| Authors: |
Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Zhou, Bin; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Bentham, James; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Iurilli, Maria L.C.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Taddei, Cristina; Bixby, Honor; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Danaei, Goodarz; Gregg, Edward W.; Black, Robert; Ezzati, Majid; Abarca-Gomez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmed, Soheir H.; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Othman, Amani Rashed; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Ali, Mohamed M.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Allin, Kristine; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Amiri, Parisa; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A.; Angquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araujo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna K.; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F.; Aung, May Soe; Auvinen, Juha; Avdicova, Maria; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Azmin, Mehrdad; Babu, Bontha V.; Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Baker, Jennifer L.; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Bandosz, Piotr; Banegas, Jose R.; Baran, Joanna; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barcelo, Alberto; Barkat, Amina; Barros, Aluisio J.D.; Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz D.; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M.; Batista, Rosangela L.; Battakova, Zhamilya; Batyrbek, Assembekov; Baur, Louise A.; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel-Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Bennett, James E.; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Bettiol, Heloisa; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Lele, Elysee Claude Bika; Bikbov, Mukharram M.; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J.; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius B.; Bjorkelund, Cecilia; Bloch, Katia V.; Blokstra, Anneke; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Boeing, Heiner; Boggia, Jose G.; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P.; Bojesen, Stig E.; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla-Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghs, Herman; Bovet, Pascal; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C.E.; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, Joao; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M.; Brian, Garry R.; Brinduse, Lacramioara; Brophy, Sinead; Bruno, Graziella; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Bugge, Anna; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; de Leon, Antonio Cabrera; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Cai, Hui; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, Jose; Can, Gunay; Candido, Ana Paula C.; Canete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario V.; Capkova, Nadezda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Carlsson, Axel C.; Carmuega, Esteban; Carvalho, Joana; Casajus, Jose A.; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A.; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique W.; Chan, Queenie; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul; Chen, Chien-Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores; Cho, Belong; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G.; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Claessens, Frank; Clarke, Janine; Clays, Els; Cohen, Emmanuel; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C.; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C.; Corpeleijn, Eva; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Crujeiras, Ana B.; Csilla, Semanova; Cucu, Alexandra M.; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe V.; D'Arrigo, Graziella; d'Orsi, Eleonora; Dacica, Liliana; Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Damsgaard, Camilla T.; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M.; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; Davletov, Kairat; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; de Oliveira, Paula Duarte; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R.; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D.; DeGennaro, Vincent; Dehghan, Abbas; Delisle, Helene; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Deren, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valerie; Dhana, Klodian; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F.; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena; Diaz, Alejandro; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T.P.; Dobson, Annette J.; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Donoso, Silvana P.; Doring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Doua, Kouamelan; Drygas, Wojciech; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A.; Duboz, Priscilla; Duda, Rosemary B.; Duleva, Vesselka; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C.; Dushpanova, Anar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El-Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise; Eliasen, Marie; Elliott, Paul; Engle-Stone, Reina; Enguerran, Macia; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Erbel, Raimund; Erem, Cihangir; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G.; Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge; Eslami, Saeid; Esmaeili, Ali; Evans, Alun; Faeh, David; Fakhretdinova, Albina A.; Fall, Caroline H.; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.; Ferguson, Trevor S.; Fernandes, Romulo A.; Fernandez-Berges, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiro, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fink, Gunther; Fischer, Krista; Foger, Bernhard; Foo, Leng Huat; Forsner, Maria; Fouad, Heba M.; Francis, Damian K.; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Franco, Oscar