| Title: |
Vitruvian binders in Venice: first evidence of Phlegraean pozzolans in an underwater Roman construction in the Venice Lagoon |
| Authors: |
Simone Dilaria; Giulia Ricci; Michele Secco; Carlo Beltrame; Elisa Costa; Tommaso Giovanardi; Jacopo Bonetto; Gilberto Artioli |
| Contributors: |
Dilaria, Simone; Ricci, Giulia; Secco, Michele; Beltrame, Carlo; Costa, Elisa; Giovanardi, Tommaso; Bonetto, Jacopo; Artioli, Gilberto |
| Publication Year: |
2024 |
| Collection: |
Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia: ARCA (Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca) |
| Subject Terms: |
Settore L-ANT/10 - Metodologie della Ricerca Archeologica; Settore ARCH-01/G - Metodologie della ricerca archeologica |
| Description: |
Four mortar samples were collected from a submerged Roman well-cistern in the norther part of the Lagoon of Venice, recently investigated during underwater surveys promoted by the team of maritime archaeology of the University Ca’ Foscari of Venice. Samples were preliminary described following a standardized protocol of analytical techniques, including Polarized Light Optical Microscopy (PLM), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Analyses were aimed at performing a petro-mineralogical characterization of the materials and parametrizing the complex reaction chemistry of the hydraulic processes developed in the mortars in underwater conditions. Archaeometric analyses allowed the mortars to be identified as cocciopesto enriched with local sand in variable concentrations. Moreover, pyroclastic aggregates from the Phlegraean fields (pulvis puteolana) were added to the mortars to enhance the hydraulic capabilities of the compounds. Provenance determination of the volcanic pozzolans was determined geochemically by analysing via SEM-EDS and Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) unreacted cores of volcanic glass and by comparing the results with the geochemical profiles of pyroclastic products of the Italian Plio-Quaternary magmatic districts. Around 950 geochemical profiles of juveniles, relating to differentiated eruptive events within the Phlegraean Fields, Somma-Vesuvius, Ischia and Procida-Vivara, constituted the reference database. An updated pattern of trace elements was selected among REE and HFSE to discriminate the origin within the Neapolitan magmatic activities, and descriptive chemical elements plotted one-by-one in explorative scatterplots. Provenance determination was further refined by discriminant analysis and spider-diagrams to cross-verify the scatterplot distributions. This operation was complicated by the extraordinarily advanced reaction processes of the analysed pozzolans, ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
volume:22; firstpage:1; lastpage:33; numberofpages:33; journal:PLOS ONE; https://hdl.handle.net/10278/5042620; https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0313917 |
| DOI: |
10.1371/journal.pone.0313917 |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/10278/5042620; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313917; https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0313917 |
| Rights: |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.CF61A0B4 |
| Database: |
BASE |