COVID-19 due to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant compared to B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational cohort study
| Title: | COVID-19 due to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant compared to B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational cohort study |
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| Authors: | Kläser, Kerstin; Molteni, Erika; Graham, Mark; Canas, Liane S.; Österdahl, Marc F.; Antonelli, Michela; Chen, Liyuan; Deng, Jie; Murray, Benjamin; Kerfoot, Eric; Wolf, Jonathan; May, Anna; Fox, Ben; Capdevila, Joan; Aanensen, David M.; Abudahab, Khalil; Adams, Helen; Adams, Alexander; Afifi, Safiah; Aggarwal, Dinesh; Ahmad, Shazaad S. Y.; Aigrain, Louise; Alcolea-Medina, Adela; Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed; Allara, Elias; Amato, Roberto; Angyal, Adrienn; Annett, Tara; Aplin, Stephen; Ariani, Cristina V.; Asad, Hibo; Ash, Amy; Ashfield, Paula; Ashford, Fiona; Atkinson, Laura; Attwood, Stephen W.; Auckland, Cressida; Aydin, Alp; Baker, David J.; Baker, Paul; Balcazar, Carlos E.; Ball, Jonathan; Barrett, Jeffrey C.; Barrow, Magdalena; Barton, Edward; Bashton, Matthew; Bassett, Andrew R.; Batra, Rahul; Baxter, Chris; Bayzid, Nadua; Beaver, Charlotte; Beckett, Angela H.; Beckwith, Shaun M.; Bedford, Luke; Beer, Robert; Beggs, Andrew; Bellis, Katherine L.; Berry, Louise; Bertolusso, Beatrice; Best, Angus; Betteridge, Emma; Bibby, David; Bicknell, Kelly; Binns, Debbie; Birchley, Alec; Bird, Paul W.; Bishop, Chloe; Blacow, Rachel; Blakey, Victoria; Blane, Beth; Bolt, Frances; Bonfield, James; Bonner, Stephen; Bonsall, David; Boswell, Tim; Bosworth, Andrew; Bourgeois, Yann; Boyd, Olivia; Bradley, Declan T.; Breen, Cassie; Bresner, Catherine; Breuer, Judith; Bridgett, Stephen; Bronner, Iraad F.; Brooks, Ellena; Broos, Alice; Brown, Julianne R.; Bucca, Giselda; Buchan, Sarah L.; Buck, David; Bull, Matthew; Burns, Phillipa J.; Burton-Fanning, Shirelle; Byaruhanga, Timothy; Byott, Matthew; Campbell, Sharon; Carabelli, Alessandro M.; Cargill, James S.; Carlile, Matthew; Carvalho, Sílvia F.; Casey, Anna; Castigador, Anibolina; Catalan, Jana; Chalker, Vicki; Chaloner, Nicola J.; Chand, Meera; Chappell, Joseph G.; Charalampous, Themoula; Chatterton, Wendy; Chaudhry, Yasmin; Churcher, Carol M.; Clark, Gemma; Clarke, Phillip; Cogger, Benjamin J.; Cole, Kevin; Collins, Jennifer; Colquhoun, Rachel; Connor, Thomas R.; Cook, Kate F.; Coombes, Jason; Corden, Sally; Cormie, Claire; Cortes, Nicholas; Cotic, Marius; Cotton, Seb; Cottrell, Simon; Coupland, Lindsay; Cox, MacGregor; Cox, Alison; Craine, Noel; Crawford, Liam; Cross, Aidan; Crown, Matthew; Crudgington, Dorian; Cumley, Nicola; Curran, Tanya; Curran, Martin D.; da Silva Filipe, Ana; Dabrera, Gavin; Darby, Alistair C.; Davidson, Rose K.; Davies, Alisha; Davies, Robert M.; Davis, Thomas; de Angelis, Daniela; De Lacy, Elen; de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo; de Silva, Thushan I.; Debebe, Johnny; Denton-Smith, Rebecca; Dervisevic, Samir; Dewar, Rebecca; Dey, Jayasree; Dias, Joana; Dobie, Donald; Dorman, Matthew J.; Downing, Fatima; Driscoll, Megan; du