| Title: |
Global, regional, and national burden of suicide, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 |
| Authors: |
Davis Weaver, Nicole; Bertolacci, Gregory J; Rosenblad, Emily; Ghoba, Sama; Cunningham, Matthew; Ikuta, Kevin S; Moberg, Madeline E; Mougin, Vincent; Han, Chieh; Wool, Eve E; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Adewuyi, Habeeb Omoponle; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Adzigbli, Leticia Akua; Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika; Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Ahmad, Aqeel; Ahmad, Danish; Ahmad, Sajjad; Ahmed, Ayman; Ahmed, Haroon; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Al-Ajlouni, Yazan; Al-amer, Rasmieh Mustafa; Albashtawy, Mohammed; Aldhaleei, Wafa A; Ali, Syed Shujait; Ali, Waad; Alomari, Mahmoud A; Alsabri, Mohammed A; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed; Amindarolzarbi, Alireza; Amiri, Sohrab; Andrei, Tudorel; Anvari, Saeid; Arabloo, Jalal; Areda, Demelash; Artamonov, Anton A; Ashraf, Tahira; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Azzam, Ahmed Y; Badiye, Ashish D; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bahramian, Saeed; Banach, Maciej; Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiri, Azadeh; Bashiru, Hameed Akande; Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi; Batra, Kavita; Batra, Ravi; Bayati, Mohsen; Benjet, Corina; Benzian, Habib; Bertuccio, Paola; Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth; Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini; Bills, Corey B; Boppana, Sri Harsha; Borges, Guilherme; Borhany, Hamed; Bustanji, Yasser; Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano; Castelpietra, Giulio; Caye, Arthur; Cenderadewi, Muthia; Chandika, Rama Mohan; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K; Charalampous, Periklis; Chen, Yifan; Chimoriya, Ritesh; Chopra, Hitesh; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chutiyami, Muhammad; Cowden, Richard G; Dachew, Berihun Assefa; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Dalal, Koustuv; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Darcho, Samuel Demissie; Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; de la Torre-Luque, Alejandro; Debopadhaya, Shayom; Degenhardt, Louisa; Delgado-Enciso, Ivan; Dervišević, Emina; Diaz, Michael J; Dongarwar, Deepa; Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai; Dsouza, Haneil Larson; Dumith, Samuel C; Duraisamy, Senbagam; Eboreime, Ejemai; Efendi, Ferry; Ekholuenetale, Michael; El Arab, Rabie Adel; Elhadi, Muhammed; ELNahas, Gihan; Eltaha, Chadi; Emdadul Haque, Syed Emdadul; Eskandarieh, Sharareh; Fahim, Ayesha; Faro, Andre; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fazeli, Patrick; Feizkhah, Alireza; Fekadu, Ginenus; Ferreira, Nuno; Fischer, Florian; Franklin, Richard Charles; Fridayani, Ni Kadek Yuni; Gajdács, Márió; Gandhi, Aravind P; Ganesan, Balasankar; Gebregergis, Miglas Welay; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getie, Molla; Ghadimi, Delaram J; Ghailan, Khalid Yaser; Ghashghaee, Ahmad; Gholamrezanezhad, Ali; Goleij, Pouya; Grada, Ayman; Grivna, Michal; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gulati, Snigdha; Gupta, Sapna; Gutiérrez, Reyna Alma; Gutiérrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven; Hamilton, Erin B; Hanifi, Nasrin; Hasan, Ikramul; Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat; Hay, Simon I; Heidari, Mohammad; Hemmati, Mehdi; Hoan, Nguyen Quoc; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hostiuc, Sorin; Huang, Junjie; Huynh, Hong-Han; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen; Ilic, Irena M; Ilic, Milena D; Immurana, Mustapha; Inok, Arit; Iwu, Chidozie Declan; Jahrami, Haitham; Jaka, Sanobar; Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Reza; Ji, Zixiang; Jin, Shuai; Joseph, Nitin; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kabir, Zubair; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem; Kantar, Rami S; Kapoor, Neeti; Karaye, Ibraheem M; Karmakar, Shilpi; Kaur, Harkiran; Kerr, Jessica A; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khan, Ajmal; Khatab, Khaled; Kheirallah, Khalid A; Kim, Kwanghyun; Kim, Min Seo; KM Shivakumar, Shivakumar KM; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Krishna, Varun; Kugbey, Nuworza; Kulimbet, Mukhtar; Kumar, G Anil; Kumar, Manasi; Kundu, Satyajit; Kytö, Ville; Landires, Iván; Le, Nhi Huu Hanh; Lee, Doo Woong; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Yo Han; Lim, Stephen S; Lin, Jialing; Liu, Richard T; López-Gil, José Francisco; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Ma, Zheng Feei; Maled, Venkatesh; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Marconi, Agustina Maria; Martinez-Piedra, Ramon; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Mathangasinghe, Yasith; Maulik, Pallab K; Meles, Hadush Negash; Menezes, Ritesh G; Meretoja, Tuomo J; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Miller, Ted R; Mirza, Moonis; Misganaw, Awoke; Mittal, Chaitanya; Mohamed, Abdalla Z; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Mokdad, Ali H; Molinaro, Sabrina; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Motappa, Rohith; Mughal, Faraz; Mulita, Francesk; Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham; Murray, Christopher J L; Muthu, Sathish; Myung, Woojae; Nafei, Ayoub; Naghavi, Pirouz; Naik, Ganesh R; Naik, Gurudatta; Natto, Zuhair S; Naveed, Muhammad; Navid, Shadan; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Nazri-Panjaki, Athare; Netsere, Henok Biresaw; Neupane, Sudan Prasad; Nguyen, Hoang Anh Hoang; Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Phuong The; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nikoobar, Ali; Noguer, Isabel; Nomura, Shuhei; Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi; Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Oancea, Bogdan; Oduro, Michael Safo; Oh, In-Hwan; Okeke, Sylvester Reuben; Oluwafemi, Yinka Doris; Ong, Sok King; Ordak, Michal; Orpana, Heather