H.; Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D.; Fuchs, Sandra C.; Fujiati, Isti I.; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafencu, Mihai; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli; Garcia-Solano, Marta; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P.; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geiger, Harald; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Erfan; Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfagna, Francesco; Gill, Tiffany K.; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldsmith, Rebecca A.; Goltzman, David; Gomez, Santiago F.; Gomula, Aleksandra; da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro; Goncalves, Helen; Gonzalez-Chica, David A.; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; Gonzalez-Leon, Margot; Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P.; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena; Gonzalez, Angel R.; Gottrand, Frederic; Graca, Antonio Pedro; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grafnetter, Dusan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Gregor, Ronald D.; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Groholt, Else Karin; Grontved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gruden, Gabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela; Guallar-Castillon, Pilar; Gualtieri, Andrea; Gudmundsson, Elias F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L.; Gulliford, Martin C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J.; Guo, Xiu-Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; Gurzkowska, Beata; Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Enrique; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A.; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjaer, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A.M.; Hantunen, Sari; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa; Hayes, Alison J.; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Heidinger-Felso, Regina; Heinen, Mirjam; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henrique, Rafael dos Santos; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera, Victor M.; Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle; Heshmat, Ramin; Hill, Allan G.; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C.; Hobbs, Michael; Hofman, Albert; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hopman, Wilma M.; Horimoto, Andrea R.VR.; Hormiga, Claudia M.; Horta, Bernardo L.; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Thein, Thein Htay; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, Jose Maria; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac; Husseini, Abdullatif; Chinh, Nguyen Huu; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Ibarluzea, Jesus M.; Ibrahim, Mohsen M.; Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikram, M. Arfan; Iotova, Violeta; Irazola, Vilma E.; Ishida, Takafumi; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jackson, Rod T.; Jacobs, Jeremy M.; Jaddou, Hashem Y.; Jafar, Tazeen; James, Kenneth; Jamil, Kazi M.; Jamrozik, Konrad; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelakovic, Ana; Jelakovic, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jha, Anjani Kumar; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jimenez, Ramon O.; Jockel, Karl-Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Johansson, Mattias; Jokelainen, Jari J.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jorgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jovic, Dragana P.; Jozwiak, Jacek J.; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Simina, Iulia Jurca; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaducu, Felix O.; Kafatos, Anthony; Kajantie, Eero O.; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kanala, Kodanda R.; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Karki, Khem B.; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.; Keil, Ulrich; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C.G.; Kengne, Andre P.; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M.SL.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Dong Wook; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Kindblom, Jenny M.; Klakk, Heidi; Klimek, Magdalena; Klimont, Jeannette; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Koirala, Bhawesh; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; Konig, Jurgen; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Kovacs, Viktoria A.; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krokstad, Steiner; Kromhout, Daan; Krtalic, Branimir; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kunesova, Marie; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Quang, Ngoc La; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Laid, Youcef; Lam, Tai Hing; Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina; Landais, Edwige; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Latt, Tint Swe; Lauria, Laura; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lazo-Porras, Maria; Khanh, Le Nguyen Bao; Le Port, Agnes; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lee, Paul H.; Lehmann, Nils; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Levitt, Naomi S.; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Lin, Yi-Ting; Lind, Lars; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lijuan; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Khuong, Quynh Long; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Jose Eugenio; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lundqvist, Robert; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigova, Michala; Luszczki, Edyta; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Ma, Xu; Machado-Coelho, George L.L.; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Machi, Suka; Macieira, Luisa M.; Madar, Ahmed A.; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J.; Magnacca, Sara; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Maki, Paivi; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia K.; Maniego, Lynell V.; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim I.; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manzato, Enzo; Margozzini, Paula; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Marventano, Stefano; Mascarenhas, Luis P.; Masoodi, Shariq R.; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matsha, Tandi E.; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; McFarlane, Shelly R.