Plessis, Louis; Duckworth, Nichola; Durham, Jillian; Eastick, Kirstine; Easton, Lisa J.; Eccles, Richard; Edgeworth, Jonathan; Edwards, Sue; Bouzidi, Kate El; Eldirdiri, Sahar; Ellaby, Nicholas; Elliott, Scott; Eltringham, Gary; Ensell, Leah; Erkiert, Michelle J.; Zamudio, Marina Escalera; Essex, Sarah; Evans, Johnathan M.; Evans, Cariad; Everson, William; Fairley, Derek J.; Fallon, Karlie; Fanaie, Arezou; Farr, Ben W.; Fearn, Christopher; Feltwell, Theresa; Ferguson, Lynne; Fina, Laia; Flaviani, Flavia; Fleming, Vicki M.; Forrest, Sally; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Foulkes, Benjamin H.; Foulser, Luke; Fragakis, Mireille; Frampton, Dan; Francois, Sarah; Fraser, Christophe; Freeman, Timothy M.; Fryer, Helen; Fuchs, Marc; Fuller, William; Gajee, Kavitha; Galai, Katerina; Gallagher, Abbie; Gallagher, Eileen; Gallagher, Michael D.; Gallis, Marta; Gaskin, Amy; Gatica-Wilcox, Bree; Geidelberg, Lily; Gemmell, Matthew; Georgana, Iliana; George, Ryan P.; Gifford, Laura; Gilbert, Lauren; Girgis, Sophia T.; Glaysher, Sharon; Goldstein, Emily J.; Golubchik, Tanya; Gomes, Andrea N.; Gonçalves, Sónia; Goodfellow, Ian G.; Goodwin, Scott; Goudarzi, Salman; Gourtovaia, Marina; Graham, Clive; Graham, Lee; Grant, Paul R.; Green, Luke R.; Green, Angie; Greenaway, Jane; Gregory, Richard; Guest, Martyn; Gunson, Rory N.; Gupta, Ravi K.; Gutierrez, Bernardo; Haldenby, Sam T.; Hamilton, William L.; Hansford, Samantha E.; Haque, Tanzina; Harris, Kathryn A.; Harrison, Ian; Harrison, Ewan M.; Hart, Jennifer; Hartley, John A.; Harvey, William T.; Harvey, Matthew; Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O.; Heaney, Judith; Helmer, Thomas; Henderson, John; Hesketh, Andrew R.; Hey, Jessica; Heyburn, David; Higginson, Ellen E.; Hill, Verity; Hill, Jack D.; Hilson, Rachel A.; Hilvers, Ember; Holden, Matthew T. G.; Hollis, Amy; Holmes, Christopher W.; Holmes, Nadine; Holmes, Alison H.; Hopes, Richard; Hornsby, Hailey R.; Hosmillo, Myra; Houlihan, Catherine; Howson-Wells, Hannah C.; Hsu, Sharon N.; Hubb, Jonathan; Huckson, Hannah; Hughes, Warwick; Hughes, Joseph; Hughes, Margaret; Hutchings, Stephanie; Idle, Giles; Illingworth, Chris J.; Impey, Robert; Irish-Tavares, Dianne; Iturriza-Gomara, Miren; Izuagbe, Rhys; Jackson, Chris; Jackson, Ben; Jackson, Leigh M.; Jackson, Kathryn A.; Jackson, David K.; Jahun, Aminu S.; James, Victoria; James, Keith; Jeanes, Christopher; Jeffries, Aaron R.; Jeremiah, Sarah; Jermy, Andrew; John, Michaela; Johnson, Rob; Johnson, Kate; Johnston, Ian; Jones, Owen; Jones, Sophie; Jones, Hannah; Jones, Christopher R.; Jones, Neil; Joseph, Amelia; Judges, Sarah; Kay, Gemma L.; Kay, Sally; Keatley, Jon-Paul; Keeley, Alexander J.; Kenyon, Anita; Kermack, Leanne M.; Khakh, Manjinder; Kidd, Stephen P.; Kimuli, Maimuna; Kirk, Stuart; Kitchen, Christine; Kitchman, Katie; Knight, Bridget A.; Koshy, Cherian; Kraemer, Moritz U. G.; Kumziene-Summerhayes, Sara; Kwiatkowski, Dominic; Lackenby, Angie; Laing, Kenneth G.; Lampejo, Temi; Langford, Cordelia F.; Lavin, Deborah; Lawton, Andrew I.; Lee, Jack C. D.; Lee, David; Lensing, Stefanie V.; Leonard, Steven; Levett, Lisa