| Contributors: |
Busch, F.; Hoffmann, L.; Xu, L.; Zhang, L. J.; Hu, B.; Garcia-Juarez, I.; Toapanta-Yanchapaxi, L. N.; Gorelik, N.; Gorelik, V.; Rodriguez-Granillo, G. A.; Ferrarotti, C.; Cuong, N. N.; Thi, C. A. P.; Tuncel, M.; Kaya, G.; Solis-Barquero, S. M.; Mendez Avila, M. C.; Ivanova, N. G.; Kitamura, F. C.; Hayama, K. Y. I.; Puntunet Bates, M. L.; Torres, P. I.; Ortiz-Prado, E.; Izquierdo-Condoy, J. S.; Schwarz, G. M.; Hofstaetter, J. G.; Hide, M.; Takeda, K.; Peric, B.; Pilko, G.; Thulesius, H. O.; Lindow, T.; Kolawole, I. K.; Olatoke, S. A.; Grzybowski, A.; Corlateanu, A.; Iaconi, O. -S.; Li, T.; Domitrz, I.; Kepczynska, K.; Mihalcin, M.; Fasanekova, L.; Zatonski, T.; Fulek, K.; Molnar, A.; Maihoub, S.; Da Silva Gama, Z. A.; Saba, L.; Sountoulides, P.; Makowski, M. R.; Aerts, H. J. W. L.; Adams, L. C.; Bressem, K. K.; Navarro, A. A.; Aguas, C.; Aineseder, M.; Alomar, M.; Al Sliman, R.; Anand, G.; Angkurawaranon, S.; Aoki, S.; Arkoh, S.; Ashraf, G.; Astri, Y.; Bakhshi, S.; Bayramov, N. Y.; Billis, A.; Bitencourt, A. G. V.; Bolejko, A.; Bollas Becerra, A. J.; Bwambale, J.; Capela, A.; Cau, R.; Chacon-Acevedo, K. R.; Chaunzwa, T. L.; Chojniak, R.; Clements, W.; Cuocolo, R.; Dahlblom, V.; Sousa, K. D. M.; Villarrubia, J. E.; Desai, V. B.; Dhakal, A. K.; Dignum, V.; Andrade, R. G. F.; Ferraioli, G.; Ganguly, S.; Garg, H.; Savevska, C. G.; Radovikj, M. G.; Gkartzoni, A.; Gorospe, L.; Griffin, I.; Hadamitzky, M.; Ndahiro, M. H.; Hering, A.; Hochhegger, B.; Huseynova, M. R.; Ishida, F.; Jha, N. |
| Description: |
Importance: The successful implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care depends on its acceptance by key stakeholders, particularly patients, who are the primary beneficiaries of AI-driven outcomes. Objectives: To survey hospital patients to investigate their trust, concerns, and preferences toward the use of AI in health care and diagnostics and to assess the sociodemographic factors associated with patient attitudes. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study developed and implemented an anonymous quantitative survey between February 1 and November 1, 2023, using a nonprobability sample at 74 hospitals in 43 countries. Participants included hospital patients 18 years of age or older who agreed with voluntary participation in the survey presented in 1 of 26 languages. Exposure: Information sheets and paper surveys handed out by hospital staff and posted in conspicuous hospital locations. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was participant responses to a 26-item instrument containing a general data section (8 items) and 3 dimensions (trust in AI, AI and diagnosis, preferences and concerns toward AI) with 6 items each. Subgroup analyses used cumulative link mixed and binary mixed-effects models. Results: In total, 13806 patients participated, including 8951 (64.8%) in the Global North and 4855 (35.2%) in the Global South. Their median (IQR) age was 48 (34-62) years, and 6973 (50.5%) were male. The survey results indicated a predominantly favorable general view of AI in health care, with 57.6% of respondents (7775 of 13502) expressing a positive attitude. However, attitudes exhibited notable variation based on demographic characteristics, health status, and technological literacy. Female respondents (3511 of 6318 [55.6%]) exhibited fewer positive attitudes toward AI use in medicine than male respondents (4057 of 6864 [59.1%]), and participants with poorer health status exhibited fewer positive attitudes toward AI use in medicine (eg, 58 of 199 [29.2%] with rather ... |