dora; Vega, Diego; Du, Hongfei; Mola, Débora; Chakarova, Desislava; Davis, William, E.; Holford, Dawn Liu; Lewis, David, M. G.; Vaidis, David C.; Ozery, Daphna Hausman; Ricaurte, Danilo Zambrano; Storage, Daniel; Sousa, Daniela; Alvarez, Daniela Serrato; Boller, Daniel; Rosa, Anna Dalla; Dimova, Daliborka; Krupić, Dajana; Marko, Dafne; Moreau, David; Reeck, Crystal; Correia, Rita, C.; Whitt, Cassie, M.; Lamm, Claus; Solorzano, Claudio Singh; von Bastian, Claudia, C.; Sutherland, Clare, AM; Overkott, Clara; Aberson, Christopher, L.; Wang, Chunhui; Niemiec, Christopher, P.; Karashiali, Christiana; Noone, Chris; Chiu, Faith; Picciocchi, Chiara; Brownlow, Charlotte; Karaarslan, Cemre; Cellini, Nicola; Esteban-Serna, Celia; Reyna, Cecilia; Ferreyra, Cecilia; Batres, Carlota; Li, Ranran; Grano, Caterina; Carpentier, Joelle; Tamnes, Christian, K.; Fu, Cynthia H.Y.; Ishkhanyan, Byurakn; Bylinina, Lisa; Jaeger, Bastian; Bundt, Carsten; Allred, Tara Bulut; Vermote, Branko, J.; Bokkour, Ahmed; Bogatyreva, Natalia; Shi, Jiaxin; Chopik, William, J.; Antazo, Benedict; Behzadnia, Behzad; Becker, Maja; Bayyat, Manal, M.; Cocco, Beatrice; Chou, Wei-Lun; Barkoukis, Vassilis; Hubena, Barbora; Žuro, Barbara; Aczel, Balazs; Baklanova, Ekaterina; Bai, Hui; Balci, Busra Bahar; Babinčák, Peter; Soenens, Bart; Dixson, Barnaby James Wyld; Mokady, Aviv; Kappes, Heather Barry; Atari, Mohammad; Szala, Anna; Szabelska, Anna; Aruta, John Jamir Benzon; Domurat, Artur; Arinze, Nwadiogo Chisom; Modena, Arianna; Adiguzel, Arca; Monajem, Arash; Arabi, Kanza Ait El; Özdoğru, Asil Ali; Rothbaum, Alex, O.; Torres, Adriana Olaya; Theodoropoulou, Andriana; Skowronek, Anna; Jurković, Anita Penić; Singh, Anisha; Kassianos, Angelos, P.; Findor, Andrej; Hartanto, Andree; Landry, Anais Thibault; Ferreira, Ana; Santos, Anabela Caetano; de la Rosa-Gomez, Anabel; Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Amélie; Luxon, Alexandria, M.; Todsen, Anna Louise; Karababa, Alper; Janak, Allison; Pilato, Alice; Bran, Alexandre; Tullett, Alexa, M.; Kuzminska, Anna, O.; Krafnick, Anthony, J.; Urooj, Anum; Khaoudi, Ahmed; Ahmed, Afroja; Groyecka-Bernard, Agata; Askelund, Adrian Dahl; Adetula, Adeyemi; Belaus, Anabel; Charyate, Abdelilah Ca; Wichman, Aaron, L.; Stoyanova, Alina; Greenburgh, Anna; Thomas, Andrew, G.; Arvanitis, Alexios; Forscher, Patrick, S; Mallik, Peter, R.; Coles, Nicholas, A.; Miller, Jeremy, K.; Moshontz, Hannah; Urry, Heather, L.; Ijzerman, Hans; Basnight-Brown, Dana, M.; Ebersole, Charles; Chartier, Christopher, R; Buchanan, Erin, M.; Primbs, Maximilian |
| Contributors: |
Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT); Durham University; University of Reading (UOR); Clarkson University; United Arab Emirates University (UAEU); Wolfson Medical Vision Laboratory (MVL); University of Oxford; University of Minnesota Twin Cities (UMN); University of Minnesota System (UMN); University of Pécs Pécs, Hungary; University of Ljubljana; Department of Experimental Psychology; Universiteit Gent = Ghent University = Université de Gand (UGent); Grenoble Ecole de Management (EESC-GEM); Chercheur indépendant; Indiana University of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE); University of Florida Gainesville (UF); Senshu University; Kyushu University; The University of Hong Kong (HKU); Shanghai University; Universiteit van Amsterdam = University of Amsterdam (UvA); Claremont Graduate University Claremont, CA; University of Toronto; Montclair State University USA (MSU); Institut Européen d'administration des Affaires (INSEAD); Universidad de los Andes Bogota (UNIANDES); The Education University of Hong Kong (EdUHK); Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez = University Adolfo Ibañez Santiago; Nova Southeastern University (NSU); Univerzita Karlova Praha, Česká republika = Charles University Prague, Czech Republic = Université Charles Prague, Republique tchèque (UK); Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics Moscow (HSE); Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration; Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg = Heidelberg University; University of Belgrade Belgrade; Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek; New Bulgarian University; University of Zadar; Universität Wien = University of Vienna; University of East London (UEL); University of Southern Queensland (USQ); Universidade de Brasilia = University of Brasilia Brasília (UnB); Universität Witten/Herdecke; Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA); AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE); Macquarie University Sydney; University of Bristol Bristol; Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU); Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow (RAS); Stockholm University; University of Dhaka; Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU); Department of Science and Engineering University of Waseda; Waseda University Tokyo; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem = Eötvös Loránd University Budapest (ELTE); Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University = Université Jagellon de Cracovie (UJ); Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften = Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW); Suranaree University of Technology (SUT); Institut Catholique d'Arts et Métiers (ICAM); Auteur indépendant; University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus; Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences - Karl Landsteiner Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften Krems an der Donau, Austria; The University of Mississippi Oxford; T. A. Pai Management Institute (TAPMI); Université Mohammed V de Rabat Agdal (UM5); Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie : Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social (LIP-PC2S); Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB Université de Savoie Université de Chambéry )-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA); University of Wrocław Poland = Uniwersytet Wrocławski Polska = Universität Breslau Polen = Université de Wrocław Pologne (UWr); Ruhr University Bochum = Ruhr-Universität Bochum Bochum (RUB); Bar-Ilan University Israël; McGill University = Université McGill Montréal, Canada; University College of the Fraser Valley (UFV); Università degli studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli; University of Maribor; Department of Psychology University of Roma "La Sapienza"; Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza" = Sapienza University Rome (UNIROMA); University of Warwick Coventry; Universidade do Porto = University of Porto; Åbo Akademi University Turku; Universidad Regional Amazonica Ikiam; Universidad de Guadalajara; University of Novi Sad; University of New South Wales Sydney (UNSW); University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK (CAM); Stellenbosch University (SU); University of the Western Cape (UWC); Erzurum Technical University (ETU); Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien Tübingen; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = University of Tübingen; Department of Biological Psychology Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam (VU); Urmia University; Opole University of Technology; Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul (UNICSUL); Universidad de Magallanes (UMAG); Northern Illinois University; Australian Catholic University (ACU) |
| Source: |
ISSN: 0027-8424. |
| Publisher Information: |
CCSD; National Academy of Sciences |
| Publication Year: |
2022 |
| Collection: |
Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier: HAL-UPS |
| Subject Terms: |
Motivation; Health communication; COVID-19; Self-determination theory; Behavior change; [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology; [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology |
| Description: |
International audience ; Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment ( n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on one’s core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between people’s existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/35622891; PUBMED: 35622891; WOS: 000839021300001 |
| DOI: |
10.1073/pnas.2111091119 |
| Availability: |
https://hal.science/hal-03846948; https://hal.science/hal-03846948v1/document; https://hal.science/hal-03846948v1/file/PSA_pnas_2022.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111091119 |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; info:eu-repo/semantics/OpenAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.B61E0EF5 |
| Database: |
BASE |