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Early versus Delayed Switching from Controlled to Assisted Ventilation: A Target Trial Emulation

Title:	Early versus Delayed Switching from Controlled to Assisted Ventilation: A Target Trial Emulation
Authors:	Reep, Carmen A. T.; Wils, Evert-Jan; Fleuren, Lucas M.; Breskin, Alexander; Bellani, Giacomo; Laffey, John G.; Brochard, Laurent J.; Pham, Tài; Heunks, Leo; Estenssoro, Elisa; Van Haren, Frank; Hermans, Greet; Neto, Ary Serpa; Qiu, Haibo; Goligher, Ewan; Bugedo, Guillermo; Cerny, Vladimir; Razek, Assem Abdel; Beduneau, Gaëtan; Perbet, Sébastien; Moerer, Onnen; Matamis, Dimitrios; Papali, Alfred; Molnar, Zsolt; Amin, Pravin; Hashemian, Sayed Mohammadreza; Clarkson, Kevin; Grasselli, Giacomo; Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu; Acharya, Subhash P; Villagomez, Asisclo; Zeggwagh, Amine Ali; Heunks, Leo M.; Laake, Jon Henrik; Roldan, Rollin; Szuldrzynski, Konstanty; Aragao, Irene; Tomescu, Dana; Gritsan, Alexey; Arabi, Yaseen; Jovanovic, Bojan; Cho, Young-Jae; Peñuelas, Óscar; Panka, Bernardo; Berkius, Johan; Piquilloud, Lise; Rittayamai, Nuttapol; Abrough, Fekri; Ozyilmaz, Ezgi; Camporota, Luigi; Bauer, Philippe; Talmor, Daniel; Beitler, Jeremy; null, null; Cani, Alma; Fredes, Sebastian; Ilutovich, Santiago; Santojanni, Hospital D. F; Bezzi, Marco; Borello, Silvina; Plotnikow, Gustavo; Pratto, Romina; Iezzi, Nicolas; Lopez, Rodolfo; Furche, Mariano Andres; Rubatto Birri, Paolo Nahuel; Lovazzano, Pablo; Setten, Mariano; Grando, Matilde; Pavlotsky, Vanesa Alejandra; Benvenuti, Daniela; Markman, Eliana; Paz, Graciela; Robledo, Aldana Ruiz; Alejandro Gomez, Raúl; Florencia Valenti, María; Diaz, Anatilde; Garcia, Analía; Hernandez, Rosana; Orlandi, Maria Cristina; Conde, Juan; Reina, Rosa; Chaparro, Gustavogcha; Pagella, Gonzalo; Zakalik, Graciela; Pellegrini, Carlos; Chena, Ariel; Farina, Maria Fernanda; Lopez, Claudia Elizabeth; Rios, Fernando; Sagardia, Judith; Elena Romano, María; Succar, Cristina Villegas; Bettini, Lisandro Roberto; Cardonnet, Luis Pablo; Vazquez, Alejandro Risso; Giannoni, Robert; Bai, Gabriela; Izza, Santiago; Escobar, Miguel; Sanchez, Patricia; Bersten, Andrew; Bihari, Shailesh; Hill, Dianne; Richardson, Angus; Duke, Graeme; Hunter, Stephanie; Bissett, Bernie; Haren, Frank Van; Kol, Mark; Shah, Asim; Oziemski, Peter; Welsh, Deborah; Palaniswamy, Vijayanand; Kerr, Kathryn; Parekh, Ameet; Eroglu, Ege; Regli, Adrian; Fysh, Edward; Blythe, David; Muthukrishnan, Muraleekrishnan; Ferrier, Janet; Litton, Edward; Hanlon, Gabrielle; Barrett, Jonathan; McCullough, James; Tallott, Mandy; Mahmud Redwanul Huq, Shihan; Rabbani, Raihan; Frans, Eric; Ceunen, Helga; Soetens, Filiep; Vanhoof, Marc; Bulpa, Pierre; Michaux, Isabelle; Crespo