| Title: |
Baseline associations between exposure to metals and systolic and diastolic blood pressure among women in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial |
| Authors: |
Karakwende, Patrick; Barr, Dana Boyd; Checkley, William; Clasen, Thomas; Lovvorn, Amy E.; Lucía Contreras, Carmen; Díaz-Artiga, Anaité; Dusabimana, Ephrem; de las Fuentes, Lisa; Jabbarzadeh, Shirin; Johnson, Michael; Kalisa, Egide; Kirby, Miles A.; McCracken, John P.; Ndagijimana, Florien; Ndikubwimana, Adolphe; Ntakirutimana, Theoneste; Ntivuguruzwa, Jean de Dieu; Peel, Jennifer L.; Pillarisetti, Ajay; Davila-Roman, Victor G.; Rosa, Ghislaine; Waller, Lance A.; Wang, Jiantong; Thompson, Lisa M; Clark, Maggie L.; Young, Bonnie N. |
| Contributors: |
National Institutes of Health in collaboration with the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation . |
| Source: |
Environmental Research: Health ; ISSN 2752-5309 |
| Publisher Information: |
IOP Publishing |
| Publication Year: |
2026 |
| Description: |
Background: Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are metals that occur naturally in the environment and are present in biomass fuels, such as wood. When these fuels are burned, they can release Pb and Cd into the air, leading to exposure through inhalation. Studies of exposure to metals and health outcomes suggest harmful impacts, including cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We assessed baseline associations between Pb and Cd concentrations in dried blood spots with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) among women in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial. We analyzed data from three of the four HAPIN randomized controlled trial sites (Guatemala, Peru, and Rwanda), focusing on women aged 40 to 79 years living in households reliant on biomass cooking. Dried blood spots were analyzed for Pb and Cd exposure; SBP and DBP were measured following international guidelines. Demographic, socioeconomic, and dietary variables were collected via standardized questionnaires administered by local field staff. Statistical analyses included multivariable linear regression to examine associations between Pb and Cd, separately, and SBP and DBP, adjusting for covariates. Additional analyses assessed effect modification by age and research site. Results: Median SBP and DBP values were higher in Rwanda (116.3 mmHg, 73.0 mmHg) and Guatemala (113.3 mmHg, 68.3 mmHg) compared to Peru (106.0 mmHg, 63.3 mmHg). Pb exposure showed positive associations with both SBP and DBP. For each log-unit increase in Pb concentration, we observed increases of 2.36 mmHg SBP (95% CI 0.51, 4.20) and 1.42 mmHg DBP (95% CI 0.16, 2.67). Cd was not associated with SBP or DBP in this analysis. Conclusion: Pb exposure from biomass smoke inhalation may be an important risk factor for increased SBP and DBP, markers of cardiovascular disease risk. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
unknown |
| DOI: |
10.1088/2752-5309/ae5ac6 |
| DOI: |
10.1088/2752-5309/ae5ac6/pdf |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5309/ae5ac6; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5309/ae5ac6; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2752-5309/ae5ac6/pdf |
| Rights: |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ; https://iopscience.iop.org/info/page/text-and-data-mining |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.D1E79323 |
| Database: |
BASE |