M; Ortiz-Prado, Esteban; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; Palma-Alvarez, Raul Felipe; Pandey, Anamika; Pandey, Ashok; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Park, Seoyeon; Park, Sungchul; Pashaei, Ava; Patel, Jay; Pawar, Shrikant; Peprah, Prince; Peres, Mario F P; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Philip, Anil K; Phillips, Michael R; Piracha, Zahra Zahid; Pradhan, Jalandhar; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga; Puvvula, Jagadeesh; Qattea, Ibrahim; Qian, Gangzhen; Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman; Raghav, Pankaja; Rahimibarghani, Sarvenaz; Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Md. Mosfequr; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahmanian, Mohammad; Rajpoot, Pushp Lata; Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed; Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran; Rani, Smitha; Rao, Mithun; Rao, Sowmya J; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Rastogi, Prateek; Rathish, Devarajan; Rawaf, David Laith; Reifels, Lennart; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rhee, Taeho Gregory; Rickard, Jennifer; Roever, Leonardo; Rony, Moustaq Karim Khan; S N, Chandan; Saddik, Basema Ahmad; Sadeghian, Farideh; Saeb, Mohammad Reza; Saeed, Umar; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar; Safari, Mehdi; Sagoe, Dominic; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes; Sahoo, Pragyan Monalisa; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Salamati, Payman; Salihu, Dauda; Salimi, Sohrab; Salum, Giovanni A; Sameen, Sonia; Samy, Abdallah M; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M; Sarkar, Chinmoy; Sarode, Gargi Sachin; Sarode, Sachin C; Sathian, Brijesh; Schumacher, Austin E; Šekerija, Mario; Semreen, Mohammad H; Sepanlou, Sadaf G; Shafie, Mahan; Shahid, Samiah; Shaikh, Ahmed; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Sharifan, Amin; Sharifi Rad, Javad; Sharma, Anupam; Sharma, Vishal; Sheikhi, Rahim Ali; Shetty, Mahabalesh; Shetty, Pavanchand H; Shetty, Premalatha K; Shivarov, Velizar; Shool, Sina; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Puneetpal; Singh, Surjit; Socea, Bogdan; Stein, Dan J; Stein, Murray B; Sun, Jing; Swain, Chandan Kumar; Szarpak, Lukasz; T Y, Sree Sudha; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabche, Celine; Tareke, Minale; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Thum, Chern Choong; Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Tran, Nghia Minh; Tran, Thang Huu; Tran Minh Duc, Nguyen; Tromans, Samuel Joseph; Truyen, Thien Tan Tri Tai; Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom; Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya; Vahdati, Sanaz; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Valdez, Pascual R; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Veroux, Massimiliano; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vinayak, Manish; Vos, Theo; Walde, Mandaras Tariku; Wang, Yanzhong; Ward, Joseph L L; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Wojewodzic, Marcin W; Yesodharan, Renjulal; Yiğit, Arzu; Yin, Dehui; Yip, Paul; Yon, Dong Keon; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Yu, Chuanhua; Zare, Iman; Zeariya, Mohammed G M; Zhang, Haijun; Zhong, Claire Chenwen; Zhu, Bin; Zhumagaliuly, Abzal; Naghavi, Mohsen |
| Publisher Information: |
Elsevier |
| Publication Year: |
2025 |
| Collection: |
EconStor (German National Library of Economics, ZBW) |
| Subject Terms: |
ddc:330 |
| Description: |
Summary Background Deaths from suicide are a tragic yet preventable cause of mortality. Quantifying the burden of suicide to understand its geographical distribution, temporal trends, and variation by age and sex is an essential step in suicide prevention. We aimed to present a comprehensive set of global, regional, and national estimates of suicide burden. Methods We produced estimates of the number of deaths and age-standardised mortality rates of suicide globally, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, and disaggregated these results by age and sex. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 estimates of deaths attributable to suicide were broken down into two comprehensive categories: those by firearms and those by other specified means. For this analysis, we also produced estimates of mean age at the time of death from suicide, incidence of suicide attempts compared with deaths, and age-standardised rates of suicide by firearm. We acquired data from vital registration, verbal autopsy, and mortality surveillance that included 23 782 study-location-years of data from GBD 2021. Point estimates were calculated from the average of 1000 randomly selected possible values of deaths from suicide by age, sex, and geographical location. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution. Findings Globally, 746000 deaths (95% UI 692000–800000) from suicide occurred in 2021, including 519000 deaths (485 000–556000) among males and 227 000 (200 000–255000) among females. The age-standardised mortality rate has declined over time, from 14·9 deaths (12·8–15·7) per 100000 population in 1990 to 9·0 (8·3–9·6) per 100000 in 2021. Regionally, mortality rates due to suicide were highest in eastern Europe (19·2 [17·5–20·8] per 100000), southern sub-Saharan Africa (16·1 [14·0–18·3] per 100000), and central sub-Saharan Africa (14·4 [11·0–19·1] per 100000). The mean age at which individuals died from suicide ... |
| Document Type: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| Language: |
English |
| Relation: |
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318257; RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:318257 |
| DOI: |
10.1016/S2468-2667(25)00006-4 |
| Availability: |
https://hdl.handle.net/10419/318257; https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(25)00006-4 |
| Rights: |
http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen ; http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| Accession Number: |
edsbas.E80C776F |
| Database: |
BASE |