Ramirez, Mónica; Romero, Orlando Gordillo; Grabovica, Sanja Granov; Straus, Slavenka; Costa Pinto, Bruno Vilela; Rahe Pereira, Maria Augusta; Tamasato, Edys; Filho, Wilson Oliveira; Vieira, Jocyelle; Kutchak, Fernanda; Rieder, Marcelo; Dantas, Fabianne; Gondim, Louise; Azevedo, Luciano; Taniguchi, Leandro; da Silva Ramos, Fernando; Timenetsky, Karina; Piras, Stephanie; Piras, Claudio; Caser, Eliana; Sales, Betania Silva; Borislavova, Margarita; Bosma, Karen J.; Mikhaeil, Michael; Seely, Andrew; Brochard, Laurent; Pham, Thai; Artigas, Ricard Mellado; Piraino, Thomas; Shin, Phil; Ansari, Sharique; McCredie, Victoria; Arellano, Daniel; Cornejo, Rodrigo; Flamm Zamorano, Matias Jesús; Gonzalez, Manuel; Carpio, David; Graf Santos, Jerónimo; Pérez-Araos, Rodrigo; Labarca, Eduardo; Martinez, Felipe; Zhu, Bin; Pan, Guojun; Shuhua, Chen; Zhang, Jiuzhi; Chen, Kai; Yu, Rongguo; Qin, Tiehe; Wang, Shouhong; Guan, Xiang-Dong; Wu, Jian-Feng; Wei, Bi-Lin; Feng, Feng; Hou, Meihong; Zhang, Hongwen; Qian, Chuanyun; Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Jia; Xing, Zheng-Jiang; Li, Dahuan; Zhang, Guoxiu; Gu, Qing; Liu, Ning; Liu, Ling; Mei, Chengqing; Ye, Zhenglong; Jiang, Liangyan; Tang, Zhanhong; Sun, Chenliang; Zhao, Hongsheng; Dawei, Wu; Xi, Guo; Liu, Jialin; Qu, Hongping; Ruilan, Wang; Yun, Xie; Zang, Bin; Luo, Hua; Zhang, Weixin; Pan, Wensen; Yuan, Boyun; Feng, Yufeng; Lu, Min; Hongtao, Xia; Yu, Gong; Shang, You; Yang, Xiaobo; Qi, Yupeng; Yu, Tao; Xu, Hongyang; Yan, Jie; Jing, Chen; Minwei, Zhang; Li, Hongbin; Sun, Rongqing; Vargas-Ordoñez, Mónica; Silesky Jimenez, Juan Ignacio; Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan; Morocho Tutillo, Diego Rolando; Peña Padilla, Andrea Gabriela; Alvarez, Diana; Fernanda Garcia, María; Elsaadany, Mohamed; Elsayed, Hany; Elsayed, Samar; Aboshady, Abdelrhman; Doha, Nagwa; Shebl, Eman; Crova, Philippe; Nga Phan, Thuy; Bocher, Simon; Prat, Gwenael; Danguy des Déserts, Marc; Labat, Françoise; Daubin, Cédric; Joret, Aurélie; Sauneuf, Bertrand; Souloy, Xavier; Emery, Malo; Roux, Damien; Schortgen, Frédérique; Declercq, Pierre-Louis; Gelinotte, Stéphanie; Galerneau, Louis-Marie; Terzi, Nicolas; Chemouni, Frank; Chudeau, Nicolas; Nseir, Saad; Rouze, Anahita; Le Meur, Matthieu; Thyrault, Martial; Guérin, Claude; Chelly, Jonathan; Jochmans, Sébastien; Danin, Pierre-Eric; Humbert, Louis; Dellamonica, Jean; Buscot, Mathieu; Lemiale, Virginie; Ghrenassia, Etienne; Bruel, Cédric; Philippart, François; Llitjos, Jean-François; Marin, Nathalie; Fartoukh, Muriel; Voiriot, Guillaume; Guerot, Emmanuel; Decavèle, Maxens; Dres, Martin; Reynaud, Faustine; Thille, Arnaud