| Title: |
Mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination |
| Authors: |
Paul, MJ; Hudda, MT; Pallett, S; Groppelli, E; Boariu, E; Finardi, NF; Wake, R; Sofat, N; Biddle, K; Koushesh, S; Dwyer-Hemmings, L; Cook, R; Ma, JK-C |
| Publisher Information: |
Elsevier BV |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
St George's University of London: Repository |
| Description: |
SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the community. We hypothesise that mucosal immunity is required to prevent continuing viral acquisition and transmission. Objectives To determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination elicits specific neutralising antibodies in saliva, and to assess the longevity of protection. Methods Initially, 111 COVID-19 convalescent participants were recruited, 11–369 days after diagnosis. Saliva and blood samples were assayed for antibodies specific for Spike protein, Receptor Binding Domain and Nucleoprotein. In a second cohort, 123 participants were recruited. Saliva and serum antibodies to the same antigens were assayed before and after their first and second COVID-19 vaccinations, with 150 day follow up. Results Natural infection induces and boosts IgA and IgG in oral fluid and serum; vaccination does not induce or boost specific saliva IgA; IgG can be found in saliva after vaccination, but only when serum IgG concentrations are high; IgA is important for SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation activity by oral fluid, but there can also be contributions from serum IgG and other factors. Conclusions New COVID-19 vaccines should target both systemic and mucosal immunity, to establish a first line of immune defence at the mucosal barrier. This would benefit vulnerable patient populations and may help to eradicate SARS-CoV-2 circulation. |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| File Description: |
application/pdf; application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document |
| Language: |
English |
| ISSN: |
0264-410X |
| Relation: |
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/117472/3/1-s2.0-S0264410X25004724-main.pdf; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/117472/1/1-s2.0-S0264410X25004724-mmc1.docx; https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/117472/2/1-s2.0-S0264410X25004724-mmc2.pdf; Paul, MJ; Hudda, MT; Pallett, S; Groppelli, E; Boariu, E; Finardi, NF; Wake, R; Sofat, N; Biddle, K; Koushesh, S; et al. Paul, MJ; Hudda, MT; Pallett, S; Groppelli, E; Boariu, E; Finardi, NF; Wake, R; Sofat, N; Biddle, K; Koushesh, S; Dwyer-Hemmings, L; Cook, R; Ma, JK-C (2025) Mucosal immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccine, 56. p. 127175. ISSN 0264-410X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127175 SGUL Authors: Ma, Julian |
| DOI: |
10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127175 |
| Availability: |
https://openaccess.sgul.ac.uk/id/eprint/117472/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127175 |
| Rights: |
cc_by_4 |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.E6B54EED |
| Database: |
BASE |