J.; Le-Viet, Thanh; Lewis, Jonathan; Lewis, Kevin; Liddle, Jennifier; Liggett, Steven; Lillie, Patrick J.; Lindsey, Benjamin B.; Lister, Michelle M.; Livett, Rich; Lo, Stephanie; Loman, Nicholas J.; Loose, Matthew W.; Louka, Stavroula F.; Loveson, Katie F.; Lowdon, Sarah; Lowe, Hannah; Lowe, Helen L.; Lucaci, Anita O.; Ludden, Catherine; Lynch, Jessica; Lyons, Ronan A.; Lythgoe, Katrina; Machin, Nicholas W.; MacIntyre-Cockett, George; Mack, Andrew; Macklin, Ben; Maclean, Alasdair; Macnaughton, Emily; Madona, Pinglawathee; Maes, Mailis; Maftei, Laurentiu; Mahanama, Adhyana I. K.; Mahungu, Tabitha W.; Mair, Daniel; Maksimovic, Joshua; Malone, Cassandra S.; Maloney, Daniel; Manesis, Nikos; Manley, Robin; Mantzouratou, Anna; Marchbank, Angela; Mariappan, Arun; Martincorena, Inigo; Nunez, Rocio T. Martinez; Mather, Alison E.; Maxwell, Patrick; Mayhew, Megan; Mbisa, Tamyo; McCann, Clare; McCarthy, Shane A.; McCluggage, Kathryn; McClure, Patrick C.; McCrone, J. T.; McHugh, Martin P.; McKenna, James P.; McKerr, Caoimhe; McManus, Georgina M.; McMurray, Claire L.; McMurray, Claire; McNally, Alan; Meadows, Lizzie; Medd, Nathan; Megram, Oliver; Menegazzo, Mirko; Merrick, Ian; Michell, Stephen L.; Michelsen, Michelle L.; Mirfenderesky, Mariyam; Mirza, Jeremy; Miskelly, Julia; Moles-Garcia, Emma; Moll, Robin J.; Molnar, Zoltan; Monahan, Irene M.; Mondani, Matteo; Mookerjee, Siddharth; Moore, Christopher; Moore, Jonathan; Moore, Nathan; Moore, Catherine; Morcrette, Helen; Morgan, Sian; Morgan, Mari; Mori, Matilde; Morriss, Arthur; Moses, Samuel; Mower, Craig; Muir, Peter; Mukaddas, Afrida; Munemo, Florence; Munn, Robert; Murray, Abigail; Murray, Leanne J.; Murray, Darren R.; Mutingwende, Manasa; Myers, Richard; Nastouli, Eleni; Nebbia, Gaia; Nelson, Andrew; Nelson, Charlotte; Nicholls, Sam; Nichols, Jenna; Nicodemi, Roberto; Nomikou, Kyriaki; O’Grady, Justin; O’Brien, Sarah; Odedra, Mina; Ohemeng-Kumi, Natasha; Oliver, Karen; Orton, Richard J.; Osman, Husam; O’Toole, Áine; Pacchiarini, Nicole; Padgett, Debra; Page, Andrew J.; Park, Emily J.; Park, Naomi R.; Parker, Matthew D.; Parmar, Surendra; Partridge, David G.; Pascall, David; Patel, Amita; Patel, Bindi; Paterson, Steve; Payne, Brendan A. I.; Peacock, Sharon J.; Pearson, Clare; Pelosi, Emanuela; Percival, Benita; Perkins, Jon; Perry, Malorie; Pinckert, Malte L.; Platt, Steven; Podplomyk, Olga; Pohare, Manoj; Pond, Marcus; Pope, Cassie F.; Poplawski, Radoslaw; Powell, Jessica; Poyner, Jennifer; Prestwood, Liam; Price, Anna; Price, James R.; Prieto, Jacqui A.; Pritchard, David T.; Prosolek, Sophie J.; Pugh, Georgia; Pusok, Monika; Pybus, Oliver G.; Pymont, Hannah M.; Quail, Michael A.; Quick, Joshua; Radulescu, Clara; Raghwani, Jayna; Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon; Rainbow, Lucille; Rajan, Diana; Rajatileka, Shavanthi; Ramadan, Newara A.; Rambaut, Andrew; Ramble, John; Randell, Paul A.; Randell, Paul; Ratcliffe, Liz; Raviprakash, Veena; Raza, Mohammad; Redshaw, Nicholas M.; Rey, Sara; Reynolds, Nicola; Richter, Alex; Robertson, David L.; Robinson, Esther; Robson, Samuel C.; Rogan, Fiona; Rooke, Stefan; Rowe, Will; Roy, Sunando; Rudder, Steven; Ruis, Chris; Rushton, Steven; Ryan, Felicity; Saeed, Kordo; Samaraweera, Buddhini; Sambles, Christine