W.; Tonnelier, Alexandre; Beuret, Pascal; Ena, Sébastien; Gouin, Philippe; Guitard, Pierre-Gildas; Surlemont, Elisabeth; Lagache, Laurie; Preda, Gabriel; Silva, Daniel; Dangers, Laurence; Delmas, Benjamin; Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne; Schneider, Francis; Arnal, Jean-Michel; Garnero, Aude; Badie, Julio; Barrot, Loïc; Lepper, Philipp M.; Seiler, Frederik; Papanikolaou, Metaxia; Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi; Apostolopoulou, Olympia; Diakaki, Chrysi; Ioannides, Panagiotis; Oikonomou, Marina; Mass, Eleni; Mouloudi, Eleni; Dimoula, Aikaterini; Nikolakopoulou, Sofia; House, Stacy; Rivette, Monaly; Kopitko, Csaba; Medve, László; Kulcsar, Zoltan; Szabo, Zsuzsanna; Öveges, Nándo; Sarkany, Agnes; Kaushik, Shuchi; Shah, Bhagyesh; Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan; Vj, Ramesh; Pattnaik, Saroj; Ray, Banambar; Mishra, Sanghamitra; Pati, Basanta Kumar; Nandakumar, Sivakumar; Saravanabavan, Lakshmikantcharan; Bhakhtiani, Lakshay; Jha, Simant; Agrawal, Vijay Kumar; Khairnar, Prakash; Samavedam, Srinivas; Baronia, Arvind; Gurjar, Mohan; Patel, Mayur; Rathod, Darshana; Bawangade, Harshal; Jeswani, Deepak; Maheswarappa, Harish Mallapura; Hashemian, Seyed Mohammadreza; Jamaati, Hamidreza; Flood, Laura; Nichol, Alistair; Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Snyman, Lindi; Grainne, Rooney; Motherway, Catherine; Walsh, Don; Faheem, Mohammad; Grasso, Salavtore; Stripoli, Tania; Nasi, Alessandra; Riva, Ivano; Pierucci, Elisabetta; D'Andrea, Rocco; Pecci, Elisabetta; Grasso, Rinaldo; Monza, Gianmario; Maugeri, Jessica; Bellissima, Agrippino; Garofalo, Eugenio; Navalesi, Paolo; Zambon, Massimo; Gnesin, Paolo; Todeschini, Manuel; Maggiore, Salvatore Maurizio; Muttini, Stefano; Beck, Eduardo; Facchini, Alberto; Guatteri, Luca; Spadaro, Savino; Volta, Carlo Alberto; Chelazzi, Cosimo; Cinnella, Gilda; Mirabella, Lucia; Molin, Alexandre; Tarantino, Fabio; Coppadoro, Andrea; Vascotto, Ettore; Orsenigo, Francesca; Porta, Virginia; Chiumello, Davide; Mistraletti, Giovanni; Castelli, Antonio; Colombo, Riccardo; Curto, Francesco; Fumagalli, Roberto; Pinciroli, Riccardo; Savioli, Monica; Bottiroli, Maurizio; Pavesi, Maurizio; Oliveri, Carlo; Vaschetto, Rosanna; Caironi, Pietro; Ballico, Bruno; Vitale, Giovanni; Persona, Paolo; Tonetti, Tommaso; Boraso, Sabrina; Pasin, Laura; Cortegiani, Andrea; Ippolito, Mariachiara; Cracchiolo, Andrea Neville; Strano, Maria Teresa; Picetti, Edoardo; Sani, Emanuele; Belliato, Mirko; Iotti, Giorgio Antonio; Aliberti, Anna; Mojoli, Francesco; Giacomucci, Angelo; Frattari, Antonella; Bertini, Pietro; Guarracino, Fabio; Cappellini, Iacopo; Consales, Guglielmo; Fusari, Maurizio; Zani, Gianluca; Bruni, Andrea; Macheda, Sebastiano; Bernabe, Laura; Piervincenzi, Edoardo; Ranieri, Marco; De