| Title: |
Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021–April 2022 |
| Authors: |
Lewis, Nathaniel M; Murray, Nancy; Adams, Katherine; Surie, Diya; Gaglani, Manjusha; Ginde, Adit A; McNeal, Tresa; Ghamande, Shekhar; Douin, David J; Talbot, H Keipp; Casey, Jonathan D; Mohr, Nicholas M; Zepeski, Anne; Shapiro, Nathan I; Gibbs, Kevin W; Files, D Clark; Hager, David N; Ali, Harith; Prekker, Matthew E; Frosch, Anne E; Exline, Matthew C; Gong, Michelle N; Mohamed, Amira; Johnson, Nicholas J; Srinivasan, Vasisht; Steingrub, Jay S; Peltan, Ithan D; Brown, Samuel M; Martin, Emily T; Monto, Arnold S; Lauring, Adam S; Khan, Akram; Hough, Catherine L; Busse, Laurence W; Bender, William; Duggal, Abhijit; Wilson, Jennifer G; Gordon, Alexandra June; Qadir, Nida; Chang, Steven Y; Mallow, Christopher; Rivas, Carolina; Babcock, Hilary M; Kwon, Jennie H; Chappell, James D; Halasa, Natasha; Grijalva, Carlos G; Rice, Todd W; Stubblefield, William B; Baughman, Adrienne; Lindsell, Christopher J; Hart, Kimberly W; Rhoads, Jillian P; McMorrow, Meredith L; Tenforde, Mark W; Self, Wesley H; Patel, Manish M; Calhoun, Nicole; Murthy, Kempapura; Herrick, Judy; McKillop, Amanda; Hoffman, Eric; Zayed, Martha; Smith, Michael; Steingrub, Jay; Kozikowski, Lori-Ann; Souza, Lesley De; Ouellette, Scott; Bolstad, Michael; Coviello, Brianna; Ciottone, Robert; Devilla, Arnaldo; Grafals, Ana; Higgins, Conor; Ottanelli, Carlo; Redman, Kimberly; Scaffidi, Douglas; Weingart, Alexander; Patel, Manish; Tenforde, Mark; Lewis, Nathaniel; Olson, Samantha; Stephenson, Meagan; McMorrow, Meredith; Tremarelli, Maraia; Turbyfill, Caitlin; Mehkri, Omar; Mitchell, Megan; Griffith, Zachary; Brennan, Connery; Ashok, Kiran; Poynter, Bryan; Busse, Laurence |
| Source: |
Open Forum Infectious Diseases, vol 10, iss 1 |
| Publisher Information: |
eScholarship, University of California |
| Publication Year: |
2023 |
| Collection: |
University of California: eScholarship |
| Subject Terms: |
32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020); 3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020); Emerging Infectious Diseases (rcdc); Biotechnology (rcdc); Coronaviruses (rcdc); Coronaviruses Vaccines (rcdc); Infectious Diseases (rcdc); Immunization (rcdc); Vaccine Related (rcdc); 3.4 Vaccines (hrcs-rac); 6.1 Pharmaceuticals (hrcs-rac); 3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg); absolute vaccine effectiveness; booster vaccine series; COVID-19; primary vaccine series; relative vaccine effectiveness; Influenza and Other Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network; 3207 Medical microbiology (for-2020) |
| Description: |
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are increasingly reporting relative VE (rVE) comparing a primary series plus booster doses with a primary series only. Interpretation of rVE differs from traditional studies measuring absolute VE (aVE) of a vaccine regimen against an unvaccinated referent group. We estimated aVE and rVE against COVID-19 hospitalization in primary-series plus first-booster recipients of COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: Booster-eligible immunocompetent adults hospitalized at 21 medical centers in the United States during December 25, 2021-April 4, 2022 were included. In a test-negative design, logistic regression with case status as the outcome and completion of primary vaccine series or primary series plus 1 booster dose as the predictors, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to estimate aVE and rVE. Results: A total of 2060 patients were analyzed, including 1104 COVID-19 cases and 956 controls. Relative VE against COVID-19 hospitalization in boosted mRNA vaccine recipients versus primary series only was 66% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%-74%); aVE was 81% (95% CI, 75%-86%) for boosted versus 46% (95% CI, 30%-58%) for primary. For boosted Janssen vaccine recipients versus primary series, rVE was 49% (95% CI, -9% to 76%); aVE was 62% (95% CI, 33%-79%) for boosted versus 36% (95% CI, -4% to 60%) for primary. Conclusions: Vaccine booster doses increased protection against COVID-19 hospitalization compared with a primary series. Comparing rVE measures across studies can lead to flawed interpretations of the added value of a new vaccination regimen, whereas difference in aVE, when available, may be a more useful metric. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
unknown |
| Relation: |
qt4268q9tp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4268q9tp; https://escholarship.org/content/qt4268q9tp/qt4268q9tp.pdf |
| DOI: |
10.1093/ofid/ofac698 |
| Availability: |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4268q9tp; https://escholarship.org/content/qt4268q9tp/qt4268q9tp.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac698 |
| Rights: |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.BC904CC0 |
| Database: |
BASE |