M.; Sanderson, Roy; Sanderson, Theo; Sang, Fei; Sass, Thea; Scher, Emily; Scott, Garren; Scott, Carol; Sehmi, Jasveen; Shaaban, Sharif; Shah, Divya; Shaw, Jessica; Shelest, Ekaterina; Shepherd, James G.; Sheridan, Liz A.; Sheriff, Nicola; Shirley, Lesley; Sillitoe, John; Silviera, Siona; Simpson, David A.; Singh, Aditi; Singleton, Dawn; Skvortsov, Timofey; Sloan, Tim J.; Sluga, Graciela; Smith, Ken; Smith, Kim S.; Smith, Perminder; Smith, Darren; Smith, Louise; Smith, Colin P.; Smith, Nikki; Smollett, Katherine L.; Snell, Luke B.; Somassa, Thomas; Southgate, Joel; Spellman, Karla; Chapman, Michael H. Spencer; Spurgin, Lewis G.; Spyer, Moira J.; Stanley, Rachael; Stanley, William; Stanton, Thomas D.; Starinskij, Igor; Stockton, Joanne; Stonehouse, Susanne; Storey, Nathaniel; Studholme, David J.; Sudhanva, Malur; Swindells, Emma; Taha, Yusri; Tan, Ngee Keong; Tang, Julian W.; Tang, Miao; Taylor, Ben E. W.; Taylor, Joshua F.; Taylor, Sarah; Temperton, Ben; Templeton, Kate E.; Thomas, Claire; Thomson, Laura; Thomson, Emma C.; Thornton, Alicia; Thurston, Scott A. J.; Todd, John A.; Tomb, Rachael; Tong, Lily; Tonkin-Hill, Gerry; Torok, M. Estee; Tovar-Corona, Jaime M.; Trebes, Amy; Trotter, Alexander J.; Tsatsani, Ioulia; Turnbull, Robyn; Turtle, Lance; Twohig, Katherine A.; Umpleby, Helen; Underwood, Anthony P.; Vamos, Edith E.; Vasylyeva, Tetyana I.; Vattipally, Sreenu; Vernet, Gabrielle; Vipond, Barry B.; Volz, Erik M.; Walsh, Sarah; Wang, Dennis; Warne, Ben; Warwick-Dugdale, Joanna; Wastnedge, Elizabeth; Watkins, Joanne; Watson, Louisa K.; Waugh, Sheila; Webster, Hermione J.; Weldon, Danni; Westwick, Elaine; Whalley, Thomas; Wheeler, Helen; Whitehead, Mark; Whiteley, Max; Whitwham, Andrew; Wierzbicki, Claudia; Willford, Nicholas J.; Williams, Lesley-Anne; Williams, Rebecca; Williams, Cheryl; Williams, Chris; Williams, Charlotte A.; Williams, Rachel J.; Williams, Thomas; Williams, Catryn; Williamson, Kathleen A.; Wilson-Davies, Eleri; Witele, Eric; Withell, Karen T.; Witney, Adam A.; Wolverson, Paige; Wong, Nick; Workman, Trudy; Wright, Victoria; Wright, Derek W.; Wyatt, Tim; Wyllie, Sarah; Xu-McCrae, Li; Yavus, Mehmet; Yaze, Geraldine; Yeats, Corin A.; Yebra, Gonzalo; Yew, Wen Chyin; Young, Greg; Young, Jamie; Zarebski, Alex E.; Zhang, Peijun; Modat, Marc; Hammers, Alexander; Spector, Tim D.; Steves, Claire J.; Sudre, Carole H.; Ourselin, Sebastien; Duncan, Emma L. |
| Publisher Information: | Nature Publishing |
| Publication Year: | 2022 |
| Collection: | Northumbria University, Newcastle: Northumbria Research Link (NRL) |
| Subject Terms: | B100 Anatomy; Physiology and Pathology; B900 Others in Subjects allied to Medicine; C500 Microbiology |