Pascale, Gennaro; Montini, Luca; Caccese, Roberta; Gollo, Yari; Lascari, Valeria; Fortunato, Antonella; Palmese, Salvatore; Spagnoli, Marco; Zerbi, Simone Maria; Floris, Leda; Terragni, Pierpaolo; Clementi, Stefano; Barbieri, Rosella; Cubattoli, Lucia; Fanelli, Vito; Sales, Gabriele; Sovatzis, Stefania; Borelli, Massimo; Vagginelli, Federica; Chiarandini, Paolo; Lugano, Manuela; Buttera, Stefania; Gigante, Andrea; Lucchese, Francesca; Gelormini, Domenico; Boni, Elisa; Rosa, Silvia De; Oguchi, Moe; Sadahiro, Tomohito; Obata, Yukako; Masaaki, Sakuraya; Takaba, Akihiro; Ohshimo, Shinichiro; Shime, Nobuaki; Kamohara, Hidenobu; Irie, Hiromasa; Arinaga, Koichi; Niiyama, Shuhei; Mochizuki, Katsunori; Nitta, Kenichi; Yumoto, Tetsuya; Kuriyama, Akira; Nakanishi, Misuzu; Sanui, Masamitsu; Kumasawa, Junji; Shiga, Takuya; Yoshida, Norifumi; Katayama, Shinshu; Itagaki, Taiga; Omura, Kazuya; Asano, Kengo; Ota, Kei; Yamamoto, Kotaro; Taniguchi, Daisuke; Kataoka, Jun; Iriyama, Hiroki; Abe, Toshikazu; Nakayama, Izumi; Nagata, Isao; Benlamin, Mohamed; ELmaryul, Abubaker S; de Jesus Montelongo, Felipe; Madrigal Robles, Victor Hugo; Gonzalez, Daniel Rodriguez; Namendys-Silva, Silvio Antonio; Nava, Claudia Lopez; San Juan Roman, Nandyelly; del Carmen Marin, Maria; Canedo, Nancy; Esquivel, Alejandro; Hernandez, Carmen; Goytia, Gustavo Lugo; Lopez, Antonio Landaverde; Sosa Medellin, Miguel Ángel; Manzano, Anaid; Benslama, Abdellatif; Ezzouine, Hanane; Hachimi, Abdelhamid; Housni, Brahim; Dendane, Tarek; Mouhssine, Doumiri; Wajdi, Maazouzi; Acharya, Subhash; Thakur, Anand; Gautam, Prabha; van den Hul, Ingrid; Pisani, Luigi; Schultz, Marcus J.; Rinket, Martin; Vermeijden, Jan Wytze; Acampo-de Jong, Melanie; Heines, Serge; Frenzel, Tim; van der Hoeven, Hans; Van Der Meer, Nardo; Weller, Dolf; Simons, Koen; Parke, Rachael; McGuinness, Shay; Chapman, Carmel; Stapleton, Andrew; Buehner, Ulrike; Williams, Erin; Beehre, Nina; Andersen, Finn H.; Ågot Sjøbø, Brit; Schwarz, Gabriele Leonie; Dybwik, Knut; Johnstad, Bror Anders; Legernaes, Terje; Vinorum, Ole Georg; Wenn-Velken, Nils Christian; Fluckiger, Martin; Fehrle, Lutz; Aslam, Tayyba Naz; Rørtveit, Linda; Strand, Kristian; Ali, Muneeb; Pasha, Taha; Jabeen, Rakhshanda; Nasir, Kamal; Chavez, Cecilia Eugenia; Gutierrez, Patricia; Muñoz, Tapia; Cabrera, Jorge; Porras, Willy; Coaguila, Luis; Soto, Giovanna; Paredes, Rosita Gomero; Santos, Martin; Avalos Cabrera, Jesus Milagrito; Gutierrez, Ivan Canchos; Leon Yoshido, Hector Higo; Zumaran, Ronald; Malpartida, Guillermo; Portugal, José; Heredia Orbegoso, Gabriel Omar; Rodriguez Tucto, Xandra Yanina; Maita, Ronald Perez; Soto, Rocio Quispe; Gallegos, Helbert Esquivel; Soto, Rocio Qiospe; Cruz, José; Paz, Enrique; Diaz, Willy; Gomez, Oscar; Olmos, Rainier Ovalle; Sierra, Rosario Quispe; Malaga, Peter; Sandoval, Yazcitk; Laca