| Title: |
Emory Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Trail Making Test B as Measures of Executive Dysfunction |
| Authors: |
Lincoln, Gabrielle A; Pal, Subhamoy; Reader, Jonathan M; Rose, Savannah G; Maher, Amanda Cook; Giordani, Bruno |
| Source: |
Alzheimer's & Dementia ; volume 20, issue S8 ; ISSN 1552-5260 1552-5279 |
| Publisher Information: |
Wiley |
| Publication Year: |
2024 |
| Collection: |
Wiley Online Library (Open Access Articles via Crossref) |
| Description: |
Background Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Trail Making Test‐Part B (Trails B) are commonly used neuropsychological measures of executive functioning. Previously, Trails B was found to be more sensitive than the WCST in predicting executive dysfunction. The Emory WCST (eWCST) was adapted to remove cards with multiple sort options and duplicate cards, creating a more direct measure of executive function. This study aimed to assess whether the eWCST was a better predictor of executive dysfunction compared to Trails B. Method Data from 864 participants enrolled in the longitudinal University of Michigan Memory and Aging Project within the Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Center were analyzed (34.3% Male, 34.7% Black/African American). Participants completed baseline neuropsychological testing and other Unified Data Set activities and received a consensus diagnosis: Cognitively Normal, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), non‐amnestic MCI (naMCI), or dementia due to suspected Alzheimer’s disease (AD). eWCST total errors and Trails B completion time were standardized and converted to T‐scores. Mean test scores within each diagnostic group were compared via Welch 2 sample t‐tests. Analysis of variance (ANOVAs) were used to compare group differences in eWCST and Trails B performance. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict cognitive diagnosis using eWCST and Trails B performance. Result Within the three impaired groups (aMCI, naMCI, AD), mean T‐scores were lower (e.g., less impaired) for eWCST compared to Trails B ( p ’s |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| DOI: |
10.1002/alz.095677 |
| Availability: |
https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.095677 |
| Rights: |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.E314438 |
| Database: |
BASE |