| Description: | The Delta (B.1.617.2) variant was the predominant UK circulating SARS-CoV-2 strain between May and December 2021. How Delta infection compares with previous variants is unknown. This prospective observational cohort study assessed symptomatic adults participating in the app-based COVID Symptom Study who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from May 26 to July 1, 2021 (Delta overwhelmingly the predominant circulating UK variant), compared (1:1, age- and sex-matched) with individuals presenting from December 28, 2020 to May 6, 2021 (Alpha (B.1.1.7) the predominant variant). We assessed illness (symptoms, duration, presentation to hospital) during Alpha- and Delta-predominant timeframes; and transmission, reinfection, and vaccine effectiveness during the Delta-predominant period. 3581 individuals (aged 18 to 100 years) from each timeframe were assessed. The seven most frequent symptoms were common to both variants. Within the first 28 days of illness, some symptoms were more common with Delta versus Alpha infection (including fever, sore throat, and headache) and some vice versa (dyspnoea). Symptom burden in the first week was higher with Delta versus Alpha infection; however, the odds of any given symptom lasting ≥ 7 days was either lower or unchanged. Illness duration ≥ 28 days was lower with Delta versus Alpha infection, though unchanged in unvaccinated individuals. Hospitalisation for COVID-19 was unchanged. The Delta variant appeared more (1.49) transmissible than Alpha. Re-infections were low in all UK regions. Vaccination markedly reduced the risk of Delta infection (by 69-84%). We conclude that COVID-19 from Delta or Alpha infections is similar. The Delta variant is more transmissible than Alpha; however, current vaccines showed good efficacy against disease. This research framework can be useful for future comparisons with new emerging variants. |
| Document Type: | article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: | text |
| Language: | English |
| ISSN: | 2045-2322 |
| Relation: | https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/49654/1/s41598-022-14016-0.pdf; Kläser, Kerstin, Molteni, Erika, Graham, Mark, Canas, Liane S., Österdahl, Marc F., Antonelli, Michela, Chen, Liyuan, Deng, Jie, Murray, Benjamin, Kerfoot, Eric, Wolf, Jonathan, May, Anna, Fox, Ben, Capdevila, Joan, Aanensen, David M., Abudahab, Khalil, Adams, Helen, Adams, Alexander, Afifi, Safiah, Aggarwal, Dinesh, Ahmad, Shazaad S. Y., Aigrain, Louise, Alcolea-Medina, Adela, Alikhan, Nabil-Fareed, Allara, Elias, Amato, Roberto, Angyal, Adrienn, Annett, Tara, Aplin, Stephen, Ariani, Cristina V., Asad, Hibo, Ash, Amy, Ashfield, Paula, Ashford, Fiona, Atkinson, Laura, Attwood, Stephen W., Auckland, Cressida, Aydin, Alp, Baker, David J., Baker, Paul, Balcazar, Carlos E., Ball, Jonathan, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Barrow, Magdalena, Barton, Edward, Bashton, Matthew, Bassett, Andrew R., Batra, Rahul, Baxter, Chris, Bayzid, Nadua, Beaver, Charlotte, Beckett, Angela H., Beckwith, Shaun M., Bedford, Luke, Beer, Robert, Beggs, Andrew, Bellis, Katherine L., Berry, Louise, Bertolusso, Beatrice, Best, Angus, Betteridge, Emma, Bibby, David, Bicknell, Kelly, Binns, Debbie, Birchley, Alec, Bird, Paul W., Bishop, Chloe, Blacow, Rachel, Blakey, Victoria, Blane, Beth, Bolt, Frances, Bonfield, James, Bonner, Stephen, Bonsall, David, Boswell, Tim, Bosworth, Andrew, Bourgeois, Yann, Boyd, Olivia, Bradley, Declan T., Breen, Cassie, Bresner, Catherine, Breuer, Judith, Bridgett, Stephen, Bronner, Iraad