Barrera, Manuel Alberto; Alvarado, Fernando Pachas; Quintana, Teobaldo; Yáñez, Julio; Herrera, Luis; Milagros, Olga; Arica, Mestanza; Czempik, Piotr; Jankowski, Milosz; Garlicki, Jaroslaw; Serednicki, Wojciech; Wojtas, Jadwiga; Smiechowicz, Jakub; Catorze, Nuno; Pereira, Tiago; Gomes, Rui; Pereira, Vera; Coxo, Cristina; Bento, Luis; Ventura, Sara; Mendes, Victor; Povoa, Pedro; Dykyy, Maksym; Hidalgo, Juan; Oliveira, Maria Teresa; Vaz, Ana; Castro, Heloisa; Ferreira da Silva, Maria João; Leonor, Tiago; Sousa, Elsa; Carvalho, João; Domingos, Guilherme; Lima, Ana Raquel; Milet, Igor; Patão, Luis; Santos, Carla; Malyarchikov, Andrey; Shapovalov, Konstantin; Gazenkampf, Andrey; Petrova, Marina; Vatsik, Maria; Dunts, Pavel; Li, Oleg; Salem, Maie; Al Sadeh, Ghamdan; Mustafa, Mohamed; Alamri, Sultan; Rabee, Mohamed; Rabie, Ahmed; Rajab, Mostafa; Mohamed Khalaf Ebraheim, Mervat; Hadzibegovic, Adi; Stefanovic, Branislava; Knafelj, Rihard; Noc, Marko; SunPark, Tai; Lee, Su Hwan; Lee, Young Ju; Hong, Kyung Sook; Lee, Jinwoo; Jeon, Kyeongman; Chang, Youjin; Jongmin, Lee; Chan, Kim Seok; Lee, Bo Young; Song, Joo Han; Huh, Jin Won; Young, Lee Hwa; Lee, Seok Jeong; Lee, Won-Yeon; Llorente, Beatriz; Pintado, Maria-Consuelo; Fernandez, Irene; Ubeda, Alejandro; del Carmen Campos Moreno, María; Dal Gesso, Cristina Martin; Gomez, Aroa; Ricart, Pilar; Amador, Joaquin; Jurado, Maria Teresa; Perez-Teran, Purificación; Vazquez-Sanchez, Antonia; Benitez-Cano, Adela; Carazo, Jesus; Parrilla, Francisco J.; laborda, César; Roca, Oriol; Allegue, Jose Manuel; Ojados, Agueda; Carmen Hornos, M.; Portilla, Mariana; Gordo, Federico; Homez, Marcela; Muncharaz, Alberto Belenguer; Quintero, Manuel Castillo; Morales, Maria; Carriedo, Demetrio; Rodriguez, Covadonga; Fuentes, Silvia Avila; Sarmiento, Natalia Resano; Olivares, Pablo Garcia; Codecido, Alexis Jaspe; de Pablo, Raúl; Jaramillo, Luis Alberto; Saez, Ignacio; Temprano, Susana; Prieto, Isidro; Maseda, Emilio; Calvo, Cesar Perez; Vidal, Anxela; Cereijo, Enrique; Platas, Enrique; Galeas-Lopez, Juan Luis; Herrera-Gutierrez, Manuel; Perez, Manuel; Palazon Sanchez, Eugenio Luis; Millan, Maria Teresa; Ferreruela, Mireia; Forteza, Catalina; Rialp, Gemma; Izura, Javier; Tirapu, Juna; Martínez-Fidalgo, Conchita; Garcia, Elisabet; Vallverdu, Imma; de Haro, Candelaria; Martin, Felix; Cheng, Meisy Perez; Olmos, Aitor; Tomas, Roser; De Mendoza, Diego; Mas, Arantxa; Montiel, Raquel; Parrilla, Dácil; Gonzalez-Castro, Alejandro; Aznar, Maria Mora; Torres, Daniel Moreno; Guasch, Neus; Magret Iglesias, Mònica; Barrueco-Francioni, Jesus Emilio; Algaba, Angela; Munoz de Cabo, Carlos; Roche-Campo, Ferran; Aguilar, Gerardo; Ferrando, Carlos; Fernandez-Rodriguez, Maria