| Title: |
Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study |
| Authors: |
Ni, Yu; Szpiro, Adam A; Loftus, Christine T; Workman, Tomomi; Sullivan, Alexis; Wallace, Erin R; Riederer, Anne M; Day, Drew B; Murphy, Laura E; Nguyen, Ruby HN; Sathyanarayana, Sheela; Barrett, Emily S; Zhao, Qi; Enquobahrie, Daniel A; Simpson, Christopher; Ahmad, Shaikh I; Arizaga, Jessica A; Collett, Brent R; Derefinko, Karen J; Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Bush, Nicole R; LeWinn, Kaja Z; Karr, Catherine J |
| Source: |
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, vol 260 |
| Publisher Information: |
eScholarship, University of California |
| Publication Year: |
2024 |
| Collection: |
University of California: eScholarship |
| Subject Terms: |
4206 Public Health (for-2020); 42 Health Sciences (for-2020); Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc); Pediatric (rcdc); Social Determinants of Health (rcdc); Endocrine Disruptors (rcdc); Mental Health (rcdc); Prevention (rcdc); Basic Behavioral and Social Science (rcdc); Neurosciences (rcdc); Women's Health (rcdc); Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period (rcdc); 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment (hrcs-rac); 3 Good Health and Well Being (sdg); Humans (mesh); Female (mesh); Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (mesh); Pregnancy (mesh); Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects (mesh); Executive Function (mesh); Child (mesh); Male (mesh); Cohort Studies (mesh); Environmental Pollutants (mesh); Adult (mesh); Memory; Short-Term (mesh); Maternal Exposure (mesh); Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Executive functions |
| Description: |
BACKGROUND: Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited. METHODS: We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8-9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture. RESULTS: The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident. CONCLUSION: We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf |
| Language: |
unknown |
| Relation: |
qt3dw021d1; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dw021d1; https://escholarship.org/content/qt3dw021d1/qt3dw021d1.pdf |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407 |
| Availability: |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3dw021d1; https://escholarship.org/content/qt3dw021d1/qt3dw021d1.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407 |
| Rights: |
CC-BY-NC |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.CE8FCE60 |
| Database: |
BASE |