F., Brooks, Ellena, Broos, Alice, Brown, Julianne R., Bucca, Giselda, Buchan, Sarah L., Buck, David, Bull, Matthew, Burns, Phillipa J., Burton-Fanning, Shirelle, Byaruhanga, Timothy, Byott, Matthew, Campbell, Sharon, Carabelli, Alessandro M., Cargill, James S., Carlile, Matthew, Carvalho, Sílvia F., Casey, Anna, Castigador, Anibolina, Catalan, Jana, Chalker, Vicki, Chaloner, Nicola J., Chand, Meera, Chappell, Joseph G., Charalampous, Themoula, Chatterton, Wendy, Chaudhry, Yasmin, Churcher, Carol M., Clark, Gemma, Clarke, Phillip, Cogger, Benjamin J., Cole, Kevin, Collins, Jennifer, Colquhoun, Rachel, Connor, Thomas R., Cook, Kate F., Coombes, Jason, Corden, Sally, Cormie, Claire, Cortes, Nicholas, Cotic, Marius, Cotton, Seb, Cottrell, Simon, Coupland, Lindsay, Cox, MacGregor, Cox, Alison, Craine, Noel, Crawford, Liam, Cross, Aidan, Crown, Matthew, Crudgington, Dorian, Cumley, Nicola, Curran, Tanya, Curran, Martin D., da Silva Filipe, Ana, Dabrera, Gavin, Darby, Alistair C., Davidson, Rose K., Davies, Alisha, Davies, Robert M., Davis, Thomas, de Angelis, Daniela, De Lacy, Elen, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, de Silva, Thushan I., Debebe, Johnny, Denton-Smith, Rebecca, Dervisevic, Samir, Dewar, Rebecca, Dey, Jayasree, Dias, Joana, Dobie, Donald, Dorman, Matthew J., Downing, Fatima, Driscoll, Megan, du Plessis, Louis, Duckworth, Nichola, Durham, Jillian, Eastick, Kirstine, Easton, Lisa J., Eccles, Richard, Edgeworth, Jonathan, Edwards, Sue, Bouzidi, Kate El, Eldirdiri, Sahar, Ellaby, Nicholas, Elliott, Scott, Eltringham, Gary, Ensell, Leah, Erkiert, Michelle J., Zamudio, Marina Escalera, Essex, Sarah, Evans, Johnathan M., Evans, Cariad, Everson, William, Fairley, Derek J., Fallon, Karlie, Fanaie, Arezou, Farr, Ben W., Fearn, Christopher, Feltwell, Theresa, Ferguson, Lynne, Fina, Laia, Flaviani, Flavia, Fleming, Vicki M., Forrest, Sally, Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer, Foulkes, Benjamin H., Foulser, Luke, Fragakis, Mireille, Frampton, Dan, Francois, Sarah, Fraser, Christophe, Freeman, Timothy M., Fryer, Helen, Fuchs, Marc, Fuller, William, Gajee, Kavitha, Galai, Katerina, Gallagher, Abbie, Gallagher, Eileen, Gallagher, Michael D., Gallis, Marta, Gaskin, Amy, Gatica-Wilcox, Bree, Geidelberg, Lily, Gemmell, Matthew, Georgana, Iliana, George, Ryan P., Gifford, Laura, Gilbert, Lauren, Girgis, Sophia T., Glaysher, Sharon, Goldstein, Emily J., Golubchik, Tanya, Gomes, Andrea N., Gonçalves, Sónia, Goodfellow, Ian G., Goodwin, Scott, Goudarzi, Salman, Gourtovaia, Marina, Graham, Clive, Graham, Lee, Grant, Paul R., Green, Luke R., Green, Angie, Greenaway, Jane, Gregory, Richard, Guest, Martyn, Gunson, Rory N., Gupta, Ravi K., Gutierrez, Bernardo, Haldenby, Sam T., Hamilton, William L., Hansford, Samantha E., Haque, Tanzina, Harris, Kathryn A., Harrison, Ian, Harrison, Ewan M., Hart, Jennifer, Hartley, John A., Harvey, William T., Harvey, Matthew, Hassan-Ibrahim, Mohammed O., Heaney, Judith, Helmer, Thomas, Henderson, John, Hesketh, Andrew R., Hey, Jessica, Heyburn, David, Higginson, Ellen E., Hill, Verity, Hill, Jack D., Hilson, Rachel A., Hilvers, Ember, Holden, Matthew