Lorena; Prol-Silva, Estefania; Perez-Torres, David; Sanchez-Ballesteros, Jesus; Fernandez, Borja; Villagra, Ana; Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio Luis; Asín-Corrochano, Marta; Zalba-Etayo, Begoña; Banwarie, Preveen; Boedjawan, Narain; Chou-Lie, Yvette; Kienhorst, Dieneke; Ramdhani, Navin; Nahar, Dick; Van Axel, Alisha; Ahlström, Björn; Mattsson, Anna; Spångfors, Martin; Henriksson, Johanna; Lind, Dan; Zetterquist, Harald; Mansson, Helena; Samuelsson, Line; Perchiazzi, Gaetano; von Seth, Magnus; Nikolic, Elena; Eckert, Philippe; Kongpolprom, Napplika; Teerapuncharoen, Krittika; Sutherasan, Yuda; Theerawit, Pongdhep; Petnak, Tananchai; Tangsujaritvijit, Viratch; Junhasavasdikul, Detajin; Karnjanarachata, Cherdkiat; Morakul, Sunthiti; Thungtitigul, Poungrat; Trongtrakul, Konlawij; Apichatbutr, Yutthana; Yuangtrakul, Nadwipa; Pirompanich, Pattarin; Saiphoklang, Narongkorn; Besbes, Mohamed; Jammoussi, Amira; Souissi, Asma Ben; Mebazaa, Mhamed Sami; Elatrous, Souheil; Tilouch, Nejla; Sozutek, Didem; Kuscu, Ozlem Ozkan; Özyılmaz, Ezgi; Zerman, Avşar; Sari, Sema; Turan, Sema; Aydemir, Semih; Sazak, Hilal; Aygencel, Gulbin; Turkoglu, Melda; Yildirim, Fatma; Cengiz, Melike; Gumus, Ayca; Bacakoglu, Feza; Ekren, Pervin Korkmaz; Girgin, Nermin Kelebek; Nur Soyturk, Ayşe; Akbas, Türkay; Efe, Serdar; Inal, Volkan; Elay, Gülseren; Arikan, Huseyin; Karakurt, Sait; Cinel, Ismail; Gül, Fethi; Bozbay, Suha; Demirkiran, Oktay; Dikmen, Yalim; Erdogan, Elif; Ozcan, Perihan Ergin; Esen, Figen; Adiguzel, Nalan; Mocin, Ozlem Yazicioglu; Akker, Mustafa; Çukurova, Zafer; Tekdos, Yasemin Seker; Kirakli, Cenk; Kara, Iskender; Seçkin Yücesoy, Faruk; Demirkiran, Hilmi; Tekeli, Arzu Esen; Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep; Chau, Simon; Siddiqui, Sughrat; Cook, Tim; Kerslake, Ian; Snape, Sarah; Vochin, Ana; Perkins, Gavin; Yates, Elliot; Boyd, Owen; De Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz; Kane, Caroline; Thomas, Matt; Bewley, Jeremy; Grimmer, Lisa; Smith, Paul; Bhowmick, Kaushik; Humphreys, Sally; Smith, Tim; Wilson, Antoinette; Beavis, Sarah; Spittle, Nick; Chilton, Phil; Hammel, Clare; Ashok, Sundar Raj; Moghal, Arif; Wrathall, David; Wright, Christopher; Slessor, David; Holmquist, Dagmar; Saha, Rajnish; Stephenson, Lorraine; Leiner, Tamaas; Hermon, Andrew; Lynch, Ceri; Whiteley, Simon; Wilby, Elizabeth; Welters, Ingeborg; Williams, Karen; Saha, Rohit; Patel, Grisma; Kam, Elisa; Collins, Amy; Zaki, Ahmed; Khorasanee, Reza; Bertram-Ralph, Elliot; Horner, Daniel; Patil, Jayaprakash; Chaintoutis, Christos; Hugill, Keith; Gonzalez, Isabel; Adderley, Jane; Martin, Alex; Pugh, Richard; Sundaram, Venkat; Hormis, Anil; Smith, Mark; Balaraj, Govindan; Scano, Riccardo; Jamadarkhana, Sunil; Bhandary, Rakesh; Clark, Michele; Doble, Patricia; Innes, Richard; Clark, Thomas; Burt, Karen; Spivey, Mike; Rose, Alastair; Hagan, Samantha; Trinder, John; Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka; Aguirre, Gaston; Deicas, Alberto; Beltramelli, Rodrigo; Briva, Arturo; Lee, Jarone; Rodriguez, Gabriel; Kassis, Elias