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; McKee, Martin; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M.; McLean, Scott B.; McNulty, Breige A.; Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehdipour, Parinaz; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisfjord, Jorgen; Meisinger, Christa; Menezes, Ana Maria B.; Menon, Geetha R.; Mensink, Gert B.M.; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Mereke, Alibek; Meshram, Indrapal I.; Metspalu, Andres; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Milkowska, Karolina; Miller, Jody C.; Minderico, Claudia S.; Mini, G.K.; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirkopoulou, Daphne; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Mistretta, Antonio; Mocanu, Veronica; Modesti, Pietro A.; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Mostafa K.; Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitry, Marie; Molbo, Drude; Mollehave, Line T.; Moller, Niels C.; Molnar, Denes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K.; Monroy-Valle, Michele; Monterrubio-Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moreira, Leila B.; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A.; Morgan, Karen; Morin, Suzanne N.; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Andre; Mridha, Malay K.; Msyamboza, Kelias P.; Thet, Thet Mu; Muc, Magdalena; Mugosa, Boban; Muiesan, Maria L.; Mukhtorova, Parvina; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina; Murphy, Neil; Mursu, Jaakko; Murtagh, Elaine M.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanovic, Sanja Music; Musil, Vera; Mustafa, Norlaila; Nabipour, Iraj; Naderimagham, Shohreh; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidu, Balkish M.; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Namesna, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K.; Nangia, Vinay B.; Nankap, Martin; Narake, Sameer; Nardone, Paola; Nauck, Matthias; Neal, William A.; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nelis, Keiu; Nelis, Liis; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Nervi, Flavio; Nguyen, Chung T.; Nguyen, Nguyen D.; Quang, Ngoc Nguyen; Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E.; Nikitin, Yury P.; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A.; Nogueira, Helena; Norat, Teresa; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Noto, Davide; Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Nuhoglu, Irfan; Nurk, Eha; O'Neill, Terence W.; O'Reilly, Dermot; Obreja, Galina; Ochimana, Caleb; Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M.; Oda, Eiji; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohlsson, Claes; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olafsson, Orn; Olinto, Maria Teresa A.; Oliveira, Isabel O.; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Ono, Lariane M.; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Ana P.; Ortiz, Pedro J.; Osler, Merete; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A.; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina; Pagkalos, Ioannis; Pahomova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pajak, Andrzej; Palli, Domenico; Palloni, Alberto; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Arvind; Panza, Francesco; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Park, Soon-Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R.; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pascanu, Ionela M.; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D.; Pednekar, Mangesh S.; Peer, Nasheeta; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Peres, Marco A.; Perez-Farinos, Napoleon; Perez, Cynthia M.; Peterkova, Valentina; Peters, Annette; Petersmann, Astrid; Petkeviciene, Janina; Petrauskiene, Ausra; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Peykari, Niloofar; Son, Thai Pham; Pichardo, Rafael N.; Pierannunzio, Daniela; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pistelli, Francesco; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Pizarro, Andreia N.; Plans-Rubio, Pedro; Poh, Bee Koon; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Pop, Raluca M.; Popovic, Stevo R.; Porta, Miquel; Posch, Georg; Poudyal, Anil; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Pouraram, Hamed; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Price, Alison J.; Price, Jacqueline F.; Providencia, Rui; Puder, Jardena J.; Pudule, Iveta; Puhakka, Soile E.; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Qasrawi, Radwan F.