T. G., Hollis, Amy, Holmes, Christopher W., Holmes, Nadine, Holmes, Alison H., Hopes, Richard, Hornsby, Hailey R., Hosmillo, Myra, Houlihan, Catherine, Howson-Wells, Hannah C., Hsu, Sharon N., Hubb, Jonathan, Huckson, Hannah, Hughes, Warwick, Hughes, Joseph, Hughes, Margaret, Hutchings, Stephanie, Idle, Giles, Illingworth, Chris J., Impey, Robert, Irish-Tavares, Dianne, Iturriza-Gomara, Miren, Izuagbe, Rhys, Jackson, Chris, Jackson, Ben, Jackson, Leigh M., Jackson, Kathryn A., Jackson, David K., Jahun, Aminu S., James, Victoria, James, Keith, Jeanes, Christopher, Jeffries, Aaron R., Jeremiah, Sarah, Jermy, Andrew, John, Michaela, Johnson, Rob, Johnson, Kate, Johnston, Ian, Jones, Owen, Jones, Sophie, Jones, Hannah, Jones, Christopher R., Jones, Neil, Joseph, Amelia, Judges, Sarah, Kay, Gemma L., Kay, Sally, Keatley, Jon-Paul, Keeley, Alexander J., Kenyon, Anita, Kermack, Leanne M., Khakh, Manjinder, Kidd, Stephen P., Kimuli, Maimuna, Kirk, Stuart, Kitchen, Christine, Kitchman, Katie, Knight, Bridget A., Koshy, Cherian, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kumziene-Summerhayes, Sara, Kwiatkowski, Dominic, Lackenby, Angie, Laing, Kenneth G., Lampejo, Temi, Langford, Cordelia F., Lavin, Deborah, Lawton, Andrew I., Lee, Jack C. D., Lee, David, Lensing, Stefanie V., Leonard, Steven, Levett, Lisa J., Le-Viet, Thanh, Lewis, Jonathan, Lewis, Kevin, Liddle, Jennifier, Liggett, Steven, Lillie, Patrick J., Lindsey, Benjamin B., Lister, Michelle M., Livett, Rich, Lo, Stephanie, Loman, Nicholas J., Loose, Matthew W., Louka, Stavroula F., Loveson, Katie F., Lowdon, Sarah, Lowe, Hannah, Lowe, Helen L., Lucaci, Anita O., Ludden, Catherine, Lynch, Jessica, Lyons, Ronan A., Lythgoe, Katrina, Machin, Nicholas W., MacIntyre-Cockett, George, Mack, Andrew, Macklin, Ben, Maclean, Alasdair, Macnaughton, Emily, Madona, Pinglawathee, Maes, Mailis, Maftei, Laurentiu, Mahanama, Adhyana I. K., Mahungu, Tabitha W., Mair, Daniel, Maksimovic, Joshua, Malone, Cassandra S., Maloney, Daniel, Manesis, Nikos, Manley, Robin, Mantzouratou, Anna, Marchbank, Angela, Mariappan, Arun, Martincorena, Inigo, Nunez, Rocio T. Martinez, Mather, Alison E., Maxwell, Patrick, Mayhew, Megan, Mbisa, Tamyo, McCann, Clare, McCarthy, Shane A., McCluggage, Kathryn, McClure, Patrick C., McCrone, J. T., McHugh, Martin P., McKenna, James P., McKerr, Caoimhe, McManus, Georgina M., McMurray, Claire L., McMurray, Claire, McNally, Alan, Meadows, Lizzie, Medd, Nathan, Megram, Oliver, Menegazzo, Mirko, Merrick, Ian, Michell, Stephen L., Michelsen, Michelle L., Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mirza, Jeremy, Miskelly, Julia, Moles-Garcia, Emma, Moll, Robin J., Molnar, Zoltan, Monahan, Irene M., Mondani, Matteo, Mookerjee, Siddharth, Moore, Christopher, Moore, Jonathan, Moore, Nathan, Moore, Catherine, Morcrette, Helen, Morgan, Sian, Morgan, Mari, Mori, Matilde, Morriss, Arthur, Moses, Samuel, Mower, Craig, Muir, Peter, Mukaddas, Afrida, Munemo, Florence, Munn, Robert, Murray, Abigail, Murray, Leanne J., Murray, Darren R., Mutingwende, Manasa, Myers, Richard, Nastouli, Eleni, Nebbia, Gaia, Nelson, Andrew, Nelson, Charlotte, Nicholls, Sam, Nichols, Jenna, Nicodemi, Roberto, Nomikou, Kyriaki, O’Grady, Justin, O’Brien, Sarah, Odedra, Mina, Ohemeng-Kumi, Natasha, Oliver, Karen, Orton, Richard