Baedorf; Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie; Gueret, Renaud; Tulaimat, Aiman; Gomaa, Dina; Tsuei, Betty; Duggal, Abhijit; Khanna, Ashish K.; Englert, Joshua A.; Wert, Michael; Tomaszewski, Christian; Wardi, Gabriel; Barry, Jeffrey; Bojanowski, Christine M.; Glober, Nancy; Tainter, Christopher; Stevenson, Elizabeth; Nanchal, Rahul; Truwit, Jonathon; Grissom, Colin; Lanspa, Michael; McKown, Andrew; Rice, Todd; Saito, Shigeki; Khan, Akram; Nonas, Stephanie; Smischney, Nathan; Oeckler, Richard; Rai, Ashish; Eng, Kevin; Tyagi, Sanjeev; Dries, David; Ramey, Elizabeth; Rogers, Angela; Short, Jack
Contributors:	Reep, Carmen A. T.; Wils, Evert-Jan; Fleuren, Lucas M.; Breskin, Alexander; Bellani, Giacomo; Laffey, John G.; Brochard, Laurent J.; Pham, Tài; Heunks, Leo; Estenssoro, Elisa; Van Haren, Frank; Hermans, Greet; Neto, Ary Serpa; Qiu, Haibo; Goligher, Ewan; Bugedo, Guillermo; Cerny, Vladimir; Razek, Assem Abdel; Beduneau, Gaëtan; Perbet, Sébastien; Moerer, Onnen; Matamis, Dimitrio; Papali, Alfred; Molnar, Zsolt; Amin, Pravin; Hashemian, Sayed Mohammadreza; Clarkson, Kevin; Grasselli, Giacomo; Kurahashi, Kiyoyasu; Acharya, Subhash P; Villagomez, Asisclo; Zeggwagh, Amine Ali; Heunks, Leo M.; Laake, Jon Henrik; Roldan, Rollin; Szuldrzynski, Konstanty; Aragao, Irene; Tomescu, Dana; Gritsan, Alexey; Arabi, Yaseen; Jovanovic, Bojan; Cho, Young-Jae; Peñuelas, Óscar; Panka, Bernardo; Berkius, Johan; Piquilloud, Lise; Rittayamai, Nuttapol; Abrough, Fekri; Ozyilmaz, Ezgi; Camporota, Luigi; Bauer, Philippe; Talmor, Daniel; Beitler, Jeremy; Null, Null; Cani, Alma; Fredes, Sebastian; Ilutovich, Santiago; Santojanni, Hospital D. F; Bezzi, Marco; Borello, Silvina; Plotnikow, Gustavo; Pratto, Romina; Iezzi, Nicola; Lopez, Rodolfo; Furche, Mariano Andre; Rubatto Birri, Paolo Nahuel; Lovazzano, Pablo; Setten, Mariano; Grando, Matilde; Pavlotsky, Vanesa Alejandra; Benvenuti, Daniela; Markman, Eliana; Paz, Graciela; Robledo, Aldana Ruiz; Alejandro Gomez, Raúl; Florencia Valenti, María; Diaz, Anatilde; Garcia, Analía; Hernandez, Rosana; Orlandi, Maria Cristina; Conde, Juan; Reina, Rosa; Chaparro, Gustavogcha; Pagella, Gonzalo; Zakalik, Graciela; Pellegrini, Carlo; Chena, Ariel; Farina, Maria Fernanda; Lopez, Claudia Elizabeth; Rios, Fernando; Sagardia, Judith; Elena Romano, María; Succar, Cristina Villega; Bettini, Lisandro Roberto; Cardonnet, Luis Pablo
Publication Year:	2025
Collection:	Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale: CINECA IRIS
Subject Terms:	airway extubation; controlled mode; length of stay; mechanical ventilation; ventilator weaning
Description:	Rationale: In critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, switching from controlled to assisted ventilation is a crucial milestone toward ventilator liberation. The optimal timing for switching to assisted ventilation has not been studied. Objectives: Our objective was to determine whether a strategy of early compared with delayed switching affects the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, and mortality. Methods: We conducted a target trial emulation using the prospective, global WEAN SAFE (the WorldwidE AssessmeNt of Separation of pAtients From ventilatory assistancE) dataset. Patients were eligible for switching if they were still on controlled mechanical ventilation, were not receiving neuromuscular blockers, and had PaO2:FIO2 ratios .150 mm Hg. We compared an “early switching” strategy (switch within 1 day after reaching switching eligibility criteria) with a “delayed switching” strategy (switch 1 or more days after reaching the switching eligibility criteria). The primary outcome was the 28-day cumulative incidence of successful extubation. Secondary outcomes included 28-day and 90-day ICU discharge and ICU mortality. Measurements and Main Results: A total of 1,489 patients met the switching eligibility criteria. The early-switch group had, on average, 4 additional days of being successfully extubated over the 28-day period (95% confidence interval [CI], 3–6 days; P, 0.001) compared with the delayed group, with a higher difference in cumulative incidence of successful extubation at Day 28 (7% [95% CI, 0–13%]; P = 0.04). Early switching was associated with an 11% higher cumulative incidence of ICU discharge at Day 28 (95% CI, 7–18%; P, 0.001) and an average of 7 additional days discharged from the ICU over the 90-day period (95% CI, 4–12 days; P, 0.001) compared with delayed switching. ICU mortality rates did not differ between the strategies. Conclusions: Early switching from controlled to assisted ventilation is associated with shorter duration of invasive ...
Document Type:	article in journal/newspaper
Language:	English
Relation:	info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/39836177; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001530451600024; volume:211; issue:6; firstpage:975; lastpage:983; numberofpages:9; journal:AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE; https://hdl.handle.net/11579/214662
DOI:	10.1164/rccm.202406-1162oc
Availability:	https://hdl.handle.net/11579/214662; https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202406-1162oc
Accession Number:	edsbas.E1505DF
Database:	BASE