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Tran, Quoc Bao; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahimikazerooni, Salar; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Raj, Manu; Rakhimova, Ellina; Rakhmatulloev, Sherali; Rakovac, Ivo; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Elisabete; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Lekhraj; Rampal, Sanjay; Rarra, Vayia; Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A.; Rasmussen, Mette; Rech, Cassiano Ricardo; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.; Regecova, Valeria; Revilla, Luis; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Ribas-Barba, Lourdes; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Riboli, Elio; Richter, Adrian; Rigo, Fernando; Rinaldo, Natascia; de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke; Rito, Ana; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.; Rivera, Juan A.; Robitaille, Cynthia; Roccaldo, Romana; Rodrigues, Daniela; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo; Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A.; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L.; Rosario, Rafaela V.; Rosengren, Annika; Rouse, Ian; Roy, Joel G.R.; Rubinstein, Adolfo; Ruhli, Frank J.; Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard; Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra; Moreno, Emma Ruiz; Rusakova, Iuliia A.; Jonsson, Kenisha Russell; Russo, Paola; Rust, Petra; Rutkowski, Marcin; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Sacchini, Elena; Sachdev, Harshpal S.; Sadjadi, Alireza; Safarpour, Ali Reza; Safi, Sare; Safiri, Saeid; Saidi, Olfa; Saki, Nader; Salanave, Benoit; Martinez, Eduardo Salazar; Salmeron, Diego; Salomaa, Veikko; Salonen, Jukka T.; Salvetti, Massimo; Samoutian, Margarita; Sanchez-Abanto, Jose; Sandjaja; Sans, Susana; Marina, Loreto Santa; Santos, Diana A.; Santos, Ina S.; Santos, Lelita C.; Santos, Maria Paula; Santos, Osvaldo; Santos, Rute; Sanz, Sara Santos; Saramies, Jouko L.; Sardinha, Luis B.; Sarrafzadegan, Nizal; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Saum, Kai-Uwe; Savva, Savvas; Savy, Mathilde; Sawada, Norie; Sbaraini, Mariana; Scazufca, Marcia; Schaan, Beatriz D.; Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath; Schargrodsky, Herman; Schienkiewitz, Anja; Schindler, Karin; Schipf, Sabine; Schmidt, Carsten O.; Schmidt, Ida Maria; Schnohr, Peter; Schottker, Ben; Schramm, Sara; Schramm, Stine; Schroder, Helmut; Schultsz, Constance; Schutte, Aletta E.; Sebert, Sylvain; Sein, Aye Aye; Selamat, Rusidah; Sember, Vedrana; Sen, Abhijit; Senbanjo, Idowu O.; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sequera, Victor; Serra-Majem, Luis; Servais, Jennifer; Sevcikova, Ludmila; Shalnova, Svetlana A.; Shamah-Levy, Teresa; Shamshirgaran, Morteza; Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam; Sharafkhah, Maryam; Sharma, Sanjib K.; Shaw, Jonathan E.; Shayanrad, Amaneh; Shayesteh, Ali Akbar; Shengelia, Lela; Shi, Zumin; Shibuya, Kenji; Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana; Shin, Dong Wook; Shin, Youchan; Shirani, Majid; Shiri, Rahman; Shrestha, Namuna; Si-Ramlee, Khairil; Siani, Alfonso; Siantar, Rosalynn; Sibai, Abla M.; Silva, Antonio M.; Silva, Diego Augusto Santos; Simon, Mary; Simons, Judith; Simons, Leon A.; Sjoberg, Agneta; Sjostrom, Michael; Skodje, Gry; Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta; Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw; Smeeth, Liam; So, Hung-Kwan; Soares, Fernanda Cunha; Sobek, Grzegorz; Sobngwi, Eugene; Sodemann, Morten; Soderberg, Stefan; Soekatri, Moesijanti Y.E.; Soemantri, Agustinus; Sofat, Reecha; Solfrizzi, Vincenzo; Somi, Mohammad Hossein; Sonestedt, Emily; Song, Yi; Sorensen, Thorkild I.A.; Sorgjerd, Elin P.; Soric, Maroje; Jerome, Charles Sossa; Soto-Rojas, Victoria E.; Soumare, Aicha; Sovic, Slavica; Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente; Sparrenberger, Karen; Spinelli, Angela; Spiroski, Igor; Staessen, Jan A.; Stamm, Hanspeter; Starc, Gregor; Stathopoulou, Maria G.; Staub, Kaspar; Stavreski, Bill; Steene-Johannessen, Jostein; Stehle, Peter; Stein, Aryeh D.; Stergiou, George S.; Stessman, Jochanan; Stevanovic, Ranko; Stieber, Jutta; Stockl, Doris; Stocks, Tanja; Stokwiszewski, Jakub; Stoyanova, Ekaterina; Stratton, Gareth; Stronks, Karien; Strufaldi, Maria Wany; Sturua, Lela; Suarez-Medina, Ramon; Suka, Machi; Sun, Chien-An; Sundstrom, Johan; Sung, Yn-Tz; Sunyer, Jordi; Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul; Swinburn, Boyd A.; Sy, Rody G.; Syddall, Holly E.; Sylva, Rene Charles; Szklo, Moyses; Szponar, Lucjan; Tai, E. Shyong; Tammesoo, Mari-Liis; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Tan, Eng Joo; Tang, Xun; Tanser, Frank; Tao, Yong; Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul; Tarp, Jakob; Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B.; Braunerova, Radka Taxova; Taylor, Anne; Taylor, Julie; Tchibindat, Felicite; Tebar, William R.; Tell, Grethe S.; Tello, Tania; Thankappan, K.R.; Theobald, Holger; Theodoridis, Xenophon; Thijs, Lutgarde; Thomas, Nihal; Thuesen, Betina H.; Ticha, Lubica; Timmermans, Erik J.; Tjonneland, Anne; Tolonen, Hanna K.; Tolstrup, Janne S.; Topbas, Murat; Topor-Madry, Roman; Torheim, Liv Elin; Tormo, Maria Jose; Tornaritis, Michael J.; Torrent, Maties; Torres-Collado, Laura; Toselli, Stefania; Traissac, Pierre; Thi, Tuyet-Hanh Tran; Trichopoulos, Dimitrios; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Trinh, Oanh T.H.; Trivedi, Atul; Tshepo, Lechaba; Tsigga, Maria; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Tuliakova, Azaliia M.; Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K.; Tullu, Fikru; Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Turley, Maria L.; Tynelius, Per; Tzotzas, Themistoklis; Tzourio, Christophe; Ueda, Peter; Ugel, Eunice; Ukoli, Flora A.M.; Ulmer, Hanno; Unal, Belgin; Usupova, Zhamyila; Uusitalo, Hannu M.T.; Uysal, Nalan; Vaitkeviciute, Justina; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Vale, Susana; Valvi, Damaskini; van Dam, Rob M.; Van der Heyden, Johan; van der Schouw, Yvonne T.; Van Herck, Koen; Hoang, Van Minh; van Valkengoed, Irene G.M.; Vanderschueren, Dirk; Vanuzzo, Diego; Varbo, Anette; Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio; Varona-Perez, Patricia; Vasan, Senthil K.; Vega, Tomas; Veidebaum, Toomas; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Velika, Biruta; Veronesi, Giovanni; Verschuren, W.M. 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| Description: |
BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5-19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9-10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their ... |