J., Osman, Husam, O’Toole, Áine, Pacchiarini, Nicole, Padgett, Debra, Page, Andrew J., Park, Emily J., Park, Naomi R., Parker, Matthew D., Parmar, Surendra, Partridge, David G., Pascall, David, Patel, Amita, Patel, Bindi, Paterson, Steve, Payne, Brendan A. I., Peacock, Sharon J., Pearson, Clare, Pelosi, Emanuela, Percival, Benita, Perkins, Jon, Perry, Malorie, Pinckert, Malte L., Platt, Steven, Podplomyk, Olga, Pohare, Manoj, Pond, Marcus, Pope, Cassie F., Poplawski, Radoslaw, Powell, Jessica, Poyner, Jennifer, Prestwood, Liam, Price, Anna, Price, James R., Prieto, Jacqui A., Pritchard, David T., Prosolek, Sophie J., Pugh, Georgia, Pusok, Monika, Pybus, Oliver G., Pymont, Hannah M., Quail, Michael A., Quick, Joshua, Radulescu, Clara, Raghwani, Jayna, Ragonnet-Cronin, Manon, Rainbow, Lucille, Rajan, Diana, Rajatileka, Shavanthi, Ramadan, Newara A., Rambaut, Andrew, Ramble, John, Randell, Paul A., Randell, Paul, Ratcliffe, Liz, Raviprakash, Veena, Raza, Mohammad, Redshaw, Nicholas M., Rey, Sara, Reynolds, Nicola, Richter, Alex, Robertson, David L., Robinson, Esther, Robson, Samuel C., Rogan, Fiona, Rooke, Stefan, Rowe, Will, Roy, Sunando, Rudder, Steven, Ruis, Chris, Rushton, Steven, Ryan, Felicity, Saeed, Kordo, Samaraweera, Buddhini, Sambles, Christine M., Sanderson, Roy, Sanderson, Theo, Sang, Fei, Sass, Thea, Scher, Emily, Scott, Garren, Scott, Carol, Sehmi, Jasveen, Shaaban, Sharif, Shah, Divya, Shaw, Jessica, Shelest, Ekaterina, Shepherd, James G., Sheridan, Liz A., Sheriff, Nicola, Shirley, Lesley, Sillitoe, John, Silviera, Siona, Simpson, David A., Singh, Aditi, Singleton, Dawn, Skvortsov, Timofey, Sloan, Tim J., Sluga, Graciela, Smith, Ken, Smith, Kim S., Smith, Perminder, Smith, Darren, Smith, Louise, Smith, Colin P., Smith, Nikki, Smollett, Katherine L., Snell, Luke B., Somassa, Thomas, Southgate, Joel, Spellman, Karla, Chapman, Michael H. Spencer, Spurgin, Lewis G., Spyer, Moira J., Stanley, Rachael, Stanley, William, Stanton, Thomas D., Starinskij, Igor, Stockton, Joanne, Stonehouse, Susanne, Storey, Nathaniel, Studholme, David J., Sudhanva, Malur, Swindells, Emma, Taha, Yusri, Tan, Ngee Keong, Tang, Julian W., Tang, Miao, Taylor, Ben E. W., Taylor, Joshua F., Taylor, Sarah, Temperton, Ben, Templeton, Kate E., Thomas, Claire, Thomson, Laura, Thomson, Emma C., Thornton, Alicia, Thurston, Scott A. J., Todd, John A., Tomb, Rachael, Tong, Lily, Tonkin-Hill, Gerry, Torok, M. 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(2022) COVID-19 due to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant compared to B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant of SARS-CoV-2: a prospective observational cohort study. Scientific Reports, 12 (1). p. 10904. ISSN 2045-2322 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-022-14016-0 |
| Availability: | https://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/49654/; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14016-0 |
| Rights: | cc_by_4_0 |
| Accession Number: | edsbas.C5E